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Biomedical subjects

H Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to H Kodama.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Copper deficiency in the mitochondria of cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with Menkes syndrome.

The mitochondrial copper concentrations and cytochrome C oxidase activity of the fibroblasts from the patients with Menkes syndrome were investigated. Both the mitochondrial copper concentrations and cytochrome C oxidase activity of fibroblasts from patients with Menkes syndrome were lower than those of the control fibroblasts. These data indicate that the mitochondria of fibroblasts from patients with Menkes syndrome are in a state of copper deficiency. The activity decline of cytochrome C oxidase, a mitochondrial cuproenzyme, seems to be caused by copper deficiency in the mitochondria.

Brain Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1989

Establishment of human osteoblastic cells derived from periosteum in culture.

We isolated osteoblastic cells derived from human periosteum and established them in culture. Their growth depended on the presence of ascorbic acid, and the doubling time was 40 to 60 h. The requirement for ascorbic acid was used to high production of collagen. These cells produced mainly type I collagen and only small amounts of type III collagen determined by reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The total collagen yield was about 10 mg from 2 X 10(7) cells. The cells could be continuously cultured in alpha-minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for 18 to 40 population doubling levels, depending on the age of the donated periosteum. These cells have the ability to calcify when incubated with 2 mM alpha-glycerophosphate-Na2. Calcification as viewed by the naked eye appeared from Day 15 after treatment. Treatment with the active formed vitamin D3, 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhanced calcification significantly and stimulated osteocalcin production. By electron microscopy, cells with many projections on their surfaces showed well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and actinlike fibers, and larger numbers of lysosomes, mitochondria, and secretion granules. Many matrix vesicles, in which minerals were initially localized, and well-banded collagen fibrils were seen in the intercellular spaces. These observations demonstrate typical osteoblastic morphology. The above results indicate that cultured cells from human periostem are osteoblastic cells that have the capacity to differentiate into osteocytes and to deposit calcified minerals in response to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Activation of trout macrophages and production of CRP after immunization with Vibrio anguillarum.

To examine the mechanism of the protection of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) against Vibrio anguillarum in the early stage of immunization, the activation of macrophages and production of C-reactive protein (CRP) were investigated. Fish immunized with formalin-killed bacteria emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) resisted intraperitoneal challenge with living bacteria seven and ten days after immunization. The activation of macrophages was demonstrated by a significant increase of the chemiluminescent (CL) response and phagocytic activity. These fish also showed a significant increase of the CRP level in sera. Fish immunized with V. anguillarum alone or injected with FCA, however, did not resist the challenge. Though FCA itself increased CRP level and the sera enhanced phagocytic activity, increase of CL activity was weak. These results indicated that the increase of CL activity and opsonising effect of CRP on the phagocytosis of specifically activated macrophages concern to host defense in the early stage of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Uptake of copper from the bloodstream and its relation to induction of metallothionein synthesis in the rat.

1. Female rats of the Wistar strain (12 weeks old; body wt, 200 g) were injected intravenously with a single dose of cupric chloride (0.8 mg Cu/kg body wt) and the uptake of copper (Cu) by the liver and kidneys was determined in relation to the disappearance of Cu from the bloodstream and the excretion to bile and urine. 2. Serum Cu level decreased rapidly within 30 min and then returned slowly to the control level by 3 hr post-injection, while the hepatic uptake of Cu continued linearly after the injection up to 4 hr post-injection. 3. The time lag between the disappearance of Cu from the blood serum and the uptake of Cu by the liver was not explained by the temporal distribution to red blood cells or by the enterohepatic circulation. 4. Cu taken up by the liver and distributed to its soluble fraction was bound to metallothionein, suggesting that the uptake of Cu by the liver depends on the induction of metallothionein synthesis. 5. Rapid uptake of Cu by the kidneys was observed at the beginning, which may indicate the role of the existing metallothionein in the control rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Carcinoid tumour of the middle ear.

Carcinoid tumours belong to the rarer neoplasms of the middle ear. In 1980, Murphy et al. described the first case of a carcinoid tumour of the middle ear. Only five cases could be traced in the literature. The light and electron microscope features of a primary atypical carcinoid tumour of the middle ear are presented and compared with those described in the literature. Primary carcinoid of the middle ear appears to be derived from the epithelial lining of the middle ear. Distant metastases have not been reported. The duration and nature of the symptoms are of little diagnostic value. An atypical carcinoid tumour in the left ear of a 33-year-old woman is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Phase-Specific Polypeptides and Poly(A) RNAs during the Cell Cycle in Synchronous Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cells.

This study shows an overall analysis of gene expression during the cell cycle in synchronous suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus cells. First, the cellular cytoplasmic proteins were fractionated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by staining with silver. Seventeen polypeptides showed qualitative or quantitative changes during the cell cycle. Second, the rates of synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins were also investigated by autoradiography by labeling cells with [(35)S]methionine at each phase of the cell cycle. The rates of synthesis of 13 polypeptides were found to vary during the cell cycle. The silverstained electrophoretic pattern of proteins in the G(2) phase in particular showed characteristic changes in levels of polypeptides, while the rates of synthesis of polypeptides synthesized during the G(2) phase did not show such phase-specific changes. This result suggests that posttranslational processing of polypeptides occurs during or prior to the G(2) phase. In the G(1) and S phases and during cytokinesis, several other polypeptides were specifically synthesized. Finally, the variation of mRNAs was analyzed from the autoradiograms of in vitro translation products of poly(A)(+) RNA isolated at each phase. Three poly(A)(+) RNAs increased in amount from the G(1) to the S phase and one poly (A)(+) RNA increased preferentially from the G(2) phase to cytokinesis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Cutaneous mucinosis associated with SLE--a case provoked by PUVA.

A patient with SLE which was complicated by a characteristic cutaneous mucinosis is reported. The skin lesions were composed of intradermal soft nodules, purple-red plaques, and alopecia of the scalp. Acid mucopolysaccharides accumulated in each lesion. PUVA provoked an infiltrated skin lesion in which acid mucopolysaccharides were deposited in the dermis. Deposition of immunoglobulins and complements were also observed at the dermo-epidermal junction and on the vascular walls. Some immunological processes which may stimulate the synthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides in the dermis were suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Two sisters with impetigo herpetiformis.

Two sisters (non-twins) had impetigo herpetiformis triggered by their first pregnancy. One sister treated with etretinate had good resolution of skin disease. Impetigo herpetiformis is probably a variant of pustular psoriasis and may be provoked or precipitated by factors, such as pregnancy. Both patients shared common HLA antigens (All, AW24, BW44, BW54 and DR6Y).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Henoch-Schönlein purpura after measles immunization.

A three-year-old boy developed Henoch-Schönlein purpura after measles immunization. To our knowledge Henoch-Schönlein purpura in this setting has not been previously reported. This case illustrates that measles vaccine can act as an inducing factor Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1989

[Ecological studies on hemolytic streptococci in aged population].

The pattern of group distribution of hemolytic streptococci and the source of specimen, when these organisms were isolated from the clinical specimen of the aged, were quite different from that of streptococcosis among children. The isolation frequency from the upper respiratory tract was rather low in comparison to the other specimen, such as sputum, exudate and urine. Both groups B and G were predominant among isolates from sputum, B more prevailing than G from exudate, and the isolates from the urinary tract were consisted almost solely of group B. These trends have been unchanged in the past 3 years. Normal pharyngeal streptococcus flora among the aged also differ from that of healthy children, the carrier rate being rather low, and groups B and G, instead of A in the case of children, being predominant. This pattern of group distribution, among the isolates of normal pharyngeal streptococci of the aged, seemed to be reflected on that of isolates from clinical specimen, especially those from the sputum. The type distribution of group B isolates from normal throat swabs of the aged resemble that of clinical isolates from the same generation, types Ia and III dominating in both cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines MC3T3-G2/PA6 and ST2 support osteoclast-like cell differentiation in cocultures with mouse spleen cells.

After our previous report that osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (MNCs) were formed in response to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3] in cocultures of mouse spleen cells and osteoblast-rich populations freshly isolated from fetal mouse calvariae, we examined whether such primary osteoblast-like cells can be replaced by established cell lines in inducing osteoclast-like cell formation. We first used two clonal cell lines simultaneously established from newborn mouse calvariae. One was the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1, and the other was the preadipose cell line MC3T3-G2/PA6. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP; a marker enzyme of osteoclasts)-positive mononuclear cells and MNCs were formed in the cocultures of spleen cells and MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells in the presence of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3. Dexamethasone greatly potentiated TRACP-positive MNC formation induced by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3, whereas the glucocorticoid alone had no effect on it. In contrast, osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells failed to induce TRACP-positive cells in the cocultures. Another bone marrow-derived stromal cell line ST2 also induced TRACP-positive MNC formation in the cocultures in response to 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone. Salmon calcitonin enhanced cAMP production in the cocultures only when TRACP-positive cells were formed. Autoradiographic studies demonstrated that [125I]calcitonin specifically bound to TRACP-positive cells formed in the cocultures. When spleen cells and either MC3T3-G2/PA6 or ST2 cells were cocultured on sperm whale dentine slices in the presence of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone, numerous resorption lacunae were formed. These results show that the two bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines can support osteoclast-like cell differentiation in cocultures with spleen cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Alpha 2-adrenergic control of growth hormone (GH) secretion in conscious male rabbits: involvement of endogenous GH-releasing factor and somatostatin.

In an attempt to clarify the regulatory role in GH secretion of central alpha-adrenergic and dopaminergic mechanisms, the effects of iv administration of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic antagonists and dopaminergic antagonists were investigated in undisturbed conscious male rabbits. During a 6-h observation period (1030-1630 h), control animals demonstrated spontaneous pulsatile GH secretion with mean (+/- SEM) 6-h GH levels of 6.49 +/- 0.54 ng/ml (n = 16). Intravenous injection of yohimbine (YOM; an alpha 2-antagonist), chlorpromazine (CPZ), and haloperidol (HAL; dopamine and alpha-adrenergic antagonists) completely suppressed this pulsatile GH secretion (mean 6-h GH levels, 2.98 +/- 0.24, 3.48 +/- 0.24, and 2.91 +/- 0.29 ng/ml, respectively; P less than 0.001), whereas prazosin (an alpha 1-antagonist), pimozide (a selective dopamine antagonist), sulpiride, and YM-09151-2 (YM; D2-specific antagonists) failed to affect the GH secretory pattern (mean 6-h GH levels, 6.61 +/- 0.73, 6.71 +/- 0.56, 5.44 +/- 0.44, and 6.87 +/- 1.44 ng/ml, respectively). While an iv injection of 2 micrograms synthetic human GH-releasing factor-(1-44)-NH2 (hGRF) induced GH rises in prazosin-, HAL-, pimozide-, sulpiride-, and YM-treated rabbits as well as control rabbits, YOM and CPZ completely abolished these GH responses to hGRF injection. An iv injection of 10 ml antisomatostatin gamma-globulin caused a prompt and transient GH rise, followed by a sustained elevation of GH trough levels in normal control rabbits. YOM treatment completely abolished this highly oscillated GH release. However, suppression by YOM or CPZ of hGRF-induced GH rises was significantly reversed by iv administration of 10 ml antisomatostatin gamma-globulin. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of YOM and CPZ on both episodic GH release and hGRF-induced GH rises is due to the enhanced release of somatostatin, with a simultaneous suppression of endogenous GRF. On the other hand, HAL, possessing a weaker alpha-blocking action than CPZ, blunted pulsatile GH secretion, but only modestly suppressed hGRF-induced GH rises. These results suggest the following. 1) Central alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms play a more important role in the regulation of GH secretion than alpha 1-adrenergic mechanisms in the rabbit as well as in other species. 2) The alpha 2-adrenergic blockade causes suppression of the release of hypothalamic GRF and enhanced release of endogenous somatostatin, thereby suppressing GH secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

Effect of cysteine on the inactivation of cystathionine gamma-lyase by D,L-propargylglycine.

In vivo inactivation of cystathionine gamma-lyase by D,L-propargylglycine, a suicide inhibitor, was found to be less profound in rat kidney than in the liver. We investigated the cause of this difference using rat tissues. We fractionated kidney extract to characterize the substance which protected enzyme, and found that cysteine exhibits protecting action. Addition of 0.3 mM L-cysteine to the incubation mixture containing dialyzed kidney supernatant and 0.5 mM D,L-propargylglycine resulted in the protection of cystathionine gamma-lyase from the inactivation by the inhibitor. The content of cysteine in the kidney was six-fold higher than that in the liver. Thus, we have concluded that one of the reasons why the in vivo inactivation of cystathionine gamma-lyase in rat kidney was less than that in the liver is the presence of a higher concentration of cysteine in the kidney. S-Carboxymethylcysteine, a cysteine derivative, exhibited a similar, but weaker, protective effect.

Alkynes↗
PubMed1989

[T cell subsets as a prognostic factor in the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia].

A relationship between the survival time and T cell subsets in the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) studied by the method using monoclonal antibodies. No statistic difference between normal and CML was recognized in the rate of pan-T cell. The high T-Helper/Suppressor ratio (TH/TS) was revealed in the cases of the long survival time for more than six years.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Roles of tyrosine residue of enkephalin in opiate receptor recognition.

A series of analogs of a dimeric peptide of the inactive fragment of enkephalin (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NH-CH2-)2 (DTRE2) was synthesized by modifying one or both of tyrosine residues. The change of configuration of both tyrosines, from L to D, or the removal of both p-hydroxy groups brought about a decrease in activity, but some of the activity (about 20% of the parent enkephalin dimer's activity) was found to be retained when assayed by using guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens. In contrast, the analog lacking amino groups in both tyrosines was completely devoid of activity, indicating the essential importance of the tyrosine amino group in opiate receptor recognition. The activity of analogs with only one amino group was found to be higher than that of the parent enkephalin dimer having both amino groups. A possible interaction to explain this finding was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Distribution of antibodies to a causative agent of exanthem subitum (human herpesvirus-6) in healthy individuals.

The transfer of IgG antibodies to a causative agent of exanthem subitum (human herpesvirus-6) from mother to infant was examined with an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of 20 mothers, 85% had the antibody more than 1:10, and the significantly higher level of the antibody was found in the cord blood with a positive rate of 95%. A mean ratio of cord blood to maternal antibody titer was 1.63. A total of 301 sera from healthy individuals was examined for the age-specific prevalence of antibody to the virus. In the first 2 months of life, 87% of infants had the antibody; the positive rate and the level of antibody decreased during the first 6 months of life with the lowest positive rate of 6% at 4 to 5 months of age. After 6 months of age, they increased gradually and reached the highest level at 1 year of age with the positive rate of 86%. From 2 years of age, the prevalence of the antibody was almost stable (69% to 76%) and similar to those in adolescents and adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Interaction of S-activated enkephalin analogs with opiate receptors.

Enkephalin analogs containing a thiol activated by a thiomethyl (SCH3)*** or 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl (Npys) group were synthesized. Incubation of such S-activated enkephalin analogs as [D-Ala2, Leu(CH2S)SCH(3)5]enkephalin or [D-Ala2,Leu(CH2S)Npys5]enkephalin with guinea pig ileum (GPI) resulted in the continuous stimulation of the mu opiate receptors. This sustained GPI-activity was completely reversed with the antagonist naloxone, while subsequent washings elicited again the full enkephalin activity. When GPI showing full enkephalin activity was incubated with 1 mM dithiothreitol, about 70% of the activity was eliminated. Examination of enkephalin analogs containing Cys(Npys) at position 1, 5, or 6 suggested that no other thiols occur near the enkephalin binding site of the mu receptor. From these results, it is considered that only one thiol group exists near the binding site of the mu receptor in GPI. Similar results were also obtained for the mu receptors in mouse vas deferens.

Animals↗