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Biomedical subjects

H Kollberg

Publications and source records attributed to H Kollberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Fatty acids in cystic fibrosis in response to a marathon race.

Lipid metabolism was studied in three cystic fibrosis (CF) patients (18 years old) and three healthy controls (35-40 years old) who completed the New York Marathon 1984. Lipase was not detectable in plasma from two of the CF patients, but in one CF patient with a functioning pancreas and in the three controls it increased during and after the run. Cholesterol concentrations were lower in all patients than in the controls. The HDL/total cholesterol ratios increased in all runners throughout the observation period, substantially more in the patients than in the controls. Triglycerides and glycerol values were similar in the two groups. The relative distribution of fatty acids in total plasma, plasma free fatty acid fractions, and total red blood cell membranes, at rest, were similar to those earlier reported both for the CF patients with pancreatic insufficiency and for the controls. Lower relative concentrations of linoleic acid (C18:2n6) and higher relative concentrations of C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:3n6, and C20:3n6 were found in the CF specimens. During and after the race, linoleic acid concentration increased and the other fatty acids decreased, giving a more normalized pattern in the patients. The fatty acid pattern of the CF patient with a functioning pancreas behaved more like the healthy controls. The fatty acid pattern of the red cell membrane did not change during or after the run. Although the observations are few, it is encouraging that both the HDL/total cholesterol ratio and the fatty acid pattern improve in response to prolonged aerobic exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Dopamine and catecholamines in cystic fibrosis in response to a marathon race.

The excretions of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) metabolites and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were followed before, during, and after a marathon race in three patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and three healthy controls. Moderately increased DOPA excretions in CFs compared with controls before, during, and after the race support the idea that there is an altered metabolism of DOPA in CF. Noradrenaline, adrenaline, homovanillic acid, and vanilmandelic acid were increased in CFs compared with controls mainly during and after the race, which might be a reflection of the heavier working intensity that the CF patients had in comparison with their healthy controls. 5-HIAA, the breakdown product of serotonin, was higher in CFs in comparison with controls before and during the run, but equal thereafter. This reflects an ameliorated serotonin metabolism after the run.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1985

Effect of chronic treatment with cystic fibrosis fibroblast medium on rat submandibular gland acinar cells.

The effect of chronic treatment with cystic fibrosis (CF) fibroblast medium on rat submandibular gland and pancreas was investigated. Rats were injected for 8 days with conditioned medium from normal or CF fibroblasts. The elemental content of the acinar cells was measured by X-ray microanalysis of cryosections. A significant increase in cellular calcium, and a decrease in cellular sodium concentrations were found after treatment with CF medium. The ultrastructure of the submandibular acinar cells was not affected by the conditioned CF fibroblast culture medium. No effect of treatment with CF medium on ultrastructure and elemental content of pancreatic acinar cells could be demonstrated. The response to alpha-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic stimulation in submandibular gland acinar cells of rats injected with normal or CF medium was investigated in vitro. With regard to changes in elemental composition after stimulation, no significant differences in response between the two groups could be found. Apparently, a factor in conditioned medium from cultured CF fibroblasts induces a net increase in calcium content of rat submandibular gland acinar cells. Possibly, this factor acts in a similar way in CF patients and may cause elevated calcium levels in CF cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

High incidence of lead poisoning revealed by erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EPP) screening in Arabian children.

The measurement of erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EPP) has been used in screening infants for undue exposure to lead. The infants were from a high risk area, Al Jahra in Kuwait, and were selected from those attending the emergency department of Al Jahra District Hospital. Dried spots of blood on Guthrie filter paper were mailed to the Central Laboratory of the Children's Hospital in Buffalo, New York. Elevated EPP values (greater than 50 micrograms/dl) were present in 63 (66%) out of 96 tests. Forty-four of the infants with elevated values were investigated further: 16 had blood lead levels above 30 micrograms/dl (1.45 mmol/l) and 12 had evidence of iron deficiency anaemia. Five infants with blood lead levels above 80 micrograms/dl (3.9 mmol/l) needed urgent chelation and in addition an 8-month-old infant with the highest EPP value (478 micrograms/dl) died of acute lead encephalopathy. We conclude that lead poisoning is a serious problem in Al Jahra, Kuwait, and that a comprehensive programme for screening and health education are urgently needed to avoid the irreversible effects of lead toxicity.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Ribonuclease in different types of saliva from cystic fibrosis patients.

The flow rate, the activity of ribonuclease (RNAase) and the concentration of protein were determined in whole saliva and in parotid and submandibular saliva from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and from healthy controls, both before and after stimulation of the salivary secretion. Lower flow rates were found in all types of saliva from CF-patients than in control saliva. Increased activity of RNAase was found in CF saliva, both before and after stimulation of the secretion. The concentration of protein was also increased, but to a lesser degree. No correlation was found between either RNAase activity or protein concentration and severity of the disease or age of the children. It is therefore unlikely that these disturbances are secondary to progression of the disease. Considerable variations in RNAase activity and protein concentration were observed, especially within the CF group, and therefore despite the significant increase in these variables in CF their estimation is of limited diagnostic value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of metabolic acidosis on glycolysis in rat submandibular glands.

A decreased intracellular pH of exocrine glands could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. Metabolic acidosis was induced in rats by adding ammonium chloride to the drinking water. An increased content of both total proteins and glycoproteins was found in the submandibular glands of the treated animals. The activities of the glycolytic enzymes - hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase - were also increased in these glands, whereas the activity of creatine phosphokinase was unchanged. The changes of protein concentration and enzyme activities in the submandibular gland of acidotic rats agree with findings in patients with cystic fibrosis and cultured fibroblasts from these patients. The acidotic rat might be a new promising animal model for cystic fibrosis research. The finding of increased enzyme activities in acidotic rats is, however, contrary to findings in other animal models of the disease.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1985

Venepuncture pain can be reduced.

A lidocaine-prilocaine cream, 'eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics' (EMLA) and placebo were compared regarding their ability to diminish venepuncture pain in Oriental infants and young children. The investigation was double-blind and randomized. Twenty-eight children (median age 30 months) were treated with a placebo and 27 (median age 24 months) with EMLA. All pain reactions were observed by the same investigator and classified according to a three-grade scale: no pain, slight pain and severe pain. Treatment with EMLA resulted in significantly lower pain scores than treatment with the placebo (z = 2.67, P less than 0.01). No adverse reactions were observed.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1984

Salivary ribonuclease in cystic fibrosis and control subjects.

Alkaline acid- and thermo-stable ribonuclease (RNAase) was assayed in whole mixed saliva from controls and from cystic fibrosis (CF) heterozygotes and homozygotes. There was a significant difference in salivary RNAase activity between control adults (n = 99) and CF heterozygotes (n = 77) (12.6 +/- 0.60 and 36.6 +/- 2.2 U/l, mean +/- SE respectively; p less than 0.001) and between control children (n = 1834) and CF patients (n = 60) (7.9 +/- 0.15 and 47.0 +/- 5.4 U/l respectively; p less than 0.001). A statistically significant difference in salivary RNAase activity was also found between control children and control adults (p less than 0.001) and between CF homozygotes and CF heterozygotes (p less than 0.001). The protein concentration was significantly increased by about 50-60% in saliva both from CF heterozygotes and from CF homozygotes (p less than 0.001 for both groups). It is concluded that in view of the great overlapping in values between the groups, these tests can only be of limited use for diagnostic purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cystic fibrosis-like changes in saliva of healthy persons subjected to anaerobic exercise.

The biochemical composition of saliva secreted by healthy persons and by heterozygotes and homozygotes of cystic fibrosis at rest and by healthy persons subjected to aerobic or anaerobic effort were compared. In the saliva from cystic fibrosis homozygotes at rest substantial increases of the activity of ribonuclease (p less than 0.001) and of the concentrations of protein (p less than 0.001), lactate (p less than 0.001), sodium (p less than 0.001), potassium (p less than 0.01) and calcium (p less than 0.05) were found in comparison with saliva from healthy persons at rest. In the saliva from cystic fibrosis heterozygotes at rest similar but less pronounced changes were seen. After anaerobic exercise these biochemical parameters were increased in the saliva of healthy persons and mimicked the values of cystic fibrosis saliva. However, after aerobic effort no changes other than a slightly increased ribonuclease activity were seen in the saliva of healthy persons. This indicates that salivary glands of cystic fibrosis patients, at rest, are in the same state of lactate acidosis and energy depletion as these glands are in healthy persons after anaerobic work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis homozygotes and heterozygotes from plasma and fibroblast cultures. A three-generation family study.

The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygotes and heterozygotes and of individuals without the CF gene, based on differences in the thermal stability of acid phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase, is reported. The residual activities at 36.5 degrees C and 41.3 degrees C were below 10% of the activity in unheated samples for homozygotes, 40-50% for heterozygotes and above 90% for normals. The intracellular alkaline phosphatase and extracellular beta-hexosaminidase activities after treatment with heparin and gammaglobulin were 500% and 200%, respectively, of the activities without this treatment in CF homozygotes, whereas for heterozygotes and normals the values were the same after treatment as before. Pedigrees of four CF families, covering 2-3 generations, are presented. The possible use of these tests as diagnostic tools is further discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Sociomedical conditions of swedish patients with cystic fibrosis: a review of the past twelve years.

Cystic fibrosis--a hereditary disease with chronic pulmonary infections and malnutrition--demands on intensive, troublesome, costly and time-consuming therapy. Only a few years ago nearly all CF-patients died in childhood, but today most of them are expected to reach adulthood. All Swedish CF-patients are registered centrally. This registry has been used for demographic studies, and all the CF-families in the registry have got enquiries about sociomedical conditions. In the years 1968-1977 the number of CF-patients has increased from 116 to 200 and median survival age from 7.5 to 16.0 years. The incidence is estimated to 1:2,200 - 1:4,500. The medical care has been intensified and follows the guidelines of the "Swedish CF-board". The clinical condition of the patients has improved in the period. The most striking social aspects are the long time spent on treatment (mean: 18, maximum: greater than 50 hours/week) and the little help that is given by physiotherapists or community paid helps. The parents have to do all the work themselves! Even if the families receive several specific benefits the economical burden is heavy and strikes very unevenly. School results of CF-children are good. The main wishes from CF-parents are: intensive research to find the basic defect, uniform support to CF-families throughout the country, much information to be given especially to physicians.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1982

Incidence and survival curves of cystic fibrosis in Sweden.

A registry of all patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in Sweden has been kept since 1968. During the 10-year period 1968-1977 the number of CF patients in Sweden increased by about 8-9 per year, i.e. from 116 to 200, the median age of patients increased from 5 to 11 years, the percentage of patients above 18 years of age increased from 3 to 9 of the total CF population, and the median survival age increased from 7.5 to 16 years. For CF patients born without meconium ileus the median survival age in 1973-1977 was 17.8 years. From these figures the incidence of CF in Sweden is estimated to be 1 : 2200 to 1 : 4500. Several factors may have contributed to the improved outcome for CF patients, such as better medical treatment with more intensive physical therapy, the use of inhalation therapy and new antibiotics, improved social care and intensified information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Immunoreactive trypsin screening for cystic fibrosis.

Immunoreactive cationic trypsin (irCT) was measured in 22 cystic fibrosis (CF) and 132 control infants. IrCT was analysed with radioimmunoassay of dried blood samples collected for PKU screening around the 5th day of life and stored on filter paper. The mean +/- 1 SD level of irCT for the control infants was 42 +/- 19 micrograms/1. Sixteen of the 22 CF children had an irCT level above 100 micrograms/1 (mean + 3 SD) while 6 had a level at or below this cut-off limit. A specificity of 99%, which gives a sensitivity of 73%, and an approximative noise: signal ratio of 30:1, suggests that the irCT test may be unsatisfactory as a neonatal screening method for CF.

Child, Preschool↗