Biomedical subjects

H Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to H Kondo.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

[A case of bronchial rupture and pulmonary laceration caused by blunt chest trauma].

A 37-year-old female was crushed by a traffic accident. She was in severe respiratory distress. A chest X-ray revealed right pneumothorax and multiple rib fractures. Shortly after the initiation of the positive pressure ventilation, severe subcutaneous emphysema developed and she became shock. The bronchoscopy showed the rupture of the right main bronchus which was repaired through a right posterolateral thoracotomy using interrupted monofilament PPP sutures. Pulmonary lacerations were also repaired by the same sutures. Postoperative bronchoscopic examination showed good healing without any stricture. It cannot be overemphasized that accurate diagnosis and urgent surgical management is mandatory in patients with bronchial rupture.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1994

Essential involvement of interleukin-8 in neutrophil recruitment in rabbits with acute experimental arthritis induced by lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1.

Rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory joint diseases are characterized by massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) into inflamed joints. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has recently been identified as a leukocyte chemotactic and activating factor produced by activated tissue cells as well as monocytes/macrophages. Examination was made of the involvement of IL-8 in acute arthritis induced by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) into the joints of rabbits. The neutralizing antibody to rabbit IL-8 blocked almost completely the infiltration of PMN into the joints and provided protection from damage to tissue in the early phase of inflammation induced by LPS or IL-1 alpha. Mononuclear cell infiltration observed later was not inhibited by this antibody. This is the first paper to clearly demonstrate that IL-8 is an essential and major mediator determining whether PMN infiltration will occur in the early phase of experimental acute arthritis.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in 6 patients with renal failure and systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the distribution and frequency of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in systemic sclerosis. METHODS: Patient sera were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: High titers for perinuclear ANCA correlated with rapid deterioration of renal function. Patients were normotensive with normal plasma renin levels, but anemia, pulmonary hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia were problematic. All patients had anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies and some had anti-nRNP, anti-DNA, anti-Sm and LE cell antibodies. Outcome was poor except for one patient treated by plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSION: A renal specific subset of systemic sclerosis is suggested.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1994

[Association of antiphospholipid antibodies with valvular heart disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of antiphospholipid antibodies with the valvular lesions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed in 65 patients with SLE. Antiphospholipid antibodies were assayed in each patient using two methods: anticardiolipin antibody and lupus anticoagulant. Valvular lesions were observed in 43 patients (66.2%). Mitral or aortic regurgitation (MR or AR) were recognized in 37 patients (56.9%). Moderate or severe MR were significantly associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (20.0%, p < 0.01) compared with patients without antiphospholipid antibodies (2%). Four of nine patients with moderate to severe AR or MR developed cerebral infarctions or digital infarctions. It is suggested that there may be a causal link between antiphospholipid antibodies and moderate to severe valvular lesions in SLE.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Three cases of Castleman's disease mimicking the features of collagen disease].

We report three cases of Castleman's disease mimicking the features of collagen disease. Case 1: A 39-year-old woman presented with intermittent arthralgia and fever. Laboratory findings were positive results for antinuclear antibody (80x speckled type), the LE test, anti-SSA antibody, anti-RNP antibody, and Coombs test. The patient was suspected to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sjögren syndrome, but a lymph node biopsy revealed the plasma cell type of Castleman's disease. Steroid treatment led to resolution of her symptoms. Case 2: A 60-year-old man with mixed type Castleman's disease had proteinuria with renal dysfunction, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, antinuclear antibody, anti-RNP antibody, anti-DNA antibody and anti-cardiolipin antibody. The patient was suspected to have SLE but cervical lymph node biopsy revealed the mixed type of Castleman's disease. Symptoms were not controlled with steroid therapy. He developed renal failure that required for hemodialysis and died of gastrointestinal bleeding due to severe thrombocytopenia. Case 3: A 46-year-old woman had Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactylia, and nail fold bleeding. Laboratory tests were revealed positive for antinuclear antibody, anti-ENA antibody, and LE cell preparation. Radiographic study showed multiple masses in the retroperitoneal spaces, which necessitated laparotomy. Firstly, the patient was suspected to have systemic sclerosis or mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). A biopsy revealed the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease. The serum level of IL-6 by ELISA was high in all of three cases. In case 1, symptoms improved and the IL-6 level normalized after steroid treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Correlation between degrees of the CTG repeat expansion and clinical features of myotonic dystrophy].

The mutation in myotonic dystrophy gene has recently been identified as an unstable expansion of trinucleotide CTG repeat located at the 3'-untranslated region of myotonin protein kinase gene. In this paper we report the correlation between the degree of CTG amplification and clinical features in 35 individuals with myotonic dystrophy. The analysis of CTG repeat expansion was performed with Southern blot hybridization. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes was digested with a restriction endonuclease, Pst I, instead of commonly used EcoRI. Since small expansion (about 100 bp) could be detected with PstI digestion and furthermore, the DNA fragment did not contain insertion/deletion polymorphism, we were able to accurately determine the exact sizes of CTG repeat expansion. We have observed a tendency of earlier ages of onset with larger allele sizes. The good correlation between the size of the expansion and the severity in muscle weakness was clearly demonstrated especially if the analysis was focused on the patients at same age group at 40-45 years. The severity of motor disability was classified into three stages. The mean size of expansion was 0.33 +/- 0.17 (M +/- SD) kbp in stage I, 2.58 +/- 1.42 kbp in stage II, and 4.75 +/- 0.93 kbp in stage III. The tendency was also observed when patients were categorized according to the intellectual grade. The anticipation was observed in all the parent-child pairs. When the increases of the repeat expansions were compared between father-child and mother-child transmissions, broader variation of the increases was observed in father-child transmissions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Low molecular weight heparin inhibits raised intraocular pressure following intracameral administration of sodium hyaluronate].

The effect of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin on increase of intraocular pressure following intracameral administration of sodium hyaluronate (HA) was investigated in rabbit eyes. In each case, the aqueous humor of one eye was replaced with HA and a balanced salt solution (BSS) containing 10.0 IU/ml of LMW heparin, and as a control the aqueous humor of the fellow eye was replaced with HA and BSS containing no LMW heparin. Intraocular pressure was measured for 24 hours following the replacement. As a result, significant increase of intraocular pressure was observed at 6 hours after the injection in the eyes administered HA and BSS. In comparison, no significant increase of intraocular pressure was observed in the eyes injected with HA and LMW heparin. When the concentration of LMW heparin was less than 2 IU/nl or the LMW heparin was heat-deactivated, the HA-induced increase of intraocular pressure was not inhibited. The results indicated that LMW heparin inhibits increase of intraocular pressure following intracameral administration of HA possibly by an inhibitory effect on intraocular fibrin exudation, and the increase of intraocular pressure is probably associated with interaction between fibrin and HA.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Microglia express the type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor in the brain of control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Localization of type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2) was investigated immunohistochemically in postmortem brain tissue of control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both the mouse monoclonal and the goat polyclonal antibodies to PAI-2 stained microglia. Reactive microglia were stained more intensely than resting microglia. PAI-2 may regulate the plasminogen activators and plasmin system in lesions of AD. It is suggested that PAI-2 plays a role for cell migration and matrix breakdown as well as for aberrant neurite outgrowth in senile plaques where persistent microglial activation is observed.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Anti-tau-positive glial fibrillary tangles in the brain of postencephalitic parkinsonism of Economo type.

Tau-immunoreactive astrocytes have been reported in the brain of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and are referred to as glial fibrillary tangles (GFTs). We found a number of GFTs in the heavily degenerated brain region in four cases of postencephalitic parkinsonism of Economo (PPE) with a clinical history of over a half-century. GFTs had the appearance of tufts of spider-like radiating fibers or small thorn-like feature by Gallyas-Braak method and also by anti-tau immunostaining.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of a new series of tetracyclic pyridone carboxylic acids.

A novel tetracyclic pyridone carboxylic acid with a thiazolidine ring, 1,2-dihydro-9,1-(epoxymethano)-7-fluoro-8-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5-oxo -5H- thiazolo[3,2-a]quinoline-4-carboxylic acid (4a), and variants with a nitrogen atom (4b) or carbonyl group (4c) in the place of the 10-position oxygen atom of 4a were prepared and tested for antibacterial activity and inhibitory activity on DNA gyrase from Escherichia coli KL-16. The in vitro antibacterial potency with regard to the 10-position atom was found to be of the following order; O > NCH3 = C = O. The IC50 values for DNA gyrase inhibition activity for the 4a, 4b, and 4c compounds were 0.33, 0.53, and 0.67 g/mL, respectively. The activity of 4a, in which the C-3 methyl group and C-5 of ofloxacin (2a) were connected with a sulfur atom to restrict the conformation of 2a, was more potent than that of 2a against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compared to the tetracyclic pyridone carboxylic acid 1a, which has a flat thiazole ring, compound 4a showed comparable or slightly more potent activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, except for P. aeruginosa.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed1993

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of a new series of tetracyclic pyridone carboxylic acids.

A series of novel tetracyclic pyridone carboxylic acids replacing the 10-position oxygen atom of 9,1-(epoxymethano)-7-fluoro-8-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5-oxo-5H-thiazolo [3,2-alpha]quinoline-4-carboxylic acid by imino groups (NR; R = Me, Et, c-Pr, allyl, Ph, benzyl), a sulfur atom, or a carbonyl group was prepared and evaluated for antibacterial activity and inhibitory activity on DNA gyrase isolated from E. coli KL-16. The in vitro antibacterial potency and DNA gyrase inhibitory activity were found to be in the following order: NMe > or = O > S >> C = O. Moreover, a methyl group was the optimal alkyl substituent at the 10-position nitrogen atom for antibacterial activity and for DNA gyrase inhibitory activity. 7-Fluoro-9,1-[(N-methylimino)methano]-8- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5-oxo-5H-thiazolo[3,2-alpha]quinoline-4-carboxy lic acid (10-NCH3) showed potent in vivo antibacterial activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Reduced expression of nm23-H1, but not of nm23-H2, is concordant with the frequency of lymph-node metastasis of human breast cancer.

The nm23 gene is a potential metastasis-suppressor gene originally identified in a murine melanoma line. Several investigators have reported the probable inverse association of nm23 expression with disease prognosis and/or metastasis. Since there are now 2 known isotypes of human nm23, namely nm23-HI and -H2, we immunohistochemically examined expression of these isotypes in human breast-cancer tissues using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for each isotype protein. We also analyzed expression of c-erbB-2 in the same collection of cancer tissues, in order to examine the significance of nm23 expression in comparison with c-erbB-2 expression. Of 130 tumors from breast-cancer patients, 73 (56%) and 69 (53%) positively expressed nm23-HI and -H2 respectively. Expression of c-erbB-2 was positive in 36 (28%). Expression of nm23-HI, but not nm23-H2, was inversely associated with lymph-node metastasis (p < 0.01). Expression of c-erbB-2 was associated with Tnm stage, tumor size and lymph-node metastasis (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 and p < 0.05 respectively). Overall survival was better (p = 0.014) in patients in whom expression of nm23-HI was positive than in those in whom it was negative. In multivariate analyses using a Cox's proportional-hazards regression model with 9 variables, nm23-HI showed the fourth greatest contribution to patient survival following lymph-node metastasis, Tnm stage and menopausal status. No significant contribution was shown for c-erbB-2 expression. nm23-HI, but not nm23-H2, may perform a role in disease prognosis in addition to its participation in cancer metastasis. It may have value for predicting long-term survival of human breast-cancer patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Molecular cloning and expression of a 90-kDa diacylglycerol kinase that predominantly localizes in neurons.

A diacylglycerol kinase cDNA was isolated from a rat brain cDNA library. This cDNA encoded an 801-amino acid protein of 90,287 Da. This 90-kDa diacylglycerol kinase showed 58% identity in deduced amino acid sequence with a previously isolated rat 80-kDa diacylglycerol kinase. EF-hand motifs, cysteine-rich zinc-finger-like sequences, and putative ATP-binding sites were all conserved between the two kinase species. However, mRNA encoding the 90-kDa kinase was confined to restricted neuronal populations such as the caudate-putamen, the accumbens nucleus, and the olfactory tubercle. Further, the 90-kDa kinase was found to exhibit high phosphorylation activity for long-chain diacylglycerols and was mainly associated with the membrane fraction when the cDNA was transfected into COS-7 cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

Molecular evolution of biotin-dependent carboxylases.

Amino-acid sequences of three functional units from various biotin-dependent carboxylases, biotin carboxylase, biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein and carboxyl transferase, were investigated by computer-assisted sequence comparison to obtain information about the structure, function, and molecular evolution of the enzymes. Biotin-dependent carboxylases, except transcarboxylase and oxaloacetate decarboxylase which lack biotin carboxylase, exert their catalytic activities through the three functional units. The three functional units correspond with functional domains or subunits of the enzymes, and the genetic information for the units is encoded in different ways from enzyme to enzyme. It is known that biotin carboxylase is homologous to carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, and that the biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein is homologous to lipoic-acid-binding domain. The evolutionary relationships between the functional units and their homologues were described. A model for the evolutionary history of the enzymes was proposed by molecular phylogenetic analysis, which shows how a wide variety of domain and/or subunit structures for the enzymes may have been established. A repeated structure was found in biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein, and the secondary structure of the protein was predicted using the observed sequence similarity with a lipoic-acid-binding domain.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗

PubMed1993

Alpha 1B-adrenoceptor-mediated stimulation of Ca2+ mobilization and cAMP accumulation in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Noradrenaline stimulates not only Ca2+ mobilization but also cAMP formation through activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in hepatocytes from mature male rats. We examined which subtype(s) of alpha 1-adrenoceptor mediate these signal transduction mechanisms. Treatment of hepatocytes with chloroethylclonidine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of noradrenaline-induced Ca2+ mobilization, involving both transient and sustained components. Chloroethylclonidine also blocked noradrenaline-induced cAMP accumulation. It was observed that prazosin was much more potent than WB4101 (2-(2,6-dimethoxy-phenoxyethyl)aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane) in antagonizing noradrenaline-induced Ca2+ mobilization. The same potency order was found in cAMP formation studies. Pretreatment of rats with pertussis toxin did not affect alpha 1-adrenergic responsiveness. Incubations of hepatocytes with tumor-promoting phorbol esters eliminated both Ca2+ mobilization and cAMP accumulation caused by noradrenaline. Our data suggest that in hepatocytes from mature male rats, single alpha 1B-adrenoceptors are linked to cAMP formation as well as Ca2+ mobilization.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMed1993

Oxidative stress during recovery from muscle atrophy.

Single ankle joints of male Wistar rats (15-week-old) were immobilized in the extended position for 7 days and remobilized for 5 days after the immobilization period. Atrophic and contralateral soleus, typical slow red muscles, were collected and their levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and glutathione were measured. Five-day remobilization did not increase muscle weight significantly. However, there were significant increases in TBARS and oxidized glutathione in the recovering muscle, which strongly suggested that enhanced oxidative stress occurred during the recovery from disuse muscle atrophy. Vitamin E injection accelerated the recovery from atrophy, thus showing that oxidative stress slowed it down.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Induction of true precocious puberty by neonatal treatment with danazol in female rats.

Female rats at 5 days of age were given a single subcutaneous injection of varying doses of danazol or vehicle. Rats treated with 300 micrograms of danazol showed significant (P < 0.01, respectively) advancement in the day of vaginal opening (37.50 +/- 0.49 days vs. 25.20 +/- 0.19 days; mean +/- S.E.M.), first estrus (38.19 +/- 0.62 days vs. 29.10 +/- 0.26 days) and onset of estrous cycle (49.63 +/- 1.30 days vs. 37.07 +/- 1.50 days). All rats treated with danazol showed 4- or 5-day estrous cycle in the adulthood. Rats treated with 300 micrograms of danazol at 5 days of age discharged luteinizing hormone in the late stage of first proestrus. These results demonstrate that neonatally administered danazol produces the true precocious puberty in female rats, and this sexual precocity rat represents a unique model for analysis of the onset of puberty.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Developmental regulation of neuronal expression for the eta subtype of the 14-3-3 protein, a putative regulatory protein for protein kinase C.

An in situ hybridization technique was applied to rat nervous tissues, to analyse the developmental changes in expression for the eta subtype mRNA of 14-3-3 protein, a putative regulatory protein for protein kinase C. Although signal levels of the eta subtype mRNA were low in mitotic cells in the ventricular zone, most neurons displayed a marked increase at their definitive location in the mantle zone. In general, neurons in the spinal ventral horn and peripheral ganglia showed this increase at E13-E15, those in the telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata at E18-P1, and the cerebellar Purkinje cells at P7-P14. It is at these developmental stages when neuronal differentiation including axonal and dendritic growth and ramification occurs actively. Subsequently high levels of the eta subtype mRNA were maintained until the adult stage in projection type neurons possessing larger cell bodies and highly developed dendritic fields, such as the olfactory mitral cells, hippocampal pyramidal cells, cerebellar Purkinje cells, and motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. However, the signal levels decreased until the adult stage in smaller projection type neurons. On the other hand, the signal levels in local circuit type neurons were consistently low throughout development. These findings suggest that gene expression for the eta subtype mRNA of the 14-3-3 protein is regulated in close relation to both neuron types and their cytodifferentiation.

14-3-3 Proteins↗