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Biomedical subjects

H Kitagawa

Publications and source records attributed to H Kitagawa.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Inhibitory effects of various spasmolytics on the vagal afferent gastric excitatory response in cats.

The inhibitory effects of atropine, cimetropium, pirenzepine and N-butylscopolamine on the vagal afferent gastric excitatory response in cats under anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium and infusion of gallamine were examined. Electrical stimulation of vagal trunk in left side (10 Hz in frequency, 3 msec in duration, 15 V in intensity and for 10 sec) caused an initial gastric excitatory response during the period of stimulation followed by a late excitatory gastric response after stimulation in normal cats. The initial response was inhibited by atropine (100 microg/kg, i.v.) and hexamethonium (10 mg/kg, i.v.), while the late response was inhibited by atropine but not by hexamethonium (10 mg/kg, i.v.). In chronic supranodose vagotomized cats 11-15 days after the operation, stimulation of the vagal trunk caused a late gastric excitatory response after the stimulation period, which was inhibited by atropine (100 microg/kg, i.v.) but not by hexamethonium (10 mg/kg, i.v.). The two types of gastric responses in normal cats have been defined as follows: the initial gastric excitatory response (atropine- and hexamethonium- sensitive) is due to activation of vagal efferent fibers and the late gastric excitatory response (atropine-sensitive and hexamethonium-resistant) is due to activation of vagal afferent fibers. ED50 values of atropine, cimetropium, pirenzepine and N-butylscopolamine in inhibiting the vagal afferent gastric response were 7.2 microg/kg (n=4), 2.4 microg/kg (n=6), 82.6 microg/kg (n=3) and 93.0 microg/kg (n=4), respectively. The inhibitory effects of atropine and cimetropium on the vagal afferent gastric excitatory response (hexamethonium-resistant) were more potent than those of pirenzepine and N-butylscopolamine. These results suggested that the potent inhibitory effects of cimetropium and atropine on the vagal afferent gastric response may involve a potent spasmolytic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Surgical strategy for carcinoma of the papilla of Vater on the basis of lymphatic spread and mode of recurrence.

BACKGROUND: Nodal status is one of the most important prognostic factors for carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. The pattern of lymphatic spread and mode of recurrence were analyzed by determining the frequency of nodal involvement and antemortem and postmortem examination of patients with recurrent disease. METHODS: From 1974 to 1994, 36 patients with carcinoma of papilla of Vater underwent pancreatectomy at the Kanazawa University Hospital. A precise evaluation of the nodal involvement was determined by means of careful pathologic review of the extended lymphadenectomy specimen. The mode of recurrence was determined by use of autopsy and radiographic examinations. RESULTS: Fifteen (42%) of 36 patients had nodal involvement. The lymph nodes with the highest metastatic rates were the inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes (number 13b) and the superior mesenteric lymph nodes (number 14) (13b, 31%; 14, 17%). There were no metastases in the perigastric lymph nodes. A significant relationship existed between the gross appearance of the primary tumor and nodal involvement (protruding, 22%; mixed type, 42%; ulcerative, 100%). The 5-year survival rates were 74% in the absence of nodal metastasis versus 31% with nodal metastasis. The 5-year survival rates for patients with protruding, mixed type, and ulcerative tumors were 75%, 49%, and 17%, respectively. Survival and recurrence were significantly correlated to gross appearance and nodal involvement. Retroperitoneal recurrence and liver metastasis were main modes of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node 13b is important in lymphatic metastasis to the superior mesenteric lymph nodes for carcinoma of papilla of Vater. Nodal dissection around the superior mesenteric artery is needed to improve the prognosis of carcinoma of papilla of Vater except in the nonexposed protruding tumor. Pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy may be indicated in patients with carcinoma of the papilla of Vater.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Morphological and morphometric features of the deformed cervical and caudal vertebrae in a new mutant knotty-tail (knt/knt) mouse.

Morphological and morphometric examinations were conducted on skeletons of knotty-tail (knt/knt) mouse, a new autosomal recessive mutant. The knt/knt mice have short and knotty tails. The number of caudal vertebrae is reduced and their deformed caudal vertebrae show no parallelism between the epiphyseal planes and no osseous fusions. Morphological changes, except for the caudal vertebrae, are confined to the neural arches of the axis in knt/knt mice. As for the tail anomaly, the knt gene seems to have the same action as the tk gene, but knt/knt mice differ from other strains with respect to cervical morphology. The morphometry of the caudal vertebrae revealed that knt/knt mice have a discontinuous and lower ratio of width to length after their 6th caudal vertebra. The morphometry also revealed that knt/knt mice have 1) broadened cervical vertebrae in the transverse direction, 2) thickened ventral lamina of the 6th cervical vertebra and 3) shortened and broadened ventral tuberculum of the atlas. From these results, the knt/knt mouse was considered to be a new pleomorphic mutant.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Assessment of glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage tetrasaccharides as acceptors for GalNAc- and GlcNAc-transferases from mouse mastocytoma.

Two glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage tetrasaccharide-serine compounds, GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Xylbeta1-O-Ser and GlcAbeta1-3Gal(4-O-sulfate)beta1-3Galbeta1-4Xylbeta1-O -Ser, were tested as hexosamine acceptors, using UDP-[3H]GlcNAc and UDP-[3H]GalNAc as sugar donors, and solubilized mouse mastocytoma microsomes as enzyme source. The nonsulfated Ser-tetrasaccharide was found to function as an acceptor for a GalNAc residue, whereas the Ser-tetrasaccharide containing a sulfated galactose unit was inactive. Characterization of the radio-labelled product by digestion with alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase revealed that the [3H]GalNAc unit was alpha-linked, as in the product previously synthesized using serum enzymes, and not beta-linked as found in the chondroitin sulfate polymer. Heparan sulfate/heparin biosynthesis could not be primed by either of the two linkage Ser-tetrasaccharides, since no transfer of [3H]GlcNAc from UDP-[3H]GlcNAc could be detected. By contrast, transfer of a [3H]GlcNAc unit to a [GlcAbeta1-4GlcNAcalpha1-4]2-GlcAbeta1-4-aMan hexasaccharide acceptor used to assay the GlcNAc transferase involved in chain elongation, was readily detected. These results are in agreement with the recent proposal that two different N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases catalyse the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate. Although the mastocytoma system contains both the heparan sulfate/heparin and chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic enzymes the Ser-tetrasaccharides do not seem to fulfil the requirements to serve as acceptors for the first HexNAc transfer reactions involved in the formation of these polysaccharides.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Chemoprevention of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats by low-dose EPA and DHA.

We investigated the effects of low-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the incidence and growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. We also examined the effects of these treatments on the fatty acid composition of tumour and serum. Tumour incidence was significantly decreased by the administration of low-dose EPA and DHA, whereas their inhibitory effects on tumour growth did not reach significance. Serum arachidonic acid (AA) level was decreased by the administration of low-dose EPA and tended to be decreased by the administration of low-dose DHA, whereas tumour AA levels were not changed. The administration of low-dose EPA and DHA may be useful for inhibiting the incidence of breast cancer.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1997

Sensitometric effects of varying the intensifying screens used with Agfa Dentus ST8G and RP6 panoramic radiographic films.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the sensitometric effects and information yield of varying the intensifying screens used with both Dentus ST8G and RP6 Agfa Gevaert, Dormagen, Germany panoramic radiographic films. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four screen-film combinations were employed for each of the two film types. The screens used were blue fluorescing PX-III (Kasei Optonix, Tokyo, Japan) and Special (Siemens AG, Bensheim, Germany), as well as green fluorescing Lanex Regular (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) and Trimax T16 (3M, Mineapolis, Minnesota, USA). The density response for each screen-film combination was evaluated using the characteristic curves generated. Information yield, as determined by the radiographic detection of defects in an aluminium test object, was evaluated by nine observers. RESULTS: The characteristic curves for ST8G were different when green and blue fluorescing screens were used; however, those for RP6 varied little irrespective of the choice of intensifying screens. Observers were able to perceive defects at significantly lower radiation exposures for ST8G combined with green fluorescing screens compared with blue emitting screens. RP6 with all screen combinations provided similar image detail perceptibility at comparable exposures with ST8G with green-fluorescing screens. CONCLUSIONS: RP6 is suitable for use with either the spectrally matched blue emitting screens or green-emitting screens. ST8G radiographic film should always be matched to rare earth screens.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Prediction of the surgical outcome for the treatment of cervical myelopathy by using hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) in predicting the recovery after surgery in patients with cervical compression myelopathy was evaluated. HBO has been used to treat brain and spinal cord diseases, but the effect is generally temporary. This is the first paper to utilize HBO as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the functional integrity of the spinal cord. The study group consisted of 41 cervical myelopathy patients aged 32-78 years. Before surgery, the effect of HBO was evaluated and was categorized as four grades. The severity of the myelopathy and the recovery after surgery were evaluated by the score proposed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA score). The correlation between many clinical parameters including the HBO effect and the recovery rate of JOA score was evaluated. The recovery rate of JOA score was found to be 75.2 +/- 20.8% in the excellent group, 78.1 +/- 17.0% in the good group, 66.7 +/- 21.9% in the fair group and 31.7 +/- 16.4% in the poor group. There was a statistically significant correlation between the HBO effect and the recovery rate of the JOA score after surgery (r = 0.641, P < 0.0001). The effect of HBO showed a high correlation with the recovery rate after surgery as compared to the other investigated parameters. HBO can be employed to assess the chance of recovery of spinal cord function after surgical decompression.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Regulation of chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis by specific sulfation: acceptor specificity of serum beta-GalNAc transferase revealed by structurally defined oligosaccharides.

The relationship between sulfation and polymerization in chondroitin sulfate (CS) biosynthesis has been poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the specificity of bovine serum UDP-GalNAc: CS beta-GalNAc transferase responsible for chain elongation using structurally defined acceptor substrates. They consisted of tetra- and hexasaccharide-serines that were chemically synthesized and various regular oligosaccharides with a GlcA residue at the nonreducing terminus, prepared from chondroitin and CS using testicular hyaluronidase. The enzyme preparation was obtained from fetal bovine serum by means of heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The preparation did not contain the alpha-GalNAc transferase recently demonstrated in fetal bovine serum (Kitagawa et al., J. Biol. Chem., 270, 22190-22195, 1995), that utilizes common acceptor substrates. The beta-GalNAc transferase used as acceptors, two hexasaccharide-serines GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-4GlcA beta 1-3Gal beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Xyl beta 1-O-Ser and GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc(4-sulfate) beta 1-4GlcA beta 1-3Gal (4-sulfate) beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Xyl beta 1-O-Ser, but neither the monosulfated hexasaccharide-serine GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc(4-sulfate) beta 1-4GlcA beta 1-3Gal beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Xyl beta 1-O-Ser nor tetrasaccharide-serines with or without a sulfate group at C-4 of the third sugar residue Gal-3 from the reducing end. The results indicated that the sulfate group at the Gal-3 C-4 markedly affected the transfer of GalNAc to the terminal GlcA. In addition, a sulfate group at C-4 of the reducing terminal GalNAc of regular tetrasaccharides remarkably enhanced the GalNAc transfer, suggesting that the enzyme recognizes up to the fourth saccharide residue from the nonreducing end. The level of incorporation into a tetra- or hexasaccharide containing a terminal 2-O-sulfated GlcA residue was significant, whereas there was no apparent incorporation into tetra- or hexasaccharides containing a terminal 3-O-sulfated GlcA or penultimate 4,6-O-disulfated GalNAc residue. These results indicated that sulfation reactions play important roles in chain elongation and termination.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of serum beta-glucuronyltransferase involved in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis.

We studied a glucuronyltransferase involved in chondroitin sulfate (CS) biosynthesis in a preparation obtained from fetal bovine serum by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. This enzyme transferred GlcA from UDP-GlcA to the nonreducing GalNAc residues of polymeric chondroitin. It required Mn2+ for maximal activity and showed a sharp pH optimum between pH 5.5 and 6.0. The apparent Km value of the glucuronyltransferase for UDP-GlcA was 51 microM. The specificity was investigated using structurally defined acceptor substrates, which consisted of chemically synthesized tri-, penta-, and heptasaccharide-serines and various odd-numbered oligosaccharides with a GalNAc residue at the nonreducing terminus, prepared from chondroitin and CS by chondroitinase ABC digestion followed by mercuric acetate treatment. The enzyme utilized a heptasaccharide-serine GalNAc beta 1-4GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-4GlcA beta 1-3Gal beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Xyl beta 1-O-Ser and a pentasaccharide-serine GalNAc beta 1-4GlcA beta 1-3Gal beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Xyl beta 1-O-Ser as acceptors. In contrast, neither a trisaccharide-serine Gal beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Xyl beta 1-O-Ser nor an alpha-GalNAc-capped pentasaccharide-serine GalNAc alpha 1-4GlcA beta 1-3Gal beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Xyl beta 1-O-Ser that is a model compound of the reaction product formed by the action of the alpha-GalNAc transferase recently demonstrated in fetal bovine serum (Kitagawa et al., J. Biol. Chem., 270, 22190-22195, 1995) was utilized as an acceptor. Besides, all nonsulfated odd-numbered oligosaccharides except for the trisaccharide GalNAc beta 1-4GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc served as acceptors and the transfer rates roughly increased with increasing chain length. Moreover, 6-O-sulfation of nonreducing terminal GalNAc markedly enhanced GlcA transfer, whereas 4-O-sulfation had little effect on it. These results indicated that at least two glucuronyltransferases are involved in the biosynthesis of CS and that sulfation reactions may play important roles in chain elongation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Structural variations in the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region of recombinant decorin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Decorin is a small fibroblast proteoglycan consisting of a core protein and a single chondroitin/dermatan sulfate chain. The structure of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of the recombinant decorin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells was investigated. The decorin was secreted in the culture medium and isolated by anion-exchange chromatography. The glycosaminoglycan chain was released from the decorin by beta-elimination using alkaline NaBH4, and then digested with chondroitinase ABC. These treatments resulted in a major and a few minor hexasaccharide alditols derived from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region. Their structures were analyzed by enzymatic digestion in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography. Two of these compounds have the conventional hexasaccharide core, deltaHexA alpha1-3GalNAc beta1-4GlcA beta1-3Gal beta1-3Gal beta1-4Xyl-ol. One is nonsulfated, and the other is monosulfated on C4 of the GalNAc residue. They represent 12% and 60% of the total linkage region, respectively. The other compound has the hexasaccharide alditol with an internal iduronic acid residue deltaHexA alpha1-3GalNAc(4-sulfate)beta1-4IdoA alpha1-3Gal beta1-3Gal beta1-4Xyl-ol, which was previously demonstrated in one of the five linkage hexasaccharide alditols isolated from dermatan sulfate proteoglycans of bovine aorta (Sugahara et al., J. Biol. Chem., 270, 7204-7212, 1995). The compound accounts for 11% of the total linkage region. These structural variations in the linkage hexasaccharide region of the decorin strikingly contrast to the uniformity demonstrated in the linkage hexasaccharide structure of human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (Yamada et al., Glycobiology, 5, 335-341, 1995) and urinary trypsin inhibitor (Yamada et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 233, 687-693, 1995), both of which have a single chondroitin sulfate chain with a uniform linkage hexasaccharide structure, deltaHexA alpha1-3GalNAc(4-sulfate)beta1-4GlcA beta1-3Gal(4-sulfate)beta1-3Gal beta1-4Xyl, containing a 4-O-sulfated Gal residue.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

Simplified preparation of a refined milk formula comparable to rat's milk: influence of the formula on development of the gut and brain in artificially reared rat pups.

BACKGROUND: Milk formulas for artificially reared (AR) rat pups are mostly based on complex cow's milk products, prepared by laborious and time-consuming processes. The aim of this study was to develop a simplified procedure for preparing a refined formula and to examine its influences on gut and brain development. METHODS: The formula comprised a combination of purified cow's casein and whey proteins, five kinds of edible oil, minerals, and vitamins. Detailed analyses showed that the composition of macro- and micro-nutrients, osmolarity, and pH of the new formula closely resembled those of rat's milk. Rat pups, each with an intragastric cannula implanted at age 5 days, were artificially reared for the following 10-15 days. RESULTS: The body weight gain of AR pups matched that of mother-reared (MR) pups. Histoplanimetrical analyses showed that the small intestine in AR pups was more developed in relation to area of a transverse section, number and length of villi, and thickness of tunica muscularis than that of MR pups. Fat components in the formula influenced the fatty acid composition and the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio in the small intestinal microvillus membrane (MVM) of AR pups, but not the MVM fluidity. Brain weight was not significantly different between the two groups at age 15-20 days. CONCLUSION: This formula is useful for artificial rearing of rats and for identifying dietary components contributing to metabolic adaptation during the suckling period.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A new, concise dialysis approach to assessment of cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal abnormalities.

We applied a dialysis technique to the hearts of anesthetized cats and examined whether the concentration of dialysate norepinephrine (NE) reflected NE disposition at the cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals. Dialysis probes were implanted in the left ventricular wall, and dialysate NE concentrations were measured as an index of myocardial interstitial NE levels. Stimulation of stellate ganglia significantly increased dialysate NE responses that were suppressed by local administration of an NE-releasing inhibitor (omega-conotoxin GVIA, 10 microM). Increments in basal dialysate NE levels were correlated with concentrations of a locally administered neuronal uptake blocker (desipramine; 1, 10, and 100 microM). Desipramine (100 microM) augmented stimulation-induced dialysate NE responses. Local administration of a neuronal vesicle uptake blocker (reserpine, 1 and 10 microM) did not alter dialysate NE levels but increased dialysate dihydroxyphenylglycol levels. An NE-releasing amine (tyramine, 100 microg/ml) was locally administered to examine NE storage capacity at the nerve terminal. The tyramine-induced NE-releasing response was completely abolished by pretreatment with reserpine (1 mg/kg i.p.). Thus cardiac dialysis with local administration of a pharmacological tool offers a new, concise approach to assessment of neuronal NE release, uptake, vesicle uptake, and storage capacity by cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Immunomapping of basement membrane zone macromolecules in canine salt-split skin.

Certain macromolecules of human and canine cutaneous basement membrane zone (BMZ) have shown to have responsibilities for pathogenesis of mechanobullous skin diseases. Salt-split skin by 1 M NaCl have been used for diagnosis of human mechanobullous diseases. However, there have been no studies to characterize canine salt-split skin. Electron microscopy of canine salt-split skin showed the separation within lamina lucida. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed the roof of the cleft was labeled by human patient serum with bullous pemphigoid, whereas laminin, laminin 5, type IV and type VII collagen were labeled at the bottom of the cleft. It is suggested that immunomapping of salt-split skin may be useful for the differential diagnosis of canine mechanobullous diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Efficacy of monotherapy with benazepril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, in dogs with naturally acquired chronic mitral insufficiency.

Benazepril (BP), an angiotensin convertive enzyme inhibitor, was administered orally once daily for 4 weeks to 31 dogs with mild to moderate (NYHA functional classes II and III) congestive heart failure caused from mitral insufficiency (MI). There were no significant changes in clinical signs, electrocardiogram findings, radiographical observations and plasma biochemical results in 11 dogs treated with placebo for 4 weeks. In 31 dogs treated with BP, appetite increased, and mean scores of heart failure signs, such as activity, exercise tolerance, cough and respiratory effort, were significantly improved. No dog displays signs suggesting systemic hypotension. One dog died suddenly on the 26th day of treatment with BP. This dog had good vigor and appetite till the evening before the death, and cough and exercise tolerance had been gradually improving. The heart rate and ECG parameters of BP treated dogs did not change significantly, but length of long axis of the heart decreased. In plasma biochemical tests, plasma urea nitrogen (UN) levels did not change significantly, and plasma creatinine (CRE) levels increased slightly within the normal ranges during BP trial. Two dogs had higher plasma UN levels with slightly higher plasma CRE levels, but had normal general condition and other biochemical results. Plasma ACE activity decreased to 57.3% of pre-treatment level at 4 weeks after BP treatment. It is concluded that BP monotherapy was efficacious at least in dogs with relatively low grade congestive heart failure caused by MI.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of laboratory data in dogs with heartworm caval syndrome surviving and nonsurviving after surgical treatment.

Laboratory data in 47 dogs with caval syndrome (CS) surviving after surgical HW removal compared with those in 15 dogs with CS which died after the treatment. The number of HWs removed in surviving dogs was significantly greater than in nonsurviving dogs. The Ht value was significantly higher in nonsurviving dogs than in surviving dogs. Plasma enzyme activities ranged widely from normal to extremely high levels, and there were no significant differences in plasma enzyme activities between the surviving and nonsurviving dogs. Serum total protein, and plasma triglyceride, creatinine, glucose, calcium, sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) levels were much similar between the HW-free and surviving dogs, but significantly different between the HW-free and nonsurviving dogs. Plasma urea nitrogen, uric acid and potassium levels were higher, and plasma Na and Cl levels were lower in nonsurviving dogs than in surviving dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Lymphatic flow and neural plexus invasion associated with carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas.

BACKGROUND: Lymph node status and neural plexus invasion are the most important prognostic factors that may be amenable to surgery for carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. The pattern of lymphatic spread and neural plexus invasion were evaluated by analysis of various clinicopathologic factors. METHODS: Twenty patients with carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas underwent pancreatectomy with systemic regional lymph node dissection at Kanazawa University Hospital. A precise evaluation of their lymph node involvement and neural plexus invasion was determined. RESULTS: Sixteen of 20 patients (80%) had lymph node involvement. The lymph nodes with a high metastatic rate were those along the splenic artery (50%), the inferior body lymph nodes (35%), the lymph nodes around the common hepatic artery (25%), and the paraaortic lymph nodes (20%). There was no relationship between tumor size, histologic type, and lymph node involvement. Plexus invasion was observed in 14 patients (70%). The most frequent site was the splenic plexus, but between 15% and 20% of the patients had celiac or superior mesenteric plexus invasion. There was no relationship between tumor size, histologic type, and neural plexus invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, extended lymphadenectomy including the paraaortic lymph nodes, celiac lymph nodes, and superior mesenteric lymph nodes may improve the prognosis for patients with carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. Extrapancreatic neural plexus dissection, especially of the celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus, also is necessary.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Novel sulfated oligosaccharides containing 3-O-sulfated glucuronic acid from king crab cartilage chondroitin sulfate K. Unexpected degradation by chondroitinase ABC.

We prepared a series of oligosaccharides from king crab cartilage chondroitin sulfate K after exhaustive digestion with testicular hyaluronidase, and determined the structures of four tetrasaccharides and a pentasaccharide by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography analysis of chondroitinase AC-II digests, and 500-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy. The tetrasaccharides shared the common core structure GlcAbeta1-3GalNAcbeta1-4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc with various sulfation profiles. One structure was GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(4S)beta1-4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(4S), whereas three of them have the following hitherto unreported structures including a novel glucuronate 3-O-sulfate: GlcA(3S)beta1-3GalNAc(4S)beta1-4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(4S), GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(4S)beta1-4GlcA(3S)beta1-3GalNAc(4S), and GlcA(3S)beta1-3GalNAc(4S)beta1-4GlcA(3S)beta1-3GalNAc(4S), where 3S or 4S represents 3-O- or 4-O-sulfate, respectively. The structure of the pentasaccharide was determined as GlcA(3S)beta1-3GalNAc(4S)beta1-4GlcA(3S)beta1- 3GalNAc(4S)beta1-4GlcA. Chondroitinase ABC digestion of the tetrasaccharides with GlcA(3S) at the internal position destroyed the disaccharide unit containing GlcA(3S) derived from the reducing side and resulted in only the disaccharide unit from the non-reducing side. In contrast, these tetrasaccharides remained totally resistant to chondroitinase AC-II. The results indicated that it is necessary to reevaluate the disaccharide composition of chondroitin sulfate poly- or oligosaccharides purified from various biological sources, since they were usually determined after chondroitinase ABC digestion. It is probable that the structures containing GlcA(3S) would not have been detected.

Animals↗