Transient anoxia induces seizure reappearance in rat brain slices bathed in magnesium-free medium.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Kojima
Publications and source records attributed to H Kojima.
Metamorphic changes in glycolipids and myelin proteins and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase in bullfrog and axolotl brains.
The metamorphic changes in levels of glycolipids and myelin proteins and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) in the brains of bullfrog tadpoles, adult frogs, and axolotls were investigated, with particular emphasis on myelin maturation. The concentrations of cerebroside, sulfatide, and galactosyldiacylglycerol gradually increased from the onset of prometamorphosis throughout the active metamorphic period and then greatly increased after metamorphosis was completed. The ratio of glucocerebroside to galactocerebroside increased greatly in the prometamorphic period and then rapidly decreased to the frog level during the climax period. The fatty acid compositions of cerebroside and sulfatide showed a developmental change, with 24:1 being more predominant in the later metamorphic stage. The proportion of hydroxy fatty acids increased up to the onset of the prometamorphic stage and thereafter remained constant at approximately 50% of the total. The CNP activity remained unchanged throughout metamorphosis at 60% that in frog myelin and increased in the adult frog. The composition of tadpole myelin proteins remained constant during metamorphosis, with large basic protein being the most abundant, and in the frog, proteolipid protein and large basic protein were present in comparable amounts. The two adult forms of axolotl, i.e., the neotenous and metamorphosed forms, exhibited almost identical myelin constituents, and CNP activity in the neotenous form amounted to one-fifth that in the bullfrog. These results indicate that active biosynthesis of myelin marker components occurs as metamorphosis proceeds, but more pronounced changes of myelin components occur after metamorphosis is completed.
2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase↗
Assessment of Chlamydia trachomatis-specific IgA and IgG serum antibodies in genitourinary Chlamydia trachomatis infection--comparative study between HITAZYME and IPAzyme.
We assessed the C. trachomatis antibody assay kit HITAZYME (Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) using clinical specimens. This kit is based on an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) which utilized purified Chlamydia trachomatis outer membrane antigen as the solid phase antigen. Twenty-nine untreated male urethritis patients, 816 pregnant housewives, 188 cervicitis patients, and 76 pelvic inflammatory disease patients were tested. Agreement between the HITAZYME test and antigen detection in infected area was assessed, and a comparison was made with IPAzyme (a commercially available indirect immunoperoxidase assay kit). 1) Summary of HITAZYME and IPAzyme IgA: Agreement between the two assays was relatively good, i.e., 82.6% (916/1109). However, 5.5% (61/1109) were HITAZYME (-), IPAzyme (+), and 11.9% (132/1109) were HITAZYME (+), IPAzyme (-). Thus, in quite a few cases the results did not agree. IgG: Agreement between the two assays was 73.7% (817/1109). Agreement was relatively low, 24.4% (271/1109) were HITAZYME (-), IPAzyme (+). 2) In the cases of disagreement, more specific Western blot analysis was performed to check the reactivity of the anti-C. trachomatis antibody. When IgA was used, agreement between HITAZYME and Western blot analysis was 69.6% (16/23), and agreement between IPAzyme and Western blot analysis was 30.4% (7/23), whereas when IgG was used, agreement between HITAZYME and Western blot analysis was 80.0% (12/15), and agreement between IPAzyme and Western blot analysis was 20.0% (3/15). There was significantly greater agreement with HITAZYME than with IPAzyme. In other words, HITAZYME had greater specificity when reacted with C. trachomatis antigen than IPAzyme. 3) The IgA antibody-positive rate in antigen (+) cases (male urethritis: 72.7%, pregnant housewives: 65.7%, cervicitis: 70.3%, pelvic inflammatory disease: 70.0%) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than in antigen (-) cases (male urethritis: 16.7%, pregnant housewives: 13.6%, cervicitis: 22.6%, pelvic inflammatory disease: 30.4%). Therefore, IgA antibody can serve as a suitable indicator for active infection. 4) The IgG antibody-positive rate in antigen (-) female cases was 15.5% using HITAZYME and significantly (p < 0.01) lower than with IPAzyme. HITAZYME had greater specificity than IPAzyme. In conclusion, HITAZYME has relatively good sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, since it is an EIA assay, it allows objective evaluation of results. It permits processing of a large number of specimens because it is easy to perform. Thus, HITAZYME is a superior antibody assay for C. trachomatis. It can be used when antigen tests are difficult to perform. It is strongly anticipated that HITAZYME will be able to be used clinically as a screening test.
Chlamydia Infections↗
Primary glomerulonephritis with predominant mesangial immunoglobulin G deposits--a distinct entity?
Six cases of primary glomerulonephritis with predominant IgG deposits in the mesangium are described on the basis of a review of renal-biopsy-proven 1,116 cases with primary glomerulonephritis between 1977 and 1990. All patients were female (6-52 years old). Six patients appeared with microscopic hematuria: 3 with episodes of gross hematuria and 3 with mild proteinuria, but none with the nephrotic syndrome. Renal function was normal except for 1 case (52 years old) complicated with hypertension. Serum levels of immunoglobulins and complements were almost normal. Morphologically minor or focal/segmental glomerular alterations were observed. Immunofluorescence showed that pure mesangial IgG deposition was characterized in all cases, whereas no IgA nor IgM was found in any of them. Mesangial deposition of C3 and C1q was observed in 4 and 3 cases, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed dense deposits within the mesangial area in all cases. The clinical course was benign, and the complication with systemic diseases like a rheumatic disease was not observed. This primary glomerulonephritis is an entity characterized by low incidence in Japan, mild abnormalities in urinalysis, minor glomerular alterations with predominant mesangial IgG deposits and a relative benign course.
Adolescent↗
Serotonin syndrome during clomipramine and lithium treatment.
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Clomipramine↗
Abnormal facilitative glucose transporter gene expression in human islet cell tumors.
Our previous studies have shown that increased expression of GLUT1/erythrocyte and GLUT3/brain type glucose transporter genes in human tumors is associated with cellular transformation. We have now determined the levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding these two glucose transporter isoforms as well as that of GLUT2/liver isoform in insulin-, glucagon-, and gastrin-secreting islet cell tumors. Northern blot analysis and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNA in all human islet cell tumors and normal islets examined. In contrast, GLUT2 mRNA, which is present at high levels in normal islets, was not detected in insulinomas or other types of islet cell tumors. These results imply that GLUT1 and GLUT3 are primarily responsible for glucose uptake by these tumors.
Base Sequence↗
[Quenching of ethidium-DNA fluorescence by novel acridines with antitumor activities. II. The structure-activity relationship in acridines with fluorescence quenching of ethidium-DNA].
In order to elucidate the structure-activity relationship between the antitumor activity and the molecular structure of novel DNA-intercalator acridine derivatives (1a-g and 2a-i in Chart 1), DNA-binding properties (intercalation) of these acridines were examined by quenching in the fluorescence of the ethidium-DNA complex. The mechanism of quenching is caused by the displacement of DNA-bound ethidium by a second DNA binding ligand, acridines. The concentration (C50 value) of acridine necessary to reduce the initial fluorescence of DNA-bound ethidium by 50% showed a good correlation with their antitumor activities. The quenching of fluorescence for acridines was examined using amsacrine (AMSA) as a typical standard of the second DNA-bound ligand, and calf thymus DNA with an apparent site size of two base pair. Some of the acridine derivatives showed more potent quenching of fluorescence than amsacrine (AMSA).
Acridines↗
Purification and properties of collagenase from Cytophaga sp. L43-1 strain.
A collagenolytic bacterial strain was isolated from soil and was identified as Cytophaga sp. It produced several kinds of collagenase and protease. From the supernatant of a culture, a collagenase was purified as a single protein band upon SDS-PAGE and its molecular mass was estimated to be 120 kDa. Collagen and gelatin were good substrates for this enzyme. beta-Casein was cleaved by this enzyme at several sites.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[[Trends in marriage and fertility in Japan: major findings from the Tenth Japanese National Fertility Survey]].
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Asia↗
A policy-oriented analysis of fertility behaviors and attitudes in Japan.
"This study aims to assess the potential effects and the potential targets of possible pronatalistic family policies in Japan." The author considers the impact on family size of income, wife's employment status, home ownership and indebtedness, and living in the parental home. (SUMMARY IN JPN)
Asia↗
[Effect of THP-CVP regimen for elderly patients with malignant lymphoma].
Between April 1990 and June 1992, a multicenter clinical trial of chemotherapy regimens was performed with patients, aged 65 years or more, suffering from malignant lymphoma. The total number of patients was 38 included 30 initial cases (median age: 72) and 8 relapsed cases (79). The chemotherapy regimen, administered every 3 weeks, included pirarubicin (30 mg/m2; day 1), cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2; day 1), vindesine (1.5 mg/m2; day 1), and prednisolone (40 mg/m2; days 1-5) for the initial cases, and etoposide (100 mg/m2; days 1-5) in addition for relapse cases. The complete response and partial response rates were 50.0% and 40.0% in initial cases, respectively, and 50.0% and 0% in relapsed cases, respectively. The 50% survival period was 25.9 months in initial cases and 18.0 months in relapse cases. There were no serious side effects related to the regimens. Performance status deteriorated in only one case after chemotherapy. We concluded that the chemotherapy regimens were useful and safe for elderly patients with malignant lymphoma.
Aged↗
General pharmacological profile of the new anti-ulcer drug 3-[[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl]methyl]-amino-N -methylbenzamide.
Pharmacological properties of the anti-ulcer drug 3-[[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl] methyl]-amino-N-methylbenzamide (DQ-2511, CAS 104775-36-2) on the central and autonomic nervous systems, smooth muscle, gastrointestinal system, and other miscellaneous systems were investigated. 1. DQ-2511 showed little or no influence on general behavior, spontaneous motor activity, hexobarbital sleeping time (mouse), conditioned avoidance response (rat), body temperature (rabbit), EEG or spinal reflex (cat) after oral administration (300-1000 mg/kg) or intravenous injection (15, 50 mg/kg). It also had no anticonvulsant or analgesic activities (mouse). 2. DQ-2511 had no influence on pupil size (rabbit). It reduced or tended to reduce contractile responses of the nictitating membrane induced by electrical stimulation of pre- and post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve (cat) at the highest dose. The drug inhibited the pressor response to norepinephrine, but had little or no inhibitory effect on the depressor response to acetylcholine at the highest dose (dog). 3. DQ-2511 reduced contractile responses to nicotine, BaCl2, acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin (isolated guinea pig ileum), to acetylcholine and histamine (trachea), and to norepinephrine (vas deferens) at high concentrations. It also inhibited spontaneous and oxytocin-induced motility (isolated rat uterus). 4. DQ-2511 decreased gastric motility in a dose-related manner at intravenous doses of 5-50 mg/kg (dog). It also reduced gastric emptying rate at oral doses of 100-1000 mg/kg, and gastric secretion at intraperitoneal doses of 100-300 mg/kg (rat). On the other hand, it induced no definite changes in intestinal motility (dog) or gastrointestinal transit (mouse).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[A study of toxicities and complications observed in alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy (CAMBO-VIP) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
Thirty-nine patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with weekly alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy (CAMBO-VIP). We obtained a high response rate, and prolonged disease-free survival with side effects and complications of various severity were observed. Three patients were withdrawn from the study due to aggravation of liver cirrhosis, cerebral infarction, and poor tolerance. Thirty-six patients completed this 12-week intensive chemotherapy. The median treatment delay in all patients was 3 days (-4 to 29 days), and a delay of over 15 days was seen in 5 patients. The nadir of the neutrophil count was 0 to 2,100/microliters (median 140/microliters), and 15 patients were below 100/microliters. Two patients had pneumonia and 4 had herpes zoster infection. The platelet count nadir was 20,000 to 240,000/microliters (median 90,000/microliters). Ten patients were below 50,000/microliters, but none required platelet transfusion. Red cell transfusion was given in 6 patients. Elevation of transaminases was seen in 25 patients, but it was not serious except for a patient with liver cirrhosis. The elevation of serum LDH level and decrease of serum haptoglobin level seen shortly after completion of treatment seemed due to the increased blood cell destruction. Stomatitis was observed in 32 patients, 17 of whom showed more than grade 3 toxicity. Blister formation on palms and/or soles was noted in 6 patients. There was no treatment-related death observed.
Adolescent↗
[A new cell line derived from a nude mouse resembling human large cell lung cancer].
Tumor cells derived from a metastatic mediastinal lymph node of a thirty six year old man with large cell lung cancer were transplanted into the subcapsule of the kidney of a nude mouse. The growing tumor was transplanted into a nude mouse twice and, thereafter, cultured in vitro. After the twelfth passage in vitro, the cell (NUTIY) was transplanted into subcutaneous tissue of a nude mouse and formed a rapidly growing tumor, showing the histological pattern similar to the large cell lung cancer of the patient. However, the chromosomal analysis revealed only murine chromosomes for NUTIY and any transfected human genes were not found in the genes of NUTIY by means of Alu probe. H-ras oncogene of NUTIY was amplified 4 folds, but that of the primary lung cancer and the metastatic lymph node of the patient was on a level with normal cells. NUTIY might be a cancer cell which a murine cell had been transformed into by some carcinogen in vitro.
Adult↗
[Rearrangements of immunoglobulin light chain and heavy chain constant region genes in B-cell malignancies].
We analyzed immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements in 69 patients with B-cell malignancies by Southern hybridization. We used 5 probes which covered JH 5'S mu and S gamma 3 loci of the Ig heavy (IgH) chain gene, and C kappa and kappa de loci of the Ig light (IgL) chain kappa gene, respectively. DNA rearrangements were observed in 68 out of the 69 patients using the JH probe. In 97% (33/34) of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 100% (5/5) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 42% (10/24) of non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (non-T ALL), and in 0% (0/4) of chronic myelogenous leukemia lymphoid crisis (CML-LBC), the rearrangements were detected by C kappa and/or kappa de probes. Furthermore, the genotype of the light chain was defined by rearrangement patterns of these 2 probes. The by using the 5'S mu-probe, class switch recombinations were detected in 76% (25/33) of NHL, 20% (1/5) of CLL, 17% (4/24) of non-T ALL, and in 0% (0/4) of CML-LBC. Among them, 1 case of IgM NHL and 3 cases of double bearer NHL had rearranged on both IgH alleles by the constant region. The results of this study indicate that genotypes correspond well to phenotypes of B-cell malignancies and that the determination of genotype will be useful for making an exact diagnosis of B-cell malignancies.
DNA, Neoplasm↗
[Treatment of elderly patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].
We report a therapeutic protocol for elderly patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and related conditions. Twelve chronic ITP patients over 60 years of age (elderly group), and 40, 59 years old or less (young group) were evaluated in this study. The therapeutic protocol for ITP, proposed by the Japanese Idiopathic Disease of Hematopoietic Organ Research Committee, was modified for the elderly (group) as follows: the initial dosage of prednisolone was reduced by half and danazol therapy was selected in cases in which splenectomy was impossible. Platelet counts and PAIgG showed no significant difference between the two groups. All 12 elderly patients were initially treated with prednisolone, and five patients responded to it. Among the seven non-responders, four patients underwent splenectomy, and the three three others (non splenectomized patients) were treated with danazol. Platelet counts were maintained over 150 x 10(3)/microliters in eleven patients except one splenectomized patient. The outcome in the elderly ITP group was better than in the young group.
Adult↗
Low-energy incommensurate spin excitations in superconducting La1.85Sr0.15CuO4.
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Journal Article↗
Suppression of interictal bursting in hippocampus unleashes seizures in entorhinal cortex: a proepileptic effect of lowering [K+]o and raising [Ca2+]o.
The relation between interictal bursts (IIBs) and seizures in epilepsy is obscure. Results from some human and animal studies suggest that IIBs may actually suppress seizure activity. This appears particularly true in the zero magnesium in vitro seizure model. Here we provide new evidence in support of this and new insight into the mechanisms of seizure suppression in this model. Brain slices containing hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were bathed in zero magnesium medium. Electrographic seizures appeared, then were replaced by IIBs. Upon lowering [K+]o and raising [Ca2+]o the IIBs disappeared and the seizures reappeared. Repeated stimuli mimicking IIBs then suppressed seizures again. Selective knife cuts revealed that the IIBs originated in the hippocampus (area CA3) whereas the seizures originated in entorhinal cortex. These results confirm that IIBs suppress seizures in the zero magnesium model. They also show that an important aspect of the interaction between IIBs and seizures in this model is the anatomical segregation of their respective sites of origin. This may apply in other models and in human epilepsy as well. Finally, these results illustrate that one consequence of the anatomical segregation and mutual interaction of IIBs and seizures is that influences which are locally pro- or antiepileptic can have opposite effects in a broader region.
Action Potentials↗