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Biomedical subjects

H Kohno

Publications and source records attributed to H Kohno.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Vasospasm after traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage: transcranial Doppler evaluation. Case report.

A case of vasospasm after traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is reported here. Transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD) was used to evaluate mean flow velocity (MFV) changes of the basal cerebral arteries related to vasospasm. Acceleration of MFV of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) indicating vasospasm was first noted on TCD evaluation, and then proved by carotid angiography (CAG). Evaluation of all TCD results revealed that the process of relaxation or normalization of the spastic artery started from the proximal side of the basal intracranial artery and gradually moving to the distal side. This interesting phenomenon could be a common process found in vasospasm cases.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1991

Modulation of the immune response to tumors by a novel synthetic compound, (4R)-3-benzoyl-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxamide (RS-0481).

RS-0481, (4R)-3-benzoyl-N-[(1R)-phenylethyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxamide, is a compound that can re-establish the function of certain lymphoid cell populations impaired by the presence of a growing tumor in an animal. The compound markedly augmented the tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, TDTH (delayed-type hypersensitivity T cells), and the nonspecific lymphokine-activated-killer-cell-like cell responses. It also enhanced the tumor-inhibitory effect of macrophages in tumor-bearing mice, but not in normal mice, indicating that it enhances the antitumor immune responses. Lymphocytes from RS-0481-treated tumor-bearing mice released significantly higher amounts of macrophage-activating factor(s) (MAF) and interleukin-2(IL-2)-like factors in culture compared with lymphocytes from untreated animals. Also, sera from treated tumor bearers showed elevated colony-stimulating factor (CSF) activity. Although the compound did not influence the factor-producing activity in mice without tumor, it enhanced the responsiveness of their bone marrow cells, T cells, and macrophages to CSF, IL-2, and MAF. It seems therefore possible that the compound enhances the responsiveness of immunocompetent cells to cytokines, resulting in a marked augmentation of antitumor T cell responses in tumor-bearing mice. Consistently it inhibited the development of lymph node metastasis of transplanted X5563 plasmacytoma, and we showed that T cells play a decisive role in this inhibition. The compound also counteracted the development of suppressor T cell activity in the spleen of tumor-bearing mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

Sensitive detection of anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type I IgG in human serum by a novel enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant gag-env hybrid protein as antigen.

Anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type I IgG (anti-HTLV-I IgG) in human serum was detected with high sensitivity by a novel enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant gag(14-139)-env(197-295) hybrid protein. Anti-HTLV-I IgG in test serum was reacted simultaneously with dinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin-recombinant gag-env hybrid protein conjugate and recombinant gag-env hybrid protein-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. The complex formed of the three components was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity-purified anti-dinitrophenyl group IgG. After washing the polystyrene balls to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum and excess of the peroxidase conjugate, the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with dinitrophenyl-L-lysine and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with affinity-purified anti-human IgG gamma-chain IgG. Peroxidase activity bound to the polystyrene balls was remarkably reduced by transfer of the complex and the detection limit of anti-HTLV-I IgG in serum was lowered 300 to 3000-fold compared with that by Western blotting and the conventional enzyme immunoassay, in which a recombinant gag-env hybrid protein-coated polystyrene ball was incubated with the test serum and, after washing, with anti-human IgG gamma-chain Fab'-peroxidase conjugate. The immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay may overcome some difficulties with currently used methods.

Gene Products, env↗
PubMed1991

Studies on 67Ga uptake by mouse granuloma tissues.

In connection with the uptake of 67Ga into the inflammatory tissues, such as granuloma tissues produced with turpentine oil, the influence of Fe3+ on the uptake of 67Ga into mouse granuloma and normal tissues and on the uptake of 125I-labeled transferrin and 59Fe were investigated. Fe3+ decreased the uptake of 67Ga into the liver and spleen, but had no influence on the uptake of 67Ga into the granuloma tissues. The uptake patterns of 125I-labeled transferrin and 59Fe in the granuloma tissues were not consistent with that of 67Ga at all. These results show that the uptake of 67Ga into the granuloma tissues occurs in a free, transferrin-unbound form, but into the liver and spleen in a transferrin-bound form.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Fluorometric determination of isoniazid and its metabolites in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using in-line derivatization.

A rapid, simple, and accurate method has been developed for the determination of isoniazid and its metabolites (isonicotinic acid, isonicotinylglycine, and acetylisoniazid) in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Isoniazid and its metabolites are separated by reversed-phase ion-exchange chromatography with a mobile phase containing hydrogen peroxide as a fluorogenic reagent and butanesulfonate as a hydrophobic ion exchanger, and are detected by fluorometry (excitation at 317 nm and emission at 415 nm) using in-line derivatization at high temperature (160 degrees C). The detection limits are isonicotinic acid, 0.5 mumol/L; isonicotinylglycine, 1 mumol/L; acetylisoniazid, 1 mumol/L; and isoniazid, 1.5 mumol/L. This method can be applied for acetylator phenotyping.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver in dogs by cyclosporine. A comparative study with allopurinol and methylprednisolone.

The effects of pretreatment with cyclosporine, allopurinol, or methylprednisolone on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver were investigated. A total of 32 adult mongrel dogs that received one of the pretreatments were divided into four groups and were subjected to 90 min liver ischemia. Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (s-AST) and lactate dehydrogenase, (s-LDH) as well as animal survivals were used as indicators of liver injury. The elevation of both s-AST and s-LDH was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with cyclosporine as much as by allopurinol. However a significant improvement in animal survival was obtained only in the cyclosporine-pretreated group. Pretreatment with methylprednisolone did not affect either the activities of s-AST and s-LDH or animal survivals when compared with the control group. These data suggest that cyclosporine is a potent protector against ischemic liver injury--as effective as allopurinol or methylprednisolone. Although the precise mechanism of the effect of cyclosporine on liver ischemia still remains unknown, these observations may be of use in liver transplantation.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1991

Beneficial effect of cyclosporine pretreatment in canine liver ischemia. Enzymatic and electronmicroscopic studies.

The effect of cyclosporine on hepatic ischemia was investigated. Hepatic ischemia was produced for 90 min in mongrel dogs. Experimental dogs were divided into three groups as follows: group A (control group), group B (CsA pretreatment group), group C (CsA posttreatment group). CsA was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight/day for 3 days in the pre- or postoperative period. Survival rates were 61.5% in group A, 84.6% in group B, and 30.8% in group C. Enzymatic activity such as aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase was highest in group C, lowest in group B, and intermediate in group A. Opposite results were obtained for serum albumin concentrations. The mechanisms of the effect was investigated using a 60-min hepatic ischemia model. Serum levels of beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase in group B were lower than those in group A and group C. Electronmicroscopic specimens taken at 16 h after 60-min hepatic ischemia demonstrated that the extent of ischemic injury was mildest in group B. The present study demonstrated a beneficial effect on hepatic ischemia of CsA administered for 3 days prior to the ischemia. One of the mechanisms for this beneficial effect could be the stabilization of lysosomal membranes. These results suggest that CsA should be administered to a donor before organ harvesting for liver transplantation because of this beneficial effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Primary gastric T-cell lymphoma with manifold histologic appearances.

A rare case of malignant T-cell lymphoma with manifold histologic appearances was described. The lymphoma occurred in the stomach of a 50-year-old Japanese male. Grossly, the lymphoma exhibited a deeply ulcerated mass. Histologically, in addition to diffuse infiltrate of large lymphoid cells with deeply indented nuclei, there were many epithelioid cell granulomas, remarkable tissue eosinophilia and stromal fibrosis, mimicking inflammatory disease. Immunohistochemical studies and a gene analysis demonstrated the T-cell phenotype.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

alpha Fetoprotein producing early gastric cancer with liver metastasis: report of three cases.

Three cases of alpha fetoprotein producing early gastric cancer are presented. Liver metastases occurred in all patients shortly after curative gastrectomy and all died within two years. The incidence of liver metastasis was significantly higher than that in alpha fetoprotein negative early gastric carcinoma (p less than 0.001). The incidences of lymph node metastasis and invasion in lymph vessels and veins were also substantially higher in this group of patients. Two radical hepatic resections, including extended right lobectomy, were performed on one patient but the tumour recurred immediately.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Plasma lysosomal enzymes after liver transplantation in the pig.

During liver transplantation in the pig, the plasma activities of beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase were elevated as early as 15 min after establishing the hepatic circulation. The enzyme activities peaked at 3 h and returned to the initial level within 2-3 days. However, such substantial alterations were not observed in other enzymes, alpha-mannosidase and alpha-glucosidase. Similar reactions to those of the first three enzymes were found in aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase but with later peaks and slower eliminations. In light of the current study, the serial estimation of acid hydrolases may be useful to discover the extent of tissue injury and also to evaluate the effectiveness of various organ-preservation methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Changes in ingestive behavior induced by intracranial injection of spermine.

Effect of intracranial injection of spermine on feeding and drinking behavior was studied in rats. A significant and long-term suppression of feeding and drinking behavior appeared when 30 nmol/hemisphere of spermine was bilaterally injected into the lateral hypothalamic area, substantia nigra or ventral noradrenergic bundle. Micro-injected spermine into the medial amygdaloid nucleus produced a weak and short-time but significant suppression of ingestive behavior. On the other hand, a significant increase in feeding and drinking behavior was observed when spermine was injected into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. These results suggest that spermine inhibits neuronal activity of all the brain regions studied here.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Internalization model using rat liver plasma membrane for receptor-mediated endocytosis of epidermal growth factor.

We have demonstrated the internalization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) using membrane isolated from rat liver. The isolated membrane exhibited a saturation curve of the binding of 125I-EGF. Furthermore, competition between the binding of 125I-EGF and unlabeled EGF to the isolated membrane was observed. These results were similar to those obtained from whole hepatocytes. In order to confirm whether or not the present experimental system using the isolated membrane can be used for the study of receptor-mediated endocytosis, the internalization of pre-bound EGF in the isolated membrane was assessed by two different methods. First, acid-insensitive 125I-EGF time-dependently increased following incubation at 37 degrees C. Secondly, EGF became inaccessible to the exogenous 125I-anti-EGF antibody when under the same condition. These processes were dependent on adenosine triphosphate, but independent of Ca2+ and stimulated by guanosine triphosphate. These results demonstrate that receptor-mediated endocytosis occurred in the isolated membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Selenium antagonizes the induction of human heme oxygenase by arsenite and cadmium ions.

Effects of selenium compounds on the induction of heme oxygenase in human cells exposed to sodium arsenite or cadmium chloride have been investigated by an immunoblotting technique. Exposure of HeLa cells to arsenite or cadmium ions caused a marked increase in the synthesis of heme oxygenase, and the presence of sodium selenite suppressed the induction. DL-Selenocystine was an effective suppressor, and sodium selenate was less effective. DL-Selenomethionine had no effect. Northern blot analysis showed that selenite abolished the induction of heme oxygenase mRNA in the cells exposed to arsenite or cadmium ions. These results indicated that selenium antagonizes the induction of heme oxygenase by heavy metals ions.

Arsenic↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of immediate delivery on the fetus with reverse end-diastolic flow velocity in umbilical artery velocimetry].

Reverse end-diastolic flow velocity suggests a catastrophic fetal condition. Some authors have suggested that perinatal management of these pregnancies should be more aggressive. Despite increased opportunities to use Doppler ultrasonography, guidelines for clinical management of such pregnancies have not been established. We have applied immediate delivery to 6 patients out of 7 patients who showed reverse end-diastolic flow velocity. When the study population was compared with the population of the other authors, there were no differences in gestational age at diagnosis, birth weight, or incidence of maternal hypertension. However, the study patients were delivered at significantly higher Apgar scores and had a lower perinatal mortality rate. These results suggest that immediate delivery of the fetus with reverse end-diastolic flow may be correlated with a favorable perinatal outcome.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1991

Modulation of epidermal growth factor binding to receptor by isoproterenol and cholera toxin in primary cultured hepatocytes.

The treatment of rat hepatocytes with isoproterenol induced the increase in the affinity of high affinity binding sites and the decrease in the number of low affinity binding sites of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Similar results were obtained from the pretreatment of hepatocytes with cholera toxin. These results suggest that adenylate cyclase affects the affinity and number of EGF-receptor in hepatocytes.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1991

[Permanent cardiac pacing in patients on chronic dialysis].

Four patients on chronic dialysis, who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation, were reviewed. The indication for pacing was sick sinus syndrome in three patients and complete atrioventricular block in one. Physiological pacing modes were chosen in all patients (DDD in three and AAI in one). Sensing and pacing properties in these patients studied at implantation and at follow-up (22-41 months after implantation) were similar as those in non-dialysis patients. However, the study of these properties during hemodialysis showed a significant elevation of atrial pacing threshold associated with marked decrease of serum potassium concentration in two patients. We conclude that dialysis patients with significant bradyarrhythmia should be considered for pacemaker implantation in the same manner as non-dialysis patients. However, special attention should be payed on the elevation of pacing threshold during hemodialysis.

Aged↗