Biomedical subjects
H Kollaritsch
Publications and source records attributed to H Kollaritsch.
Different HBs antibody versus lymphoproliferative responses after application of a monovalent (hepatitis B) or combined (hepatitis A + hepatitis B) vaccine.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible adjuvanticity of simultaneous hepatitis A (HAV) vaccination for the development of HBs-specific antibodies and lymphoproliferative responses in prophylactic immunization with hepatitis B (HBV). METHODS: Thirty-nine volunteers were vaccinated (schedule: 0/1/6 months) either with a bivalent HAV/HBV (18 individuals) or with HBV (recombinant HBs-antigen) vaccine alone (21 individuals). Anti-HBs antibody titers and lymphoproliferative responses as consequence of stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with HBs were evaluated and compared between the two groups before second vaccination, before and 1 month after booster. RESULTS: Geometric mean titers were higher at all time points in the group treated with the combined vaccine. On the other hand, after the booster injection, HBs-induced stimulation indices in PBMC were higher in the group vaccinated with HBs alone. Neither the difference in antibody titers nor in proliferative responses reached the level of statistical significance. Interestingly, the inverse relation between cellular proliferation and antibodies was significant, indicating that cellular reactivity is not in all cases a useful marker to evaluate the intensity of the induced immunity. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of the T-lymphocyte response may eventually not be decisive for the subsequent antibody response. Both vaccination strategies led to a cellular and humoral immune response and resulted in protective levels of HBs-specific antibodies.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled pilot study evaluating efficacy and reactogenicity of an oral ETEC B-subunit-inactivated whole cell vaccine against travelers' diarrhea (preliminary report).
Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) is an important health problem in developing countries and in travelers to these areas. In previous trials formulations of ETEC vaccines containing the B-subunit of cholera toxin, which is antigenically similar to the heat labile enterotoxin of ETEC, and the most prevalent colonization factor antigens of ETEC, were shown to stimulate relevant mucosal immune responses in volunteers from Sweden and Egypt.
[Travel medicine. Unde venis?].
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[Travellers' diarrhea].
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Compatible concurrent administration of yellow fever 17D vaccine with oral, live, attenuated p6olera CVD103-HgR and typhoid ty21a vaccines.
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Interference of antibody production to hepatitis B surface antigen in a combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B vaccine.
A randomized trial comparing 3 manufacturing consistency lots of a combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B vaccine to each other and to hepatitis A vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine given separately and concurrently was done to evaluate safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity. Healthy volunteers >/=11 years of age were divided into 4 groups. Each of 3 groups received a separate consistency lot of the combination vaccine, and 1 group received separate but concurrent injections of hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines. Injections were given at weeks 0 and 24. The combination vaccine was generally well tolerated. The hepatitis A portion of the combination vaccine produced clinically acceptable high seropositivity rates 4 and 52 weeks after the first injection. The hepatitis B portion of the vaccine did not produce clinically acceptable seropositivity rates 4 weeks after the second injection. Lack of antibody production may be attributed, at least in part, to immunologic interference.
Adverse events after oral vaccination against cholera with CVD103-HgR.
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the tolerability and acceptability of an oral cholera vaccine (CVD103HgR) in individuals preparing for travel to countries endemic for cholera. 2545 Austrian travelers between 6 months and 81.5 years of age received a single dose of CVD103HgR and were asked to complete a questionnaire for documentation of adverse events during a 7 day period post immunization. Events were recorded regardless of whether they were caused by concomitant vaccinations or other factors and thus, a causative relationship was not necessarily present. Despite this drawback and the possibility of overreporting this study has proven a low frequency in side effects and the good tolerability of CVD103HgR. Occasional gastrointestinal side effects (15% diarrhea, 8.1% nausea, 1.1% vomiting) were seen and were of mild character and probably a consequence of associated intake of sodium bicarbonate buffer. Other events (7% skin eruptions, 2.7% fever) were mild and considered as harmless (or not vaccine related). The results show that the oral cholera vaccine CVD103HgR was well tolerated and accepted by travelers.
[Pneumococcal preventive vaccination. Consensus report, 3].
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Safety and immunogenicity of live oral cholera and typhoid vaccines administered alone or in combination with antimalarial drugs, oral polio vaccine, or yellow fever vaccine.
The effects of concomitant administration of antimalarial drugs, oral polio vaccine, or yellow fever vaccine on the immune response elicited by the Vibrio cholerae CVD103-HgR and Salmonella typhi Ty21a live oral vaccines were investigated. Healthy adults were immunized with CVD103-HgR alone or combined with Ty21a. Subjects were randomized to simultaneously receive mefloquine, chloroquine or proguanil, or oral polio or yellow fever vaccine. The vibriocidal antibody seroconversion rate was significantly reduced (P = .008) only in the group that received chloroquine with the CVD103-HgR. The geometric mean vibriocidal antibody titer was significantly decreased in the groups that received chloroquine (P = .001) or mefloquine (P = .02) compared with titers in groups that received CVD103-HgR alone. However, similar immunosuppressive effects were not observed in the groups immunized with Ty21a and CVD103-HgR. Only the concomitant administration of proguanil effected a significant (P = .013) decline in the anti-S. typhi lipopolysaccharide antibody response. These results indicate that chloroquine and proguanil should not be simultaneously administered with the CVD103-HgR and Ty21a vaccine strains, respectively.
Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of combined Salmonella typhi Ty21a and Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR live oral vaccines.
Healthy adults (n=330) were randomized to receive either a bivalent vaccine composed of Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR and Salmonella typhi Ty21a or a placebo. The combined vaccine was well tolerated. Approximately 80% of vaccines manifested a significant rise in anti-S. typhi immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin A lipopolysaccharide antibody levels. Significant (fourfold or greater) rises in anti-Inaba or anti-Ogawa vibriocidal antibody titer were achieved by 94 and 80% of vaccine recipients, respectively. Elevated baseline vibriocidal antibody titers showed a modest suppressive effect on the rate of seroconversion.
Safety and immunogenicity of a live oral bivalent typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi Ty21a)-cholera (Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR) vaccine in healthy adults.
The safety and immunogenicity of the live oral attenuated vaccine strains vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR and Salmonella typhi Ty21a were evaluated alone or in a combined bivalent formulation in four groups composed of 185 healthy European adults. All presentations were well tolerated. The serum anti-S. typhi lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A antibody responses were comparable for all groups (66 to 72% seroconversion). The serum vibriocidal antibody seroconversion rate ranged from 78 to 92.5% (P > 0.05) among the groups. However, the peak and geometric mean vibriocidal antibody titers were significantly higher (P < 0.005) in the groups which received the bivalent formulation along with two doses of Ty21a than in the group which received CVD 103-HgR followed by two doses of killed Escherichia coli K-12 placebo. The ingestion of a placebo shortly after CVD 103-HgR may have suppressed the magnitude of the immune response. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of producing multivalent live oral attenuated vaccines.
Combined vaccination against yellow fever and typhoid fever: a comparative trial.
In order to evaluate a combination of yellow fever and typhoid fever vaccine, we conducted a controlled trial comparing reactogenicity and immunogenicity of Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) vaccine and yellow fever 17D (YF) vaccine after single, simultaneous and combined administration. The combined YF/ViPS vaccine was prepared by using the liquid ViPS vaccine as a diluent for the YF vaccine. The stability of such a reconstitution had been assessed in vitro. Safety was evaluated using a self-surveillance form and by repeated clinical visits. Immunogenicity was evaluated by a plaque reduction test for YF and by radioimmunoassay for ViPS. Tolerability was satisfactory in all groups. There was no increase in local or general reactions in groups receiving both vaccines, whether given simultaneously or combined. The serological response to ViPS was similar after single and simultaneous or combined administration. Interestingly, the immune response to YF was significantly enhanced in groups receiving the vaccines simultaneously or combined, suggesting a potential adjuvant effect of ViPS.
Incidence of antisperm antibodies in patients with carcinoma of the testis and in subfertile men with normogonadotropic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.
The incidence and the clinical relevance of sperm-reactive antibodies in subfertile men and in testicular cancer patients were assessed in a pilot study. The sera of 42 men with normogonadotropic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT syndrome, n = 20) or carcinoma of the testis after inguinal semicastration (n = 22) were analyzed for agglutinating antisperm antibodies using fluorescein-labeled antiglobulin. In the group with the OAT syndrome, the incidence of sperm-reactive antibodies was only 5%, which is comparable to that in normal fertile men. Although the incidence of 18% in the testicular cancer patients was markedly higher, only 2 of the patients in question had abnormal spermiograms, which in one case could, moreover, be explained by previous radiation therapy. In summary in this small group of patients, serum monitoring for sperm-reactive antibodies appeared to be of limited clinical relevance in patients with the OAT syndrome and in testicular cancer patients.
[Prevention of traveler's diarrhea with Saccharomyces boulardii. Results of a placebo controlled double-blind study].
BASIC REMARKS: Among travellers to distant countries with a low socioeconomic status and poor hygiene, traveller's diarrhea is a major problem. Once this epidemiological fact had been recognized, intensive efforts were made to reduce the incidence of this illness by prophylactic medication. Among non-antibiotic substances investigated, Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) appeared to show promising results in earlier studies. METHOD: In a placebo-controlled, double-blind study, various dosages (250 mg and 1,000 mg SB) were administered prophylactically to 3,000 Austrian travellers to distant regions. RESULTS: A significant reduction in the incidence of diarrhea was observed, with success depending directly on the rigorous use of the preparation. A tendency was noted for SB to have a varying regional effect, which was particularly marked in North Africa and in the Near-east (Turkey!); in addition, the effect also proved to be dose-dependent. The medication can be classified as low on side effects.
Compliance of Austrian tourists with prophylactic measures.
Physicians dealing with prophylactic measures for tourists going to developing countries will often not be able to foresee the outcome of their recommendations. Therefore an open study with 2,627 Austrian tourists on their flight home from a tropical destination was carried out to evaluate the behaviour of typical short-term travellers with respect to different kinds of precautionary measures. 94.1% of all tourists informed themselves before travelling abroad, but a high proportion of travellers tends to contact only their travel agency or their personal friends, this leading to inadequate information. Regarding the individual performance of precautionary measures the results indicate a few principal conclusions: Among the recommended inoculations the vaccinations against typhoid fever, poliomyelitis and tetanus are widely underestimated, the latter two in particular for adults, while compliance with the passive immunization against Hepatitis A is generally good (more than 80% of all travellers receive Hepatitis A immunoglobulins prophylactically). The most crucial point seems to be the chemoprophylaxis against malaria in as much as a) there seems to be a considerable lack of information about malaria endemic areas among physicians, b) tourists tend to use the most simple applicable drug unaware of epidemiological considerations and c) the regular intake of chemoprophylaxis declines significantly with the complexity of the intake procedure. In addition, tourists are in general well informed about nutritional risks, but only half of them will receive adequate information on the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and a basic medical travel kit.
[Malaria vaccination: status of development and prospects].
The development of an active immunization against malaria is a major goal of scientific research for the last 10 years. While basic information about immunologic relevant epitopes for vaccine development are already available it must be conceded that there is a far way to a clinically available vaccine which is effective, well tolerated and--cheap. This review deals with the present difficulties for vaccine development and their approach to reality. It is tempting to speculate that control and eradication of malaria by the use of vaccines will be a challenge for the next 2 generations at least.