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Biomedical subjects

H Kohda

Publications and source records attributed to H Kohda.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A case of type B chronic hepatitis showing rapid progression to liver cirrhosis with prolonged positive IgM anti-HBc].

We reported a case of type B chronic hepatitis with high titer of IgM anti-HBc continuously, which progressed to liver cirrhosis rapidly. The patient was a 37-years-old man, and was diagnosed as chronic type B hepatitis with severe activity by laparoscopy and liver biopsy. The titer of IgM anti-HBc persisted high level for more than 2 years. Then the second liver biopsy showed the progression to liver cirrhosis within only about 2 years. It is a very rare case to prolong positive IgM anti-HBc for such a long time. Anti-HBc production of PBMC was enhanced remarkably in this case. We considered that HBc antigens released into serum from hepatocytes with severe exacerbations had enhanced the anti-HBc producing activity of B lymphocytes. And the rapid progression in this case would be due to the episodes of severe exacerbations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Potentiating effect of morphine upon d-methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia in mice. Effects of naloxone and haloperidol.

We have examined changes in rectal temperature of mice after subcutaneous administrations of d-methamphetamine alone or methamphetamine plus morphine. Methamphetamine 5 mg/kg produced slight hyperthermia, while simultaneous administration of morphine (25-100 mg/kg), which alone produces hypothermia, potentiated markedly the increase in body temperature by methamphetamine. Methamphetamine showed a hyperthermic effect in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of morphine. The hyperthermia due to methamphetamine plus morphine was avoided by pretreatment with 10 mg/kg naloxone. When animals were pretreated with 2.5 mg/kg haloperidol, hyperthermia due to methamphetamine alone was completely abolished, while that due to methamphetamine plus morphine was still observed. These results showed that dopamine may be implicated in methamphetamine hyperthermia and a haloperidol-nonsensitive mechanism may be involved in the methamphetamine-morphine hyperthermia.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Two cases of pilomatrix carcinoma.

We report two cases of pilomatrix carcinoma. Wide surgical excision, radiation, and chemotherapy were required for the first patient. The tumor eventually revealed the characteristics of a carcinoma, both clinically and histopathologically, as it recurred. In the second case, although the tumor exhibited the histology of pilomatricoma in the central part of the lesion, there were numerous outgrowing irregular nests of basaloid tumor cells with cellular atypia and frequent mitoses; these are the characteristic features of the pilomatrix carcinoma in its early stages.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Flow cytometric and functional analysis of mononuclear cells infiltrating the liver in experimental autoimmune hepatitis.

Experimental autoimmune hepatitis was produced by immunizing Wistar rats with syngeneic liver proteins. Mononuclear cells infiltrating the liver tissue were identified by immunohistochemical techniques using monoclonal antibodies specific for subpopulations of rat lymphocytes. The strong infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were found in the portal areas. Subpopulations of mononuclear cells infiltrating the liver, spleen cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes were identified by flow cytometry. Flow cytometric analysis revealed the presence of CD5- and CD8+ lymphocytes in the liver tissues. Mononuclear cells infiltrating the liver were isolated from Wistar rats having autoimmune hepatitis to determine whether those exhibit cytotoxicity against syngeneic hepatocytes; they exhibited cytotoxicity against isolated syngeneic hepatocytes, but failed to lyse K562 cells, syngeneic concanavalin A-activated splenocytes and allogeneic hepatocytes. Depletion of CD8+ T cells significantly reduced the cytotoxic ability of mononuclear cells infiltrating into the liver against syngeneic hepatocytes. These findings support the idea that liver cell injury in experimental autoimmune hepatitis may at least in part be mediated by CTL.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Saponins from leaves of Acanthopanax hypoleucus Makino.

From the leaves of Acanthopanax hypoleucus Makino (Araliaceae), five triterpenoidal saponins, having oleanolic acid and hederagenin as sapogenins, were isolated. On the basis of chemical and spectral data, the structures of two new saponins, named hypoleucosides A (1), and B (5) were elucidated as follows: 1; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 11 alpha-methoxy-oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 5; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1---- 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of adult T-cell leukemia with intravenous administration of IFN-gamma-immunohistochemical studies of infiltrating cells in cutaneous lesions].

Three cases of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) with cutaneous lesions of disseminated papules or nodules were treated with recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by intravenous administration. Clinical stage of each case was different, i.e., 1) preleukemic state of ATL (pre-ATL), 2) chronic-type ATL, and 3) crisis-type ATL. We evaluated clinical efficacy of IFN-gamma, and performed immunohistochemical analysis of biopsy specimens derived from cutaneous lesions of the patients both before and during treatment. The case of pre-ATL achieved a complete remission of cutaneous lesions for 18 months. The other cases also obtained clinical responses with a shorter duration, but relapsed while they are still on IFN-gamma therapy. The cutaneous lesions reduced in size during the therapy associated with a decrease in the ratio of Leu3a + 3b (CD4)+ cells in all three cases. After the therapy, Leu7 (HNK-1)+ cells increased in all cases, and LeuM5 (CD11)+ cells did in two. These results suggested that IFN-gamma enhanced tumor immunity although its clinical effect was less clear. Only in the cutaneous lesions of pre-ATL case an increased number of LeuM5+ cells, probably monocyte-macrophage series in host defence, were seen before the therapy. And IFN-gamma was useful for this case after all.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Tissue changes in cryptococcosis: histologic alteration from gelatinous to suppurative granulomatous tissue response with asteroid body.

The histologic variety and transformation in cutaneous cryptococcosis with acute lymphocytic leukemia before antifungal treatment and after the start of treatment were studied by the light and electron microscopic examinations. The initial cutaneous lesions before treatment revealed gelatinous tissue reactions, and Cryptococcus neoformans (serotype A) were isolated from the skin biopsy specimen and blood. However, later recurrent cutaneous lesions receiving antifungal treatment revealed suppurative granulomatous tissue reactions, and fungal cultures of the skin biopsy specimen changed to negative even though numerous yeasts stained with PAS were observed in skin lesions. Moreover, in the later lesion a few giant cells contained asteroid bodies without central spores. Ultrastructure of the later cutaneous lesions is presented.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

An unusual hybrid cyst in Gardner's syndrome with partial differentiation toward the inner root sheath.

A 26-year-old man with Gardner's syndrome had numerous subcutaneous nodules over almost his entire body. Histologically, one of them revealed an unusual so-called hybrid cyst composed of epidermal type keratinization and inner root sheath type keratinization. The histologic findings and the possibility of cutaneous cysts based on hair matrix differentiation, more specifically partial differentiation toward the inner root sheath, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Screening for molluscicidal activity in crude drugs.

Thirty-four extracts of crude drugs and medicinal plants have been screened for activity against Oncomelania nosophora, the intermediate host of the Japanese strain of Schistosoma japonicum. Strong molluscicidal activity was found in the MeOH extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. Although timosaponin A-III, one of the main saponins of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, showed very strong killing activity, markogenin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-2)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside having the same glycosidic linkage was found to be inactive.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Isolation of inhibitors of adenylate cyclase from dan-shen, the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

The effect of dan-shen extract, the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, on adenylate cyclase was investigated in both rat brain and rat erythrocytes. The EtOAc fraction of the MeOH extract was proved to have significant inhibitory activity. Potent inhibitory principles in the EtOAc fraction were isolated and identified as 4 polyphenolic acids, rosemarinic acid, lithospermic acid, and their methyl ester derivatives.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1989

Studies on lens-aldose-reductase inhibitor in medicinal plants. II. Active constituents of Monochasma savatierii Franch. et Maxim.

The 70% acetone extract of Monochasma savatierii FRANCH. et MAXIM. showed very strong inhibition of rabbit lens aldose reductase (AR). From the active fraction, five iridoid glucosides along with the two phenolic glycosides, acteoside and dehydroacteoside, have been isolated. Among them, acteoside showed the highest activity, being about 2.5 times more potent than baicalein, a known natural inhibitor of AR (IC50 = 9.8 x 10(-7) M). Demethylmussaenoside and 7-O-acetyl-8-epi-loganic acid, which are iridoid glucosides, had weak inhibitory activity.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1989

Molluscicidal triterpenoidal saponin from Lysimachia sikokiana.

The main molluscicidal activity of the methanol extract of Lysimachia sikokiana is due to several triterpenic saponins called sakuraso-saponins. The most active component was isolated from the aerial parts and elucidated as 3-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-(1----2)-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)- [beta-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)]-alpha-arabinopyranosyl protoprimulagenin A, named lysikoianoside 1, on the basis of 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data and methylation analysis results.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Rat ovarian prostaglandin levels and ovulation as indicators of the strength of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Immature Wistar rats were treated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin to induce ovulation. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin, diclofenac, flurbiprofen, and phenylbutazone inhibited both the ovulation rate and the normal increase in ovarian prostaglandin E during ovulation. Tolmetin, ibuprofen, and aspirin did not have any significant effect. There was a significant correlation between the ovulation rate and the level of ovarian prostaglandin E following treatment with these drugs. When indomethacin was given in graded doses, there was also a correlation between ovulation rate and the dose-dependent inhibition of ovarian prostaglandin E.

Animals↗