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Biomedical subjects

H Kitamura

Publications and source records attributed to H Kitamura.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Adenocarcinoma of the lung associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia and miliary tuberculosis].

A 44-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of acute promyelocytic leukemia. A nodular shadow (2.5 cm in diameter) was seen in the right upper lung field on a chest roentgenogram. During the administration of combination chemotherapy for the leukemia, diffuse granular shadow appeared in all lung fields. Transbronchial lung biopsy findings indicated tuberculosis. The patient was given streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol, but the nodular show enlarged and a pleural effusion appeared on the right side. Cytologic examination of the pleural effusion revealed adenocarcinoma. Similar findings were obtained from a second transbronchial lung biopsy. The frequency of association of lung cancer and other malignancy is about 4%. The incidences of primary lung cancer found during the course of active tuberculosis, active pulmonary tuberculosis found during the course of primary lung cancer, and tuberculosis found during the course of acute leukemia are 0.9 to 1.4%, 0.4 to 4.3%, and 2.4 to 4.5%, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first case in Japan in which adenocarcinoma of the lung was associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia and tuberculosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Rare glomerular capillary regeneration and subsequent capillary regression with endothelial cell apoptosis in progressive glomerulonephritis.

Glomerulonephritis (GN) leading to glomerular sclerosis remains an important cause of renal failure. The glomerulus is a capillary network, but endothelial and vascular reactions during progressive GN are not well understood. We have, therefore, examined the morphological alterations of glomerular capillary network and endothelial cells during the progression of damaged glomeruli to glomerular sclerosis. A progressive model of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) GN was induced in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with a single injection of anti-rat GBM antibody. Severe necrotizing glomerular injuries were observed between day 5 and week 3 with a reduction in the number of total glomerular endothelial cells and total glomerular capillary lumina per glomerular cross sections. In necrotizing lesions, the glomerular endothelial cells were lost with the destruction of the glomerular capillary network. Moreover, angiogenic capillary repair with proliferation of endothelial cells was rare in severely damaged regions of glomeruli. Subsequently, mesangial hypercellularity and marked mesangial matrix accumulation occurred with absence of the development of a capillary network, and the necrotizing lesions progressed to sclerotic scars until 8 weeks. Although active necrotizing lesions could not be seen in damaged glomeruli between week 4 and week 8, the number of apoptotic endothelial cells gradually increased in the glomerular capillaries (0.10 +/- 0.01 apoptotic endothelial cells/glomerular cross section at week 8 versus 0.00 +/- 0.00 control cells (mean +/- SEM; P < 0.05) with the progression of glomerular sclerosis. Whereas the number of apoptotic endothelial cells increased in the damaged glomeruli, the number of total glomerular endothelial cells decreased (9.3 +/- 3.0 cells/glomerular cross section at week 8 versus 24.8 +/- 3.0 cells in control (mean +/- SD); P < 0.001) with regression of glomerular capillaries (3.6 +/- 2.5 capillary lumina/glomerular cross section at week 8 versus 35.0 +/- 5.0 capillary lumina in control (mean +/- SD); P < 0.001). Finally, glomerular endothelial cells could not be detected in the sclerotic lesions in progressive anti-GBM GN in WKY rats. These data indicate that the destruction of the capillary network of glomeruli and subsequent incomplete angiogenic capillary repair leads to glomerular sclerosis in progressive GN. Endothelial cell apoptosis with glomerular capillary regression may also contribute to the development of glomerular sclerosis. Injury of the glomerular capillary network with endothelial cell damage, including apoptosis and subsequent incomplete capillary repair, plays an important role in the progression of glomerular sclerosis during anti-GBM GN in WKY rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Development of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells of fetal hamster in explant culture.

Fetal hamster lung explant was cultured in serum-free medium on gestational Day 11-2 days before the appearance of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC)--and the development and differentiation of PNEC from immature fetal lung epithelium was examined through immunostaining for neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) to establish an in vitro system to study the mechanisms involved. PNEC were present in the main bronchus after 2 days of culture. Thereafter, NCAM-positive clusters of PNEC increased and were distributed from the large bronchus to the terminal bronchiole with a proximal-to-distal wave. To elucidate the role of NCAM in the fetal development of PNEC, whole fetal lung was cultured on gestational Day 11 with an anti-NCAM antibody. This antibody slightly inhibited the growth and branching morphogenesis of the lung and disturbed the formation of PNEC clusters. NCAM may function to form clusters of PNEC known as neuroepithelial bodies. We cultured fetal lung epithelial explant at gestational Day 11 after removing mesenchyme, including nerve tissue, with dispase digestion. Immunohistochemical staining for NCAM revealed that PNEC were induced in cultured fetal epithelium without mesenchymal tissue, but basement membrane Matrigel was necessary to maintain cultured epithelium. In conclusion, PNEC derive from immature airway epithelial cells. This organ culture system, therefore, is a useful experimental model and should facilitate further investigations of the development and differentiation of PNEC. Mesenchymal and neural tissues are not always necessary for the development of PNEC, but matrix substance and/or growth factors may be required to induce or maintain PNEC.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Conformational change of DNA on the formation of DNA-anti-DNA antibody immune complex.

Monoclonal antibodies were purified from the culture medium of hybridoma from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-prone MRL/Mp-Ipr-Ipr mice with affinity chromatography. Binding activity of the antibodies to double-stranded DNA from salmon milt was actually shown in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of DNA solution (150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Na2HPO4, pH 7.4) which showed B-type conformation, changed significantly by addition of the anti-DNA antibodies. These results indicate that conformational change of DNA occurred by binding of anti-DNA antibodies, forming DNA-anti-DNA antibody immune complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Preparation and characterization of antibacterial alginate film containing DNA as a carrier of silver ion.

Silver ion was effectively bound to alginate film by the aid of DNA. Amounts of Ag(I) bound to the films (18 mm x 18 mm) were 4.2 micrograms and 24.7 micrograms in the absence and presence of DNA, respectively. The Ag(I)-induced films showed antibacterial activity for both of Escherichiacoli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and the activity of DNA-alginate film was obviously larger than alginate film. These results indicate that Ag(I) induced in the DNA-alginate film keeps the potent antibacterial activity, and so DNA is very useful as a carrier of silver ion in the alginate film.

Alginates↗
PubMed1996

Quantitative differences in GlcNAc:beta1-->3 and GlcNAc:beta1-->4 galactosyltransferase activities between human colonic adenocarcinomas and normal colonic mucosa.

The activities of GlcNAc:beta1-->3 and GlcNAc:beta1->4 galactosyltransferases in normal human colonic mucosa and well or moderately differentiated colonic adenocarcinomas and their enzyme-kinetic characteristics were investigated. After UDP-[3H]galactose and N-linked type monoantennary oligosaccharides GlcNAc beta1-->2Man alpha1-->3(6)Man beta1-->4GlcNAc) had been incubated with microsome fractions prepared from these tissues, the synthesized [3H]galactose-labeled oligosaccharides were analyzed by Ricinus communis agglutinin-I agarose chromatography, Streptococcus 6646K beta-galactosidase, Gal beta1-->4-specific diplococcal beta-galactosidase, and Gal beta1-->3GlcNAc-specific lacto-N-biosidase digestion. The beta-galactosyltransferases from normal mucosa synthesized both type 1 and type 2 chains at comparable levels, whereas those from adenocarcinomas predominantly synthesized type 2 chains. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative estimation of GlcNAc:beta1-->3 galactosyltransferase activity toward N-linked sugar chains. Furthermore, we compared the two galactosyltransferase activities in 10 normal mucosa and adenocarcinoma samples and found that while there existed similar levels of GlcNAc:beta1-->4 galactosyltransferase activity in normal mucosa and adenocarcinomas, GlcNAc:beta1-->3 galactosyltransferase activity apparently decreased from 0.67 +/- 0.26 (normal mucosa) to 0.18 +/- 0.11 nmol/min/mg of protein (adenocarcinomas). These results are consistent with those of comparative structural studies on N-linked sugar chains of carcinoembryonic antigen and its normal counterparts and suggest that in the process of differentiated carcinogenesis of human colonic tissues, the expression of GlcNAc:beta1-->3 galactosyltransferase is negatively regulated.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1996

Histiocytoid Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report with Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Studies.

This is the first documented report of a case of histiocytoid breast carcinoma in Japan. The patient was a 55-year-old woman with a right breast lump. An excisional biopsy revealed proliferation of histiocyte-like cells with slightly atypical nuclei within fibrous stroma. In places, tumor cells showed an invasive pattern similar to that in invasive lobular carcinoma including a targetoid pattern, as well as a focus of in situ lobular carcinoma with transition to the histiocytoid cells. Immunohistochemical stainings of the tumor cells demonstrated positive reactions for cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen. Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, an apocrine marker, was almost uniformly positive in their cytoplasm. From these results, we supposed that histiocytoid breast carcinoma is a variant of invasive lobular carcinoma. Histiocytoid breast carcinoma is easily misdiagnosed as a benign lesion such as granular cell tumor or xanthoma. Points of differential diagnosis were described and we stressed that it is most important for pathologists to keep this variant in mind in order to avoid misdiagnosis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of figure-8-undulator radiation.

The figure-8 undulator is a novel insertion device which has recently been proposed in order to obtain linearly polarized radiation with low on-axis power density. Since the trajectory is different from any other insertion device developed or proposed so far, the features of figure-8-undulator radiation are also considered to be different. In this paper, various features of figure-8-undulator radiation are investigated to clarify differences between the figure-8 undulator and other ordinary insertion devices.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Immunocytochemical localization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in tissues of Populus kitakamiensis.

The polypeptide encoded by the partial fragment of cDNA of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5), PALcDNA1 (Osakabe et al., 1995, Plant Sci. 105: 217-226), isolated from Populus kitakamiensis (P. sieboldii x P. grandidentata), was expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The polypeptide was purified and an antiserum raised against it. The antiserum recognized a protein of 77 kDa on nitrocellulose blots after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total protein and the partially purified PAL protein from P. kitakamiensis. Moreover, the antiserum recognized a protein on the blot after non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of P. kitakamiensis proteins and this protein had PAL activity. Furthermore, the antibody inhibited PAL activity of extracts from stem tissues. These results showed that the antiserum against the partial PAL peptide recognized only the PAL subunits in extracts of P. kitakamiensis. Immunolocalization studies of P. kitakamiensis tissues revealed that the PAL protein was specifically localized in the xylem and the phloem fibers and no immunogold signal was found in the epidermis, the cortex, the pith, or the cambium of either stems or leaves.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Outcome of major hepatectomy with pancreatoduodenectomy for advanced biliary malignancies.

In patients with advanced biliary malignancies a chance of curability is obtained by performing only major hepatectomy with concomitant pancreatoduodenectomy. This aggressive procedure carries two major risks: hepatic failure and pancreatic anastomotic leakage. Ten patients with advanced biliary malignancies were treated by major hepatectomy with pancreatoduodenectomy. Nine patients underwent right portal venous embolization before hepatectomy. Complete external drainage of pancreatic juice followed by second-stage pancreatojejunostomy was performed in five patients. Three of these five underwent concomitant resection of the hepatic artery, portal vein, or both. Pancreatogastrostomy was chosen for five patients who required no concomitant vascular resection. There were no hospital deaths or hepatic failures. Leaks from pancreatogastrostomy occurred in two patients. In five patients who underwent external drainage of pancreatic juice, there were no complications related to the pancreatic stump, although one had ischemic necrosis of the jejunal segment and laparotomy was repeated. Mean survival time was 31.8 months (range 13-59 months). Portal venous embolization and complete external drainage of pancreatic juice followed by late stage pancreatojejunostomy are recommended surgical procedures for patients undergoing major hepatectomy with pancreatoduodenectomy, especially when concomitant vascular resection is required for curative resection of the tumor in patients with a soft pancreatic parenchyma and thin pancreatic duct.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma associated with low chromosome number and microsatellite instability.

Cytogenetic study in a case of a human chromophobe renal cell carcinoma revealed a hypodiploid chromosome number of 36 with loss of chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 17, 21, and X. The tumor DNA showed microsatellite instability in dinucleotide repeat microsatellite markers. This is the fourth case that has been fully karyotyped and showed a low chromosome number in a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Our data in the present study are consistent with those in the literature. It is suggested that human chromophobe renal cell carcinoma may possibly be characterized by tumor cells with low chromosome number or microsatellite instability.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Alteration in mucin gene expression and biological properties of HT29 colon cancer cell subpopulations.

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that HT29 cells selected by adaptation to methotrexate (HT29-MTX) express mature mucins that differ in their immunoreactivity to antibodies against gastric mucin and in the level of one of two major gastric mucin MUC5AC (MUC5) mRNA compared with parental HT29 cells. In this study, we examined the expression of another major gastric mucin, MUC6 mRNA, as well as that of MUC2, -3 and -5 mRNAs in HT29-MTX cells. We also examined their relationship to mucin-related antigen expression and biological properties of the cells such as adhesion to matrigel and E-selectin and in vitro invasiveness, liver colonising activity and degree of differentiation of nude mouse xenograft. Slot blot and Northern analysis revealed markedly increased levels of MUC5 mRNA but no change in MUC6 mRNA level in HT29-MTX cells compared with parental HT29 cells which express barely detectable levels of MUC6 mRNA. A nuclear run-on study showed that MUC5 mRNA was up-regulated at the transcriptional level. The marked increase in MUC5 mRNA was associated with a significant increase in the expression of human gastric mucin and apomucin antigens in HT29-MTX cells. When the adhesive capacity of two cell lines was compared, HT29-MTX cells showed significantly lower adhesion to E-selectin consistent with their lower expression of sialyl Le(x) and sialyl Le(a) antigens compared with HT29 cells. HT29-MTX cells also showed lower adhesive capacity to matrigel than HT29 cells. Interestingly, HT29-MTX cells exhibited significantly decreased liver colonisation capacity in nude mice following splenic vein injection. Furthermore, nude mouse xenograft tumours produced by HT29-MTX cells exhibited a significantly greater degree of differentiation, consisting of mucin-secreting glands than those produced by HT29 cells. In conclusion, these results indicate a shift of predominantly colonic-type mucins to the gastric type, specifically the surface epithelial cell type (MUC5) but not the mucous neck cell or antral gland type (MUC6) in HT29-MTX cells and strongly suggest that altered regulation of mucin genes and the degree of differentiation in cancer cells may be responsible for the altered biological behaviour of these cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Comprehensive analysis of HLA genes in Takayasu arteritis in Japan.

To identify an HLA-linked susceptibility gene to Takayasu's arteritis, comprehensive analysis of HLA genes was performed. By serologic HLA typing, positive associations of Takayasu's arteritis with HLA-B52 and B39 were observed. The DNA typing of HLA-B gene and class II genes (DRB1, DQA1, DPB1) showed positive associations of the disease with HLA-B52, B39.2, DRB1 * 1502 and DPB1 * 0901, confirming in part the serologic observations. Comparison of odds ratio for the risk of disease revealed that HLA-B52 and B39.2 were primarily involved in the susceptibility, while the associations with DRB1 * 1502 and DPB1 * 0901 were suggested to reflect a strong linkage disequilibrium of these class II alleles with HLA-B52 in the Japanese population. Sequencing analyses of HLA-B52 and B39.2 from patients confirmed that they were B 5201 and B 3902, respectively. Comparison of amino acid sequences of these disease-associated HLA-B alleles identified critical amino acid residues of the HLA-B molecule, Glu and Ser at 63rd and 67th positions, respectively, which may determine the susceptibility to Takayasu's arteritis via binding and presenting a yet unknown disease-related antigen.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

Expression of betaine transporter mRNA: its unique localization and rapid regulation in rat kidney.

Betaine is a major compatible osmolyte in the renal medulla. It is taken up into cells via the betaine gamma-amino-n-butyric acid transporter (BGT-1). We investigated the localization of BGT-1 mRNA and its acute regulation by NaCl and furosemide administration. In situ hybridization revealed that BGT-1 mRNA is predominantly present in the outer medulla and papilla. Less intense signals were seen in the inner medulla and no signals were found in the cortex. Microscopic examination suggested that intense signals were present in the medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop (MTAL) and the inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD). A reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction assay of individual microdissected segments along the nephron confirmed its localization. Intraperitoneal administration of NaCl rapidly increased the signal in the MTAL, and furosemide prevented the increase in BGT-1 mRNA by NaCl loading. In contrast, BGT-1 mRNA in the IMCD is less sensitive to these kinds of acute regulation. These results suggest that BGT-1 expression in the MTAL is rapidly regulated in response to the magnitude of NaCl absorption, as suggested for the expression of Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1996

In vivo growth and differentiation potential of tracheal basal cells of rabbits in vitamin A deficiency.

The growth and differentiation potential of rabbit tracheal basal cells were investigated in vitamin A deficient mice. Denuded rat tracheal grafts were xenotransplanted into nude mice made vitamin A deficient by feeding them retinol-free pellets from mid-gestation. Rabbit tracheal epithelial cells harvested enzymatically or cells derived from a basal-cell-rich fraction obtained by elutriation (purity 93.3%) had previously been inoculated into the grafts (n = 8, each). The grafts were implanted into the vitamin A deficient or control mice aged about 10 weeks. Four weeks later, the grafts were retrieved for histological examination. The graft epithelium established by either basal cells or un-fractionated cells in vitamin A deficient hosts (groups 1 and 2, respectively) was atrophic, whereas grafts repopulated with both cell types in the controls had pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Group 1 and 2 grafts both showed squamous metaplasia; 10 metaplastic foci in 32 tracheal rings in group 1 (P < 0.02 or 0.002, compared with values for group 2 or controls, respectively), and 2 foci in 35 rings in group 2 (no statistical difference compared with controls). In conclusion, during vitamin A deficiency, rabbit tracheal epithelial cells, including the progeny of highly-purified basal cells, lost their potential for establishing a mucociliary epithelium and rather appeared to undergo squamous metaplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Catecholamines, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and atrial natriuretic peptide at rest and during submaximal exercise in patients with congestive heart failure.

The aim of this study was to determine the responses of plasma catecholamines, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) activity, and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to exercise in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Cardiac and neurohormonal responses were assessed during submaximal treadmill exercise testing in 23 patients with CHF (New York Heart Association classes I-III) and 13 control subjects (without CHF). Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (ATII), aldosterone, and ANP were measured at rest and immediately after exercise. Exercise duration was shorter in patients with CHF (control, 10.4 +/- 0.9 minute; CHF, 6.2 +/- 0.7 minute; P < 0.01). Heart rate and blood pressure responses were similar except for the smaller peak heart rate (control, 145 +/- 5 beats per minute; CHF, 129 +/- 4 beats per minute; P < 0.05) and higher systolic blood pressure at recovery stage (control, 122 +/- 4 mm Hg; CHF, 142 +/- 4 mm Hg; P < 0.01) in patients with CHF. At rest, plasma norepinephrine levels were insignificantly higher in patients with CHF (control, 110 +/- 10 pg/mL; CHF, 170 +/- 26 pg/mL; P = 0.09), and ANP levels (control, 40 +/- 5 pg/mL; CHF, 94 +/- 17 pg/mL; P < 0.05) and PRA levels (control, 0.77 +/- 0.11 ng/mL/hr; CHF, 4.33 +/- 1.25 ng/mL/hr; P < 0.05) were significantly higher. There were no differences in peak norepinephrine, epinephrine, or ANP between the two groups. Angiotensin II and aldosterone levels were similar between the two groups, although, in patients with CHF, there was a trend toward higher levels of ATII while at rest (control, 12.4 +/- 1.4 pg/mL; CHF, 20.3 +/- 3.3 pg/mL; P = 0.08) and at peak (control, 20.5 +/- 1.8 pg/mL; CHF, 41.0 +/- 9.4 pg/mL; P = 0.10). Peak values of PRA, ATII, and aldosterone positively correlated with respective resting values of PRA (r = 0.88 ng/mL/hr, P < 0.01), ATII (r = 0.63 pg/mL, P < 0.01), and aldosterone (r = 0.99, P < 0.01). Peak norepinephrine and peak ANP also positively correlated with respective resting values of norepinephrine (r = 0.58 pg/mL, P < 0.05) and ANP (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). Analysis of these results showed that patients with CHF had significantly higher levels of PRA and ANP at rest, and a trend toward augmentation in RAA system activity during exercise with less exercise workload. Basal level of neurohormones seemed to be an important determinant for the degree of exercise-induced neurohormonal activation in patients with CHF.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1996

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and bronchoalveolar lung carcinoma. Analysis by morphometry and the expressions of p53 and carcinoembryonic antigen.

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) of the lung is a putative precursor of bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC). To define the steps in its development and to clarify at which stage critical cellular events occur, we studied 65 lesions of AAH, early BAC, and overt BAC by morphometric analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation of expression of p53 protein and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Both the nuclear area and lesion size increased from AAH to early BAC and to overt BAC; the standardized variation of nuclear area was smallest in overt BAC. Discriminant analysis using these morphometric parameters revealed high accuracy rates for the respective categories. Analysis of distribution of lung lesions in terms of nuclear area and lesion size yielded effective, potentially diagnostic cutoff values for distinction between AAH and early BAC. Both p53 and CEA expression tended to increase with the advance of atypia grade. In particular, high-level p53 expression was strongly correlated with overt BAC. These findings indicate that our classification of lung lesions is reproducible and thus useful for analyzing the development of BAC. Furthermore, some kinds of p53 gene abnormalities that are correlated with high-level p53 expression likely play an important role in the progression of early to overt BAC.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗