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Biomedical subjects

H Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to H Kondo.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Synchronous patchy pattern of gene expression for adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase but discrete expression for G-protein in developing rat striatum.

The ontogeny of the gene expression for striatal adenylyl cyclase (AC), 63 kDa calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase (63 kDa CaM-PDE) and olfactory G-protein (Golf), all of which are expressed predominantly in the striatum, was studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the peri- and early postnatal striatum, the gene expression for striatal AC and 63 kDa CaM-PDE showed a patchy pattern corresponding to the striatal patchy compartments enriched in several molecules involved in cAMP-signaling system including DARPP-32 (a dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein with an apparent M(r) of 32,000). On the other hand, Golf showed a homogeneous expression pattern throughout the striatal development. The present finding suggests that the gene expression for the three molecules directly involved in the cAMP-generating and degrading system is differentially regulated during the striatal development.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1995

Validation of transthoracic myocardial ultrasonic tissue characterization: comparison of transthoracic and open-chest measurements of integrated backscatter.

To investigate whether myocardial integrated backscatter (IB) can be measured through the chest wall, myocardial IB parameters were measured in five adult mongrel dogs with a newly developed IB imaging system capable of measurements of myocardial IB relative to backscatter from the blood. There was no significant difference in the calibrated myocardial IB between the closed chest and the open chest conditions either in the septum or in the posterior wall if a 2.5- or 3.5-MHz frequency transducer was used. There was no significant difference in the magnitude of cyclic variation in IB between the closed chest and the open chest conditions independent of the frequency of the transducer used. These data suggest that we can accurately measure not only the magnitude of cyclic variation in IB but also the calibrated myocardial IB through the chest wall with a 2.5- or 3.5-MHz frequency transducer. Such data may validate measurements of myocardial IB parameters through the chest wall even in humans.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Species difference in the resistibility of embryonic fibroblasts against oxygen-induced growth inhibition.

The growth of fibroblasts, which were isolated from human, rabbit, rat, mouse, and chick embryos, was inhibited partially under 50% oxygen and nearly completely under 95% oxygen. There was species difference in the resistivity of these cells against oxygen-induced growth inhibition. The extent of the resistivity was in the following order: chick cells > rat cells > human cells > rabbit cells approximately mouse cells. The order of their ability to recover from oxygen-induced growth inhibition was similar to the above order of species. There was also species difference in their antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, and their reduced glutathione concentration. Chick cells, having the highest resistivity against oxygen-induced growth inhibition, were at the lowest activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and at the highest concentration level of reduced glutathione. The species difference in resistivity against oxygen-induced growth inhibition seems to depend on the reduced glutathione concentration, but not on the antioxidant enzyme activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Stabilized enzymatic reagents for measuring glucose, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyltransferase with thermostable enzymes from a thermophile, Bacillus stearothermophilus.

Stabilized enzymatic reagents for measuring some components in biological fluids have been successfully developed based on two kinds of thermostable enzymes derived from Bacillus stearothermophilus with separation of the reagent into two complementary solutions. The thermostable glucokinase produced was applied to the measurement of glucose and creatine kinase activity, while the alanine dehydrogenase produced was used for the measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. The enzymatic reagents were also stabilized by developing two separate reagents with an optimum pH for the main reagent components. The stability of the reagents in liquid form was examined at 10 degrees C. It was clearly shown that the reagents for measuring glucose and creatine kinase activity were stable and retained their full capability for accurate measurement in biological fluids for over one year. The alanine dehydrogenase product was stable for at least 40 days.

Alanine Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1995

Molecular cloning of the cDNA for rat phosphatase inhibitor-2 and its wide gene expression in the central nervous system.

Inhibitor-2 (I-2) is the cytosolic regulatory subunit of type 1 protein phosphatase. We cloned and sequenced a cDNA for rat I-2 from rat brain cDNA library. By in situ hybridization histochemistry, I-2 mRNA was expressed throughout the adult rat brain (on the postnatal 7th week) at various hybridization intensities: high expression signals were detected in the hippocampal formation, olfactory neuronal layers, choroid plexus and cerebellar Purkinje and granule cell layers. Moderate expression signals were detected homogeneously through the layers II-VI of the neocortex. On the embryonic day 15, 1-2 mRNA was expressed moderately in both ventricular and mantle zones of the fore-, mid-, hindbrain and spinal cord, suggesting the possible involvement of I-2 together with type 1 protein phosphatase (PP-1) in the regulation of various early neuronal events including mitosis, migration and differentiation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of maxillary sinus with later involvement of the gall bladder and subcutaneous tissues.

We recently encountered a patient with extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) originating in the maxillary air sinus, who developed subcutaneous tissue and gall bladder involvement 2 years after initial local radiotherapy. Treatment with melphalan, prednisone and interferon led to a rapid and sustained regression of the gall bladder tumour. Complete remission was obtained by subsequent regional radiotherapy to the subcutaneous tumours in the extremities. Progression of plasmacytoma to the hepatobiliary system and subcutaneous tissues is quite rare and the effects of chemo- and radiotherapy on these lesions have not been fully elucidated. This study demonstrated that EMP can be well controlled and complete remission obtained by various therapeutic strategies, even though this tumour develops widespread dissemination.

Gallbladder Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Determination of tributyltin and triphenyltin compounds in hair and fish using a hydrolysis technique and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection.

A hydrolysis technique and a GC method are described for the determination of tributyltin and triphenyltin compounds in human hair and fish tissue. A sample was hydrolysed with a potassium hydroxide-ethanol-water solution. Tributyltin and triphenyltin compounds in the hydrolysate were extracted with toluene, and then impurities in the extract were eliminated with anion- and cation-exchange resins. After propylation of the organotin compounds, a yellow impurity was removed with a Sep-Pak florisil cartridge, and the two propylated organotin compounds were separated using a silicone OV-1 GC column and determined by flame photometric detection. The limits of determination of tributyltin and triphenyltin compounds in the sample were 5 and 10 ng g-1, respectively, in their chloride forms. The recoveries of tributyltin chloride from hair samples were 78.8 and 90.8%, respectively, when the spiked amounts were 20 and 200 ng. The recoveries of triphenyltin chloride from hair samples were 71.7 and 72.7%, respectively, when the spiked amounts were 40 and 400 ng. The recoveries of the organotin compounds from fish were similar to the recoveries from hair.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

In-vivo induction of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor in patients with chronic renal failure.

BACKGROUND: Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) is a novel inflammatory cytokine belonging to the chemokine superfamily and stimulates chemotaxis and activation of monocytes. Increased production of inflammatory cytokines has been shown in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study was thus conducted to determine plasma MCAF in patients with ESRD. METHODS: Plasma levels of MCAF were determined by ELISA. Gene expression of MCAF in PBMC was assessed by RT-PCR followed by southern blot hybridization. RESULTS: Plasma MCAF in 72 patients with long-term haemodialysis (HD) (162.4 +/- 58.2 pg/ml) and eight uraemic patients not yet dialysed (167.6 +/- 57.7 pg/ml) was found to exceed significantly the level in 24 normal subjects (86.0 +/- 19.4 pg/ml). MCAF before HD session in long-term HD patients was the same whether HD was carried out with either cellulosic (CUP) or synthetic (PMMA) membrane dialysers. Intradialytic increase in plasma MCAF during a single HD session was observed in both patient groups dialysed with CUP or PMMA membranes. The results of RT-PCR analysis indicated that haemodialysis stimulates the gene expression of MCAF in PBMC in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that increased levels of plasma MCAF may promote the activation of monocytes in patients with ESRD.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Degree of external force to the left ventricle determines hemodynamic response to nitroprusside in failing hearts: comparison with the response to dobutamine.

Vasodilators frequently, although not always, increase cardiac output (CO) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) despite a decrease in left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure. In patients with CHF, vasodilator-induced decrease in LV diastolic pressure without decrease in "preload" plays an important role in the vasodilator-induced increase in CO failure that may be caused by a vasodilator-induced reduction in external force to the LV. To clarify the hypothesis that a hemodynamic response to vasodilators depends on the degree of external force to the LV in failing hearts before drug administration and to examine whether the degree of the external force also affects a hemodynamic response to positive inotropic agents, we produced in 17 dogs two different conditions of LV dysfunction with high LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP: > or = 15 mm Hg), i.e., 1 with high right ventricular (RV) EDP (condition 1) and the other with lower RVEDP than condition 1 (condition 2), and compared hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside or dobutamine between these two conditions. Condition 1 was produced by the injection of a small dose of microspheres into the left coronary artery and intravenous infusion of dextran. Condition 2 was produced only by the injection of a large dose of microspheres. The nitroprusside-induced decrease in LVEDP was associated with a greater decrease in RVEDP and lesser decreases in mean left atrial pressure and LV end-diastolic diameter in condition 1 than in condition 2. CO increased in condition 1; however, CO then decreased in condition 2. The nitroprusside-induced changes in CO inversely correlated with those in RVEDP (r = 0.65, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Jh gene sequence analysis in a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia with subsequent development of immunoblastic lymphoma.

A case of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia with subsequent development of immunoblastic lymphoma in a 69 year old man is reported. Plasmacytoid lymphocytes were initially observed in both peripheral blood and bone marrow smears. Lymph node biopsy was interpreted as malignant lymphoma, diffuse mixed cell type compatible with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia. Complete remission resulted on combined treatment with prednisolone and melphalan. Four years later, lymphadenopathy recurred and biopsy revealed the development of an immunoblastic lymphoma. Initially, this lymphoma was thought to be the malignant transformation of Waldenström's microglobulinaemia, because both tumours produced IgM (kappa light chains). Sequencing of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes ofWaldenström's macroglobulinaemia and immunoblastic lymphoma cells, however, revealed different Dh and Jh usage between the two, indicating the independent nature of the two haematological malignancies. These results indicate that clonality of primary and secondary tumours should be determined not by phenotypic, but by genotypic analysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Widespread appearance of Alz-50 immunoreactive neurons in the human brain with cerebral infarction.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tau-like immunoreactivity is known to develop in neurons under some experimental conditions simulating ischemia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of tau-like immunoreactivity in the human brain after ischemic insult. METHODS: A series of autopsied human brains with or without ischemic lesion were investigated with immunohistochemistry (Alz-50, anti-tau, and anti-ubiquitin) and with silver-staining methods (Gallyas and Bodian methods). RESULTS: Punctate immunoreactivity to Alz-50 was visualized in the cytoplasm not only of the neurons in and around the ischemic lesion but also of the neurons free from classic ischemic changes around the necrosis. Some of the neurons around the ischemic lesion were stained by the Gallyas method. Immunostaining with anti-tau and anti-ubiquitin antibodies and the conventional Bodian method failed to visualize these neurons. CONCLUSIONS: The widespread appearance of Alz-50 immunoreactive neurons during the ischemic process signifies that tau-related proteins may be related to ischemic necrosis, but the lack of neurofibrillary tangles morphologically distinguishes ischemic development of tau-related proteins from the neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

Antigens↗
PubMed1995

Basal release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide plays an important role in the prevention of afterload mismatch in acute left ventricular dysfunction.

The basal release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) is considered to play an important role in regulating the vascular tone in normal subjects; however, its role in the presence of acute heart failure is unknown. This study was designed to clarify the role of a basal release of EDNO in the presence of acute heart failure. Acute ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction was produced in 22 dogs by coronary microembolization. After the embolization, only saline solution was intravenously infused for sixty minutes in 10 dogs. In another 12 dogs, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), which is known to inhibit the formation of EDNO in the vascular endothelium, was intravenously infused at a rate of 20 micrograms/kg/minute for sixty minutes. Infusion of saline solution did not produce any changes in hemodynamic variables. Infusion of L-NMMA caused increases in mean aortic pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and LV end-diastolic pressure without changes in the LV peak + and - dP/dt (time constant) of LV pressure fall, and these changes were associated with a giant "v" wave in the tracing of left atrial pressure and a decrease in cardiac output. The basal release of EDNO may play an important role in the prevention of afterload elevation, subsequent cardiac output reduction, and afterload mismatch in the presence of acute heart failure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Single-laser three-color immunolabeling of a histological section by laser scanning microscopy: application to senile plaque-related structures in post-mortem human brain tissue.

We describe a method for observing three-color immunofluorescence simultaneously in a histological section under a confocal laser scanning microscope. In this study we investigated the spatial relationship of blood vessels, reactive microglia, and amyloid beta-protein (A beta) deposits in post-mortem brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease. HLA-DR was employed as a marker for activated microglia and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as a marker for vascular endothelial cells. HLA-DR was labeled with R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) and vWF with fluorescein isothiocyanate. A beta-protein was immunostained with the tandem conjugate of R-PE and cyanin 5. Three images were obtained serially by scanning a tissue section with a 488-nm laser beam in combination with an appropriate emission filter for each fluorochrome. Overlaying of these three images permitted simultaneous observation of three distinct structures: activated microglia, blood vessels, and A beta deposits. This technique provides an improved way to study the localization of three different antigens in a single tissue section.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1995

Natural infection with attaching and effacing Escherichia coli and adenovirus in the intestine of a pigeon with diarrhea.

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) and adenovirus infections in a 6-month old pigeon were found by retrospective histologic examinations. Histologically, numerous gram-negative bacilli covered the surface of the enterocytes of the ileum. Brush borders were not sharply defined on the apical enterocytes at the sites of bacterial attachment. Scanning electron microscope showed that much of the mucosal surface was heavily colonized by bacilli and that the microvilli were lost. Many intranuclear inclusions were seen in enterocytes from the duodenum to the cecum. On transmission electron microscopy, adenovirus-like particles were observed in the nuclei of enterocytes.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the infant and adult human ovary.

The cytologic localization and cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in the human ovary during follicular growth and regression were examined by the avidin/biotin immunoperoxidase method with a specific antibody to human recombinant TNF alpha. In the infant ovary, TNF alpha immunostaining was present only in the oocyte within the primordial follicles. TNF alpha immunostaining was also present within the oocyte in primordial follicles of the adult ovary. Positive immunostaining for TNF alpha in granulosa cells became apparent in preantral follicles, while that in theca interna cells began to appear at the antral follicle stage. The staining intensity of the oocyte increased as the oocyte reached the preovulatory stage. The intensity of immunostaining for TNF alpha in the granulosa and thecal cells increased as the follicle became larger and matured. In corpora lutea, the immunostaining for TNF alpha persisted in the granulosa lutein and theca lutein cells and intensified in the mid luteal phase. In the regressing corpora lutea, TNF alpha immunostaining in the luteal cells decreased as the regression advanced. Regressed corpora lutea with a central core of scar tissue were bordered by macrophage-like cells which exhibited intense immunostaining for TNF alpha. In the cortex region, the corpus albicans was negative for TNF alpha immunostaining, whereas macrophage-like cells peripheral to the corpus albicans exhibited intense immunostaining for TNF alpha. In the medullary region, the corpus albicans and surrounding stromal cells were totally negative for TNF alpha. By contrast, in the early atretic stage, the degenerating oocyte showed weak immunostaining for TNF alpha, while the granulosa and theca interna cells showed moderate immunostaining for TNF alpha. In the late atretic stage, the immunostaining for TNF alpha in the scattered granulosa cells became negligible, whereas the theca interna cells showed intense immunostaining for TNF alpha. The results obtained indicate that the oocyte is the primary intrafollicular site of TNF alpha localization within the ovary and that TNF alpha may participate in regulating follicular growth, regression and atresia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

New isolates of pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) from Japanese rat colonies and their characterization.

Two virus strains were isolated from the lungs of athymic rats and mice used as sentinel animals in 2 colonies of laboratory rats in Japan in which antibodies to the pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) had been detected. The new isolates were identified as PVM by the following characteristics: RNA virus, susceptibility to ether treatment, long filamentous viral structure in the cytoplasm of infected cells, and hemagglutinating activity in various erythrocytes, including those of mice and rats. In addition, cross neutralization with the prototype of PVM (No. 15 strain) was observed. This is the first report of the isolation of PVM from laboratory animals in Japan.

Animals↗