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Biomedical subjects

H Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to H Kojima.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Anorexia nervosa with neutropenia--response of neutrophils to G-CSF].

A 50-year-old woman with anorexia nervosa was admitted for evaluation of neutropenia (WBC 1,600/microliters). Her bone marrow was gelatinous, and myeloid cells had decreased. Homogeneous substance deposited in the marrow, stained by alcian blue (pH 2.5), indicative of acid mucopolysaccharides. CFU-G and CFU-GM were decreased in number and myeloid pool in the bone marrow also decreased. Anti-neutrophilic antibody was negative. Neutropenia may be related to myeloid hypoplasia, due to increase of acid mucopolysaccharides replacing adipose cells in the bone marrow under long-term mal-nutritional state. Neutrophils markedly increased by administration of rhG-CSF 5.0 micrograms/kg/day for 14 days without the first peak. Serum G-CSF level did not increase (less than 60 pg/ml). It is effective to administer G-CSF to anorexia nervosa with neutropenia.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1992

Characteristic distribution of glycolipids in gadoid fish nerve tissues and its bearing on phylogeny.

Glycolipids were isolated from nerve tissues of gadoid fishes including Alaskan pollack and Pacific cod. Their chemical structures were determined by gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their constituents were analyzed in detail and compared with those of glycolipids from other fish groups. The results revealed that gadoid fish nerve membranes contain peculiar glycolipid molecular species that are distinctly different from those in other teleostean fishes and higher vertebrates. The mole percentage ratio of the four major glycolipids (cerebroside-sulfatide-galactosylglyceride-sulfogalactosylglyce ride) was 48:12:25:15, indicating profound accumulation of glycoglycerolipids. Galactosylglyceride and sulfogalactosylglyceride were primarily of the diacyl type (greater than 90%), the major fatty acids being 16:0 and 18:1. An abundance of glucocerebroside (25 to 55% of cerebroside) and its fatty acid ester (37 to 47% of ester cerebroside) was noted. Cerebroside and sulfatide were characterized by the absence of hydroxy and odd numbered fatty acids, and 24:1 acid was a predominant component of both glucocerebroside and galactocerebroside. Subcellular fractionation revealed that myelin membranes comprised such unusual glycolipid constituents as those seen in whole nerve tissues. A vertebrate whose nerve membranes consist of such peculiar glycolipid molecules has not previously been reported. The characteristics of the glycolipid composition in gadoid fishes are discussed in relation to myelin functions, physicochemical properties of nerve membranes, and the phylogenic significance of this fish group.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Clinicopathological study of 6 cases of mantle zone lymphoma].

Clinicopathological analyses of 6 cases of mantle zone lymphoma (MZL) were carried out. The median age of the patients was 62 years with a range of 41 to 71 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Superficial lymph node (LN) swelling was present only in 2 patients. Giant LN swellings of the mesenteric or inguinal regions were present in 4, and bone marrow involvement by lymphoma cells in 5. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal protein of IgM kappa type in 2 patients. One of these also had polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. An immunohistochemical study of 6 patients revealed LN-1-(-)+, LN-2+(-)++, sIgM+, sIgD+, CALLA +/-(-)+, DRC-1+(-)++. The immunohistochemical features of the cases were similar to those of small lymphocytic lymphoma or follicular lymphoma. Only 1 patients out of 6 achieved complete remission. Two patients died, one of pneumonia after chemotherapy and the other of cancer. The others were alive 4 to 100 months after the diagnoses. Although giant LN swelling and bone marrow involvement of lymphoma cells which were refractory to treatments were frequently observed, we consider MZL to be a slowly progressive and low-grade type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

HTLV-I associated gastric lymphoma.

A large gastric lymphoma was detected in a 42-year-old woman who was seropositive for HTLV-I. The tumor was histologically shown to be of diffuse large cell type, and phenotypic analysis revealed high expression of CD3 and CD4, indicative of a helper/inducer type of T-cell lymphoma. In Southern blot analyses, the tumor cells showed T-cell receptor re-arrangement and contained proviral DNA of HTLV-1.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Remarkable hepatic vein-to-vein anastomoses in giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver: a case report.

Intrahepatic venous collaterals develop in Budd-Chiari syndrome, hepatomas, and other tumors if the hepatic veins are obstructed. In portal hypertension hepatic vein-to-vein anastomoses develop without obstruction of the hepatic veins. In a 53-year-old woman with giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver, hepatic venography demonstrated remarkable hepatic vein-to-vein anastomoses in the periphery of the hepatic veins without venous obstruction, accompanied with low wedged hepatic vein pressure. The hemodynamic change of the liver may cause this abnormality because of the large blood space of the hemangioma. Pathological examination of the resected liver apart from the tumor confirmed numerous deformations and dilatations of the central veins not found in the normal liver, in the area of hepatic vein-to-vein anastomoses shown by venography. Clinically, atypical hepatic resection is possible by maintaining a drainage vein to preserve as much of the normal liver as possible. Hepatic venography, as well as hepatic angiography, gives important information about the liver.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Rearrangement of immunoglobulin light chain and heavy chain constant region genes in multiple myeloma].

We analysed immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements in 28 patients with multiple myeloma by Southern hybridization method. We used 5 probes which cover C kappa and kappa de loci of Ig light chain kappa gene, and JH, 5'S mu and S gamma 3 loci of Ig heavy chain gene. In 11 out of 12 patients with kappa-producing myeloma, DNA rearrangements were observed using C kappa probe. Among them, kappa de region was rearranged in 7 patients and kept germline configuration in 4 patients. In all of 14 patients with lambda-producing myeloma, C kappa region was deleted and kappa de region was rearranged. 5'S mu-probe was very useful for detecting class switch recombination, and furthermore by using S gamma-probe together, S mu-S gamma joining could be detected. In all of 10 patients with gamma-producing myeloma, 5'S mu and S gamma-probes detected the rearranged band of the same size on at least 1 allele, which suggested the presence of S mu-S gamma joinings. In 8 of 10 patients with Bence-Jones myeloma, 5'S mu-probe detected rearranged bands and the presence of class switch recombinations were suggested as observed in other Ig secretory myelomas. In other 2 patients with Bence-Jones myeloma, non-functional class switch recombinations were detected. The results of this study indicated that genotypes corresponded well to phenotypes in multiple myeloma, and further analysis in other types of B cell malignancies will be interesting.

Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain↗
PubMed1991

Inhibitory effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor therapy on the generation of natural killer cells.

We investigated the effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) therapy on the natural killer (NK) cell lineage in patients with aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Selected bone marrow (BM) cells were prepared by the elimination of nylon wool-adherent cells and mature T and NK cells from BM cells. The frequency of BM NK progenitors relative to BM cells selected was significantly decreased 4 weeks after the start of rhGM-CSF therapy (P less than .01), while the peripheral blood NK cell count and NK activity were also significantly decreased (P less than .05). A return to the pretreatment levels was seen 4 weeks after the cessation of treatment in all cases. No suppressive effect was noted in the patients who received rhG-CSF therapy. These results suggest that rhGM-CSF therapy suppresses the generation of NK cells from human BM NK progenitors.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1991

In-vivo processing of the initiator methionine from recombinant methionyl human interleukin-6 synthesized in Escherichia coli overproducing aminopeptidase-P.

Human interleukin 6 (hIL-6) overproduced in Escherichia coli HB101 was found to partially retain the initiator methionine (Met) residue (Met-hIL-6). In order to remove the residual N-terminal Met in vivo, an attempt was made to express hIL-6 in aminopeptidase-P (Ap-P)-hyperproducing strains, since the N-terminus Met-Pro- structure of nascent recombinant hIL-6 has been shown to be a favoured substrate of the enzyme in vitro. Using a mutant with duplicated Ap-P genes (pepP) on a chromosome or some recombinant strains overproducing Ap-P, we have succeeded in removing the initiator Met from Met-hIL-6 in vivo. The content of the mature product without the initiator Met in the pepP recombinant strains could be increased to approximately 99% from 85%.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

In vitro stimulation of glucose utilization by insulin in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.

The effect of glucose concentration and insulin on glucose incorporation was studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The rate of glucose incorporation into hepatocytes was proportional to the medium glucose concentration from 100 to 800 mg/dl. At 800 mg/dl glucose the rate reached a plateau. Of the glucose taken up by hepatocytes, 16 and 18% was incorporated into glycogen and lipid, respectively, and 58% into the nucleotide fraction after incubation for 4 h. In the medium, lactate was the major product found. Insulin stimulates glucose incorporation by 20-112% into all the above pathways at glucose concentrations between 100 and 800 mg/dl. The insulin effect was noted as early as 2-4 h (early effect) and up to 24 h (delayed effect). This effect of insulin was observed to be dose dependent from 5 to 200 ng/ml insulin. While the delayed insulin effect was abolished by cycloheximide, the early effect of insulin was not affected. With respect to the key enzyme activities of glucose utilization, activation of glycogen synthase (increase of I-activity/total activity) and pyruvate kinase (activation at 0.2 mM phosphoenolpyruvate) was noted 4 h after insulin addition, and these effects were not abolished by cycloheximide. These two enzymes increased in total activity after 24 h. Both glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities increased by 30-35% and 65-93% at 4 and 24 h, respectively. The results indicate that hepatocytes directly utilize glucose in a dose-dependent manner with respect to glucose and insulin. A major early and delayed effect of insulin appeared due to the activation and induction of the key hepatic enzymes of glucose utilization, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Primary seminoma of the seminal vesicle: report of a case.

We report on the clinical and histological findings of a primary extragonadal germ cell tumor that was proved to be a seminoma of the seminal vesicle. The patient had left ureteral obstruction at diagnosis. The testes were normal on physical and ultrasound examination, and the retroperitoneum was free of tumor. There was no recurrence 8 months postoperatively.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed1991

Antigen-specific directional target cell lysis by perforin-negative T lymphocyte clones.

Despite a number of reports indicating that perforin, a pore-forming protein, is the primary effector molecule mediating specific target cell lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), several lines of evidence suggest the existence of perforin-independent mechanisms. We established class II-restricted, soluble protein-specific CD4+ T cell clones with killing function which do not express a detectable amount of perforin and perforin mRNA. Nevertheless, these clones induced cytolysis and DNA fragmentation of target cells in a specific and highly directional manner which was not inhibitable by antibody against TNF/lymphotoxin. These data not only indicate the existence of cytotoxic T cell subsets which do not utilize perforin, but also suggest that perforin is not mandatory for specific target lysis by T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Acute aggravation of subdural effusion associated with pachymeningitis carcinomatosa: case report.

The authors present a case of acute aggravation of subdural effusion associated with pachymeningitis carcinomatosa. Microscopic examination of a surgical specimen revealed diffuse involvement of the dura mater by a metastatic adenocarcinoma in which the tumor cells invaded venules located in the areolar layer in particular. The rapid increase in capillary transmural pressure resulted in extravasation of plasma components, causing an increase in subdural effusion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Mechanism of electrographic seizure generation in the rat brain slice in low magnesium medium: modulatory effect of interictal bursting on seizure generation.

In order to understand the mechanisms underlying seizure generation, the present study investigated the functional and anatomical interaction between seizures and interictal bursts. Bathing rat brain slices of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in zero magnesium medium elicited electrographic seizures. In the later period, the electrographic seizures were eventually replaced by the interictal bursts. In this phase, lowering [K+]o and raising [Ca2+]o restored the tonic seizures by suppressing the interictal bursts. A multiple knife cut experiment revealed that the seizures arose in the entorhinal cortex and the interictal bursts originated in CA3. A selective knife cut across the subiculum showed that the interictal bursts, propagating from CA3 to the entorhinal cortex, disrupted and suppressed the electrographic seizures in standard Mg(2+)-free medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Electrical pacing for dynamic treatment of unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Experiment in long-denervated muscle.

In order to explore the possibility of clinical application of laryngeal pacing as a treatment for unilateral vocal cord paralysis, we examined the reactivity of atrophic muscle to electrical stimulation in dogs whose recurrent laryngeal nerves were damaged by crushing, dissection followed by resuturing, or a 3-cm neurectomy. The threshold level to induce enough vocal cord adduction reached the maximum at 2 weeks after nerve injury, decreased with time, and never surpassed 7 V in each case. On the basis of results of these preliminary probings, laryngeal pacing was conducted on a dog 15 months after resection of the laryngeal nerve. Adduction of the paralyzed vocal cord for synchrony with the intact cord was achieved by 7 V of electrical stimulation of the thyroarytenoid muscle that was triggered by signals from the cricothyroid muscle.

Animals↗