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Biomedical subjects

H Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to H Kodama.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cholesterol synthesis and esterification in experimental xanthoma tissues.

We studied cholesterol metabolism in experimental xanthoma tissues which were induced by injection of high molecular weight sodium dextran sulfate into the dermis of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Control studies were performed on dermal specimens of the dextran sulfate-injected site of normolipemic rabbits. Cholesterol accumulation was much greater in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit tissues than in the normolipemic rabbit tissues. Histiocytes and foam cells in such lesions had an ability to synthesize cholesterol. However, cholesterol synthesis was suppressed in the cholesterol-rich tissues of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. This suppression was obviously caused by the accumulation of cholesterol in the tissues which take up lipoprotein in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. On the other hand, esterification of cholesterol was greater in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit tissues than in the normolipemic rabbit tissues. Cholesterol was esterified more selectively with oleic acid than with palmitic acid. Therefore, cholesteryl oleate increased in the tissues concomitantly with the accumulation of cholesteryl esters. Fatty acids of serum origin rather than those synthesized in situ were more important in the esterification process. It was suggested that cholesterol esterification was mediated by acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase and that lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase contributed little to the process.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Two cases of natural infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) (author's transl)].

Two of 80 cynomolgus monkeys, Macaca fascicularis, imported from Indonesia showed weakness, anorexia, paralysis of extremities and dysstasia. The blood test conducted at the time of autopsy proved that the white blood cell count markedly decreased in both cases and the blood urea nitrogen content increased in Case No. 1. In Case No. 2, a high blood sugar value, a low red blood cell count and a low hematocrit value were recognized. Histologic examinations revealed the presence of fragments of a nematode in the subarachnoid space of the cerebrum, granular layer of the cerebellum and gray matter of the cervical spinal cord. The findings of eosinophilic meningitis, necrosis, foreign body giant cells and cellular infiltration predominantly with eosinophils were also noted there. Morphological features of the nematode found in the tissue sections were identical, in all respects, with those described by predecessors who made morphological observations on the cross sections of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Immunoelectrophoretic analyses of sera from these monkeys demonstrated the presence of band "a", which has been described to be highly specific to human A. cantonensis infection. Based on the above-mentioned evidences, the parasite fragments found in the histological sections from the monkeys were identified as A. cantonensis. The cases of natural infection reported herein represent the first, to our knowledge, in which migration of A. cantonensis larvae in the central nervous system of monkey was demonstrated. The present observation suggests applicability of simian angiostrongyliasis as a model for infections in man.

Angiostrongylus↗
PubMed1981

Immunogenicity of capsular antigens of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys.

Capsular antigens were isolated from Pasteurella multocida, strain P-1059 and their immunogenicity was tested in turkeys. The crude capsular antigen (CCA) was extracted from bacterial cells grown on membranes by heating at 56 C in a 2.5% NaCl solution. The purified polysaccharide antigen (PPA) was obtained by precipitation of CCA by cetylpyridinium chloride. Young adult turkeys were inoculated at 0 and 14 days and were challenge exposed at 28 days by IM inoculation of a live culture of P-1059. The turkeys were observed for 2 weeks and mortality was recorded; bacterial isolation was done at the time of necropsy. In 3 trials, CCA provided 80% to 100% protection; in 1 trial, PPA failed to provide protection. Freund's incomplete adjuvant and aluminum hydroxide gel were effective as potentiating agents when higher than 280 microgram of CCA was used. The CCA showed significant (P less than 0.05) protection after treatment with heat (100 C, 5 min), chloroform, or trypsin, but lost its immunogenicity completely by acid hydrolysis. The CCA was not toxic to mice at 2 mg. The limulus lysate test showed that CCA contained endotoxin in less than or equal to 5% of the total solids. These results indicate that the surface antigen isolated from P multocida by saline extraction was immunogenic in young adult turkeys.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1980

Antigenic difference between intracellular and membrane antigens induced by herpesvirus of turkeys.

The difference between intracellular antigen (IA) and membrane antigen (MA) induced by herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) was examined by immunofluorescence analysis. Convalescent sera from chickens infected with HVT (HVT convalescent serum) and hyperimmune sera from chickens immunized with partially pruified virus (anti-HVT particle serum) or with a major HVT soluble precipitin antigen (anti-common Ag serum) were used as the source of antisera to specify both antigens in these experiments. Absorption of a convalescent serum from HVT-inoculated chicken with IA positive cells, resulted in reduction of their reactivity to IA but not to MA. Differential absorption of the hyperimmune sera by IA positive cells and MA positive cells resulted in reduction of their reactivity to homologous cells but not to heterlogous cells which were used in the absorptions. When the relationship between the levels of anti-IA and anti-MA antibodies was examined by a blocking immunofluorescence test using 38 sera from chickens inoculated with HVT, no correlation was observed (p greater than 0.25). These results provide evidence that MA and IA are antigenically different from each other.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Relation between the neutralization of herpesvirus of turkeys and the antibody to late-appearing membrane antigen induced by the virus.

The relation between the neutralization of herpesvirus of turkeys HVT) and the antibodies to early appearing membrane antigen (EMA), late appearing membrane antigen (LMA) and intracellular antigen (IA) induced by the virus was examined by blocking of direct immunofluorescence using 38 sera from chickens infected with HVT. Our results provide evidence that anti-LMA is significant in the neutralization of the infectivity (P less than 0.001) since the neutralizing capacity of the serum was related to its blocking index (BI) and not to its anti-EMA titre (BI). Furthermore, the anti-IA titres (BI) of the sera were also related to their neutralizing activity to a lesser extent (P less than 0.025). However, no relationships among any two of the titres of EMA, LMA and IA were observed. The implication of these results of the relationship of LMA to infectious virus particles is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Studies on alpha-ketoglutaric aciduria in type I glycogenosis.

Urinary excretion of the organic acids in patients with type I and III glycogenosis was investigated. In all patients with type I glycogenosis, urinary alpha-ketoglutarate concentration ws about 10 times the normal value. alpha-Ketoglutaric aciduria was not improved by the acute or prolonged administration of a large dose of factors for pyruvate- and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. On the other hand, the level of alpha-ketoglutarate in the urine from type I patients decreased in conjunction with the decrease of plasma lactate and pyruvate concentration after repeated oral glucose loading. Oral citrate loading brought an increased excretion of alpha-ketoglutarate in type I glycogenosis. It is possible that alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in the rate-limiting step in tricarboxylic acid cycle and in patients with glycogenosis type I, the excessive excretion of alpha-ketoglutarate may be caused by the limited activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase with excessive substrate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Enhancement of erythroid colony formation in vitro by spleen extract from irradiated rats.

The effect of spleen extract from irradiated rats on CFU-e and BFU-e colony formation of rat bone marrow cells was investigated by using modified plasma clot culture media. In the presence of erythropoietin (Ep), CFU-e colony formation peaked at 48 hr of culture, and the Ep-induced increase of CFU-e colonies was dose-dependent. The addition of spleen extract enhanced the colony formation more than two-fold in the Ep-containing culture. BFU-e colony formation was also enhanced by the addition of spleen extract. These results indicate that spleen extract from irradiated rats contains factor(s) which stimulates the proliferation of erythroid progenitors.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of levamisole on pathogenesis of Marek's disease.

Levamisole was administered to chickens previously inoculated with Merek's disease virus (MDV) or infected by contact, and the influence of the drug on the mortality rate of Merek's disease (MD) was examined. The chickens inoculated with MDV and then administered levamisole (3 mg/bird) began to die earlier than chickens not treated with levamisole. However, the chickens infected with MDV by contact and then treated with the levamisole had delayed deaths. When the capacity of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) to inhibit MDV plaque formation on chicken kidney cell (CKC) cultures was examined, the inhibitory activity of PEC from chickens inoculated with MDV and treated with levamisole at 4 days or 2 months of age was much weaker than that of PEC from chickens of the same ages that were not treated with levamisole. This effect was also noted when levamisole was added to CKC cultures to examine the inhibitory activity of PEC from MDV-infected chickens not treated with levamisole. These results indicate that the administration of levamisole to MDV-inoculated chickens in doses used in the present experiment suppressed the macrophage restriction on MDV replication and hastened the death of chickens by MD during the early course of infection.

Age Factors↗