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Biomedical subjects

H Klein

Publications and source records attributed to H Klein.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Changes in myocardial oxygen consumption 45 minutes after experimental coronary occlusion do not alter infarct size.

The influence of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) at the moment of coronary occlusion on the size of the ensuing infarct was investigated in two groups of anaesthetised dogs. In one group (n = 9) coronary occlusion was produced at a high MVO2, estimated to be 14.6 +/- 2.1 cm3 O2 X min-1 X 100g-1 which was changed midway during the occlusion period of 90 min to a low MVO2 estimated to be 6.7 +/- 1.6. In the second group (n = 9) the MVO2, was elevated after 45 min an estimate of 5.1 +/- 0.9 to one of 13.2 +/- 3.7 cm3 X min-1 X 100g-1. In this way the MVO2 averaged over the entire 90 min occlusion period was equal in both groups. Infarct size expressed as a percentage of perfusion area was 68 +/- 28% in group 1 and 32 +/- 30% in group 2 (P less than 0.025). The mass of the perfusion areas did not differ significantly between the groups. Haemodynamics changes were similar in both groups except for a higher rate in group 1 in the period with low MVO2 (109 vs 66 per min, P less than 0.001). Collateral flow was not different between the two groups 45 min after occlusion. It is concluded that the MOV2 at the moment of occlusion significantly influences infarct size. Drastic changes of MVO2 induced at 45 min (ie at half time of the occlusion period of 90 min) had no measurable effect on infarct size.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Use of a simple enzymatic assay for cholesterol analysis in human bile.

An enzymatic technique for cholesterol analysis in serum was applied to human bile. The analytical yield was very satisfactory in experiments in which known amounts of cholesterol were added to untreated, as well as Millipore-filtered, samples of human bile. The analytical results of the enzymatic test agreed closely with those of a method utilizing the Liebermann-Burchard reaction. The enzymatic assay of cholesterol in bile proved to be sensitive and precise. In comparison to other methods of biliary cholesterol determination, it has the advantage of being rapid and simple.

Bile↗
PubMed1980

[The influence of radio- and chemotherapy on DNA repair of peripheral lymphocytes of tumor patients (author's transl)].

The influence of radiotherapy in 10 patients and chemotherapy in 5 patients, on DNA excision repair capacity was investigated in lymphocytes of the peripheral blood. No effects on DNA repair were found using only betatrone of 60Co-irradiation under normal conditions. Combination of both irradiation schedules over a longer period of therapy provoked an inhibition of DNA repair. Chemotherapy inhibits DNA repair immediately after starting therapy, but after a relatively short time, the extent of DNA repair increases above normal level.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Plasma thyroid hormones and TSH during the early stage of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

In 21 males (age 50-78 yrs) without endocrine diseases, plasma thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse-triiodothyronine and TSH were determined by specific RIAs in the early stage of an acute myocardial infarction. Blood was taken every 4 hours up to 43 hours after admission. The patients were separated in 2 groups, depending on the severity of the infarction (group A with 11 patients = severe infarction; group B with 10 patients = not severe infarction). 25 healthy men served as an aged-matched control group (age 56-83 yrs). Thyroxine in all patients (group A and B together) did not show essential fluctuations during the 43 hours of observation. The mean values were elevated, the individual values were predominantly in the normal range. There were no significant differences between the groups A and B. As well in the total-patients group as in the groups A and B already on admission, T3 was diminished and went on falling during the 43 hours. From 35 hours after admission, T3 was significantly decreased in group A compared to group B. On admission, rT3 was elevated in both the total-patients group and group A and B; it reached its maximum after 19 hours. Group A showed from 7 hours after admission a tendency more increased levels compared to group B. In all cases (total-patients group, group A and B) TSH levels were constant within the normal range during the whole time. The results suggest that in the early stage of myocardial infarction an important alteration in the thyroxine metabolism with enhancement of the inactive reverse-triiodothyronine production occurs very quickly. Moreover, the results show that this alteration may depend on the severity of myocardial infarction. Hypothyreoidism can be excluded because of the normal or elevated thyroxine values and the normal TSH levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Clozapine, chlorpromazine, and placebo in newly hospitalized, acutely schizophrenic patients: a controlled, double-blind comparison.

Clozapine is a unique compound belonging to a relatively new group of antipsychotic agents, the dibenzazepines. To our knowledge, the present study represents the first double-blind, controlled comparison recorded in the United States. The data suggest that clozapine in the present population of newly admitted, acutely psychotic schizophrenic individuals, and in the doses employed, was more effective in overall improvement response, discharge rate, and ameliorating discrete symptoms across the different objective rating scales used than was chlorpromazine (Thorazine) hydrochloride. Placebo was ineffective. Unlike chlorpromazine, no extrapyramidal reactions occurred in those patients ingesting clozapine. Clozapine was also beneficial in reversing abnormal involuntary motor movements. It is an excellent anxiolytic and hypnotic agent. Sedation, hypotension, and hypersalivation are among the more common side effects observed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Thermocardiography--a method for continuous assessment of myocardial perfusion dynamics in the exposed animal and human heart.

In the exposed animal and human heart, coronary flow reduction results in a significant decrease of regional myocardial temperature. Epicardial temperature can be recorded instantaneously by the use of thermography. In contrast to other techniques, this method allows continuous assessment of rapid coronary flow changes and shows exactly the extent of myocardium involved. Value and limits of thermocardiography in animal experiments and during coronary bypass surgery are discussed and typical examples of myocardial thermograms obtained at various interventions are shown.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Renal effects of mannitol in the early stage of glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat.

The effects of mannitol on the hemodynamics and excretory function of the kidney in control rats and in rats with acute renal failure (ARF), induced by glycerol, were studied using clearance, micropuncture and flowmeter techniques. In control animals, 20% mannitol significantly increased renal blood flow (RBF), urinary volume and sodium excretion and decreased urinary sodium concentration and fractional tubular sodium reabsorption. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective filtration pressure remained unchanged. 50% glycerol (10 ml/kg bw) was injected intramuscularly in other groups of rats to induce ARF. Functional impairment of the glycerol-treated animals consisted in a significant decrease in urinary sodium concentration, RBF, GFR and effective filtration pressure of superficial nephrons. Urea concentration in arterial plasma and urine volume increased significantly. Infusion of 20% mannitol into these animals led to a significant further decrease in GFR and net filtration pressure, but not in RBF. Urine volume increased to the same degree as in controls.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

[Plasma testosterone, free testosterone fraction LH and FSH in males during the early stage of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

In 18 males (age 49--79 yrs) without endocrine diseases, testosterone, free testosterone fraction, LH, FSH and cortisol (as indicator for stress) were determined in the early stage of an acute myocardia infarction. Blood was taken on admission as well as every 4 hours up to meanly 43 hours. The patients were separated in 2 groups for proving whether alterations of the parameters may depend on the severity of the myocardial infarction (group A=severe infarction; group B=not severe infarction). Testosterone showed a rapid decrease in the first 11 hours after admission, which continued less striking to the end of the investigation. Testosterone was significantly decreased in group A in comparison to group B. LH and FSH in both groups together were remarkably reduced during the whole time. Whereas group A demonstrated a tendency to decreased values in comparison to group B for LH, there were not any essential differences between the two groups for FSH. The free testosterone fraction was not altered. Cortisol in group A was twice as high as in group B during the entire investigation. The systolic pressure in group A was generally lower than in group B during the whole time. The results demonstrate an important reduction of the secretion of testosterone, LH and FSH during the early stage of the acute myocardial infarction. The testosterone suppression seems to be dependent on the severity of the myocardial infarction. These alterations may be caused by a general impaired perfusion as a consequence of myocardial infarction and a suppressive effect of increased cortisol values on testosterone levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Incidence of ventricular arrhythmias after aneurysmectomy (author's transl)].

Incidence and type of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) were studied by ambulatory monitoring in 66 patients at the average 20 months after left ventricular aneurysmectomy. In 25 of these patients long-term-Ecg-monitoring was obtained before and after surgical intervention. After aneurysmectomy only 30% of all patients showed no PVCs; 35% had few PVCs and 35% demonstrated frequent PVCs. In 16 patients (24%) PVCs of Lown Classes III and IV were found. Only 7 out of 25 patients of the group analyzed before and after aneurysmectomy improved by one or more Lown Classes, 10 patients remained in the same Class, 8 patients worsened. In 11 patients ventricular arrhythmias refractory to medical treatment were the indication for aneurysmectomy. There were three in-hospital deaths. Of the remaining 8 patients only two became free from ventricular ectopic activity, 5 continued to have frequent multifocal PVCs, two of them required repeatedly DC-cardioversions. In two patients sudden cardiac death occurred two and three years after aneurysmectomy. It is concluded that only a small percentage of patients with left ventricular aneurysm gets free from ventricular ectopic activities after aneurysmectomy. Results of aneurysmectomy for intractable ventricular arrhythmias are disappointing and unpredictable. The application of new surgical techniques to localize and excise irritable foci seems advisable for the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A token economy in the framework of a hospital therapeutic community -- practice and psychosocial implications.

A token economy (TE) aimed at enhancing self care, work habits, and social participation was initiated in conjunction with the restructuring of a chronic ward into a therapeutic community. Recorded data over a year revealed a differential impact of the TE on various patients. An attempt is made to characterize differential response modes to the TE and to delineate their correlates. Both participants in the program and therapeutic agents were interviewed as to their attitudes towards the TE. Beneficial effects were demonstrated mainly in patients with a relatively late onset of psychiatric illness, but a favorable attitude towards the TE was displayed by both patients and staff members. Implications for psychosocial readaptation are discussed taking into account humanistic and psychodynamic points of view. The reconsideration of possible merging of different therapeutic techniques seems to be desirable.

Activities of Daily Living↗