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Biomedical subjects

H Kim

Publications and source records attributed to H Kim.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Magnetic-resonance imaging used for determining fat distribution in obesity and diabetes.

Computed-tomography scanning and magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to quantify intraabdominal and subcutaneous fat depots. In this study MRI was used to define fat-distribution patterns in 24 obese females with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) and 12 females with simple obesity. Subjects had anthropometric measurements and single-slice abdominal scans performed at the umbilicus. In addition, in 10 of the nondiabetic females, measurements were repeated after 10 wk of a very-low-calorie diet. Nondiabetic females had significantly less intraabdominal fat (P less than 0.01) than did the diabetics but had equivalent subcutaneous fat. There was no significant relationship between waist-to-hip ratio and intraabdominal fat, subcutaneous fat, or their ratio. After a weight loss of 10.6 +/- 3.8 kg there were significant decreases in both intraabdominal and subcutaneous fat (P less than 0.01). Weight loss is associated with decreases in fat in both depots.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Fusion and fragmentation of phospholipid vesicles by apohemoglobin at low pH.

Human apohemoglobin in acidic media was found to induce fusion of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine (1:1) vesicles at low protein concentration but to fragment the same vesicles to form micellar complex at high protein concentration. The fusion was demonstrated by size increase, vesicle content mixing, lipid mixing, and electron microscopy. The micellization of phospholipid vesicles was observed by light scattering, gel filtration, and electron microscopy. The hydrophobic labeling of the apohemoglobin/vesicle complex followed by CNBr cleavage of apohemoglobin showed that an N-terminal segment of the beta subunit with a molecular weight of approximately 6,000 seems to be mainly involved in the fusion process, but the whole sequences of both alpha and beta chains participate in the micellization process.

Apoproteins↗
PubMed1991

Molecular diversity and function of G proteins and calcium channels.

General features of signal transduction by G proteins and structural properties of G-protein-modulated calcium channels are described. Recent results on roles of beta gamma dimers in signal transduction, on the kinetic properties of Gi alpha subunits and structural diversity of Go alpha subunits are discussed, as are the background and current state of our knowledge of the modulation of calcium channels by G proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Subcutaneous pedicle hypothenar island flap.

The status of the blood supply to the hypothenar skin was investigated by anatomical and radiological studies. The investigation revealed that the hypothenar skin receives a rich blood supply from the arterial network by branches from the palmar ulnar artery of the little finger and the hypothenar branches. By making use of this abundance of vascular networking, a subcutaneous pedicle flap was obtained from this site. This method was clinically applied to 7 patients, and the procedures and advantages of the method are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Embryonic mouse spinal cord motor neuron hybrid cells.

Studies of motor neurons are difficult because of limitations in their isolation and culture. One solution is to produce clonal neural hybrid cells that can express motor neuron characteristics; we fused an aminopterin-sensitive and neomycin-resistant mouse neuroblastoma cell line to isolated embryonic mouse spinal cord motor neurons. Several hybrid neuron cell lines expressing high levels of choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) enzyme activity were found. These were cloned and clones with high CHAT activity isolated. The hybrid nature of cloned cells was confirmed by karyotyping and determining glucose phosphate isomerase allozymes. The availability of these embryonic clonal hybrid cells will enable molecular, physiological, and biochemical studies to define motor neuron-specific properties.

Aminopterin↗
PubMed1991

Common cis-acting region responsible for transcriptional regulation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum hydrogenase by nickel, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Bradyrhizobium japonicum expresses hydrogenase in microaerophilic free-living conditions in the presence of nickel. Plasmid-borne hup-lacZ transcriptional fusion constructs were used to study the regulation of the hydrogenase gene. The hydrogenase gene was transcriptionally induced under microaerobic conditions (0.1 to 3.0% partial pressure O2). The hydrogenase gene was not transcribed or was poorly transcribed in strictly anaerobic conditions or conditions above 3.0% O2. Hydrogen gas at levels as low as 0.1% partial pressure induced hydrogenase transcription, and a high level of transcription was maintained up to at least 10% H2 concentration. No transcription was observed in the absence of H2. Hydrogenase was regulated by H2, O2, and Ni when the 5'-upstream sequence was pared down to include base number -168. However, when the upstream sequence was pared down to base number -118, the regulatory response to O2, H2, and Ni levels was negated. Thus, a common cis-acting regulatory region localized within 50 bp is critical for the regulation of hydrogenase by hydrogen, oxygen, and nickel. As a control, the B. japonicum hemA gene which codes for delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase was also fused to the promoterless lacZ gene, and its regulation was tested in the presence of various concentrations of O2 and H2. hemA-lacZ transcription was not dependent on levels of Ni, O2, or H2. Two different hup-lacZ fusions were tested in a Hup- background, strain JH47; these hup-lacZ constructs in JH47 demonstrated dependency on nickel, O2, and H2, indicating that the hydrogenase protein itself is not a sensor for regulation by O2, H2, or nickel.

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Expression of the secretory leukoprotease inhibitor gene in epithelial cells.

The secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) gene codes for a 12-kD protein that within the lung protects the airway epithelium from neutrophil elastase. Screening of 228 alleles in 114 individuals for sequence differences by RNase protection of genomic DNA revealed no detectable polymorphisms in SLPI gene exons II-IV. SLPI gene expression in the lung was demonstrated by identifying SLPI mRNA transcripts in bronchial epithelial cells freshly isolated from normals. Cell lines derived from mucosal surfaces (HS-24 bronchial squamous cell carcinoma, HeLa cervical carcinoma) actively transcribe the SLPI gene and contain SLPI mRNA transcripts, while lung fibroblasts demonstrate no evidence of SLPI gene expression. SLPI mRNA transcripts appear to be relatively stable, with mRNA levels only mildly affected by inhibition of RNA synthesis. Chromatin DNA of HS-24 cells demonstrates two DNase I hypersensitivity sites within the 5' flanking region of exon I of the SLPI gene, whereas fibroblast chromatin has no DNase I accessible sites in the same region. Further analysis of the 5' flanking region demonstrated two contiguous transcription start sites, CAAT and TATA boxes, and several potential regions of known DNA binding proteins. Overall, the SLPI gene appears to be a relatively nonpolymorphic, stable gene that is constitutively expressed at specific tissue sites, but has the potential to be modulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Enterochromaffin-like cells and gastric argyrophil carcinoidosis.

The relevance of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in gastric pathobiology has generated considerable interest particularly since the recent description of a pathological state characterized as gastric argyrophilic carcinoidosis. The morphological and biofunctional properties of these cells are distinct from other gastric endocrine cells. It is probable that ECL cells have a major role in the regulation of parietal cell function. Other possible functions may include a trophic regulatory influence. Of particular interest is the recent observation that agents which result in profound and sustained acid inhibition may cause ECL cell hyperplasia. This phenomenon has also been noted in human disease states in which a significant decrease in acid section is evident (pernicious anemia/atrophic gastritis). In patients with gastrinomas of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type I group, therapeutically induced acid inhibition may result in gastric ECL hyperplasia and even neoplasia (gastric carcinoid or ECLoma). Similarly, in the rodent species mastomys, which is genetically predisposed to the formation of gastric carcinoids, exposure to acid inhibitory agents results in rapid (90-120 days) development of gastric carcinoids. The pathobiological relevance of ECL cells and the mechanisms of their inducible hyperplasia and neoplasia may be of considerable significance in understanding the regulatory role of gastric endocrine cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Incidence estimation of stomach cancer among Koreans.

A series of incidence estimation studies of cancers among Koreans through a nationwide survey has been undertaken by authors since 1988. The medical records were studied of inpatients with diagnoses of either ICD-9 151 (malignant neoplasm of the stomach), or 197 (secondary malignant neoplasm of the respiratory and digestive systems), or 211 (benign neoplasm of other parts of the digestive system) in claims sent in by medical care institutions throughout the country to the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) during the period from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1987. These records were abstracted in order to identify and confirm the new cases of stomach cancer among the beneficiaries of the KMIC, which covers about 10% of whole Korean population. Using these data from the KMIC, the incidence patterns of stomach cancer among Koreans were estimated as of July 1, 1986 to June 30, 1987. The crude incidence rates of stomach cancer among Koreans are estimated to be 36.2 (95% tonfidence interval; 35.3-36.9) and 21.0 (95% CI; 20.3-21.6) per 100,000 in males and females, respectively. The cumulative rates for age spans 0-64 and 0-74 are 3.8% and 7.3% in males, respectively. In females they are 1.8% and 3.0%. The adjusted rates for the world population are 57.9 in males and 25.1 in females, which are similar to those of Shanghai, China '78-'82 but lower than those of Osaka, Japan. The truncated rates for ages 35-64 years, however, are 108.3 in males and 49.1 in females, which may be the highest in the world. Among Koreans in Korea, an increased risk of stomach cancer in this age group is the notable finding. Incidence patterns of stomach cancer by age, sex, and area, which are the first report in Korea, are analyzed and presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effects of iodinated fatty acid ester on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

The interaction between Lipiodol and cells was studied by treating Lipiodol in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(Hep) and mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Irregular, sustained radioactivity was released from both cell lines shortly after incubation in the radioiodinated Lipiodol mixed media. Lipiodol droplets were found to be firmly attached to the cells following the incubation and these cells were strongly positive for fat stains. The radioiodinated Lipiodol demonstrated the same behavior of accumulation within the cell and on the cell membrane. Although the amount of Lipiodol attached was almost equal in both of the cell lines, the final amount accumulated in the cells was larger in the Hep cells. The accumulation of Lipiodol within the cell and on the cell membrane may play a significant role for its selective targeting and its prolonged retention in the solid tumor.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1991

Synthesis and biological activity of novel 3-(2-propenyl)-cephalosporins. I.

The synthesis, antibacterial activity and oral absorption of novel cephalosporins (3a-3d) having a 2-propenyl group at the C-3 position are described. Diphenylmethyl 7-amino-3-(2-propenyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylate HCl (4) prepared from 7-aminocephalosporanic acid in 12 steps was acylated with various acid moieties to give cephems 3a-3d. The cephems 3a-3c showed similar antibacterial activities as cefixime. However, these cephems were not well absorbed orally.

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

[[Changing patterns and projections of headship rates in Korea]].

"The purpose of this study was to calculate the headship rate for time-series analysis,...to review the patterns of changing headship rates and related factors and to estimate the headship rates to 2010 [for the Republic of Korea].... The data used for this study were derived from the Population and Housing Census Reports from 1960 through 1990, U.N. Manual VII and household-related literature....[The authors predict that] the total headship rate will maintain a uniform pattern of decrease and increase by specific age and peak headship rates will gradually extend to younger people.... Rural headship rates will decrease steadily and be greatly influenced by age structure.... In addition, the difference in headship rates between male and female will be great....Lastly, both the divorced and the single will have increasing headship rates for all ages [with] the single [having] the most rapid increase rate after their thirties." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1991

Block resection of the hepatoduodenal ligament for carcinoma of the bile duct and gallbladder. Surgical technique and a report of 11 cases.

Carcinoma of the bile duct and gallbladder often infiltrates the entire hepatoduodenal ligament. Therefore radical resection should include block resection of the hepatoduodenal ligament. Over the last two years, block resection of the hepatoduodenal ligament for carcinoma of the bile duct and gallbladder was performed in 11 patients. When the carcinoma was located in the hilar bile duct, a combination of hemihepatectomy including the caudate lobe and ligamentetomy, "hepato-ligamentectomy", was performed (six cases). When the carcinoma was in the lower bile duct, a combination of pancreatico-duodenectomy and ligamentectomy, "ligamento-pancreatectomy", was performed (three cases). In two extremely advanced cases a combination of both hepatectomy and pancreatectomy with ligamentectomy, "hepato-ligamento-pancreatectomy", was performed. To accomplish these procedures safely, double catheter bypass of the portal circulation, devised by the authors in 1986, proved very effective in maintaining sufficient hepatic circulation and preventing portal congestion during block resection of the hepatoduodenal ligament. Histological evidence of invasion of the carcinoma cells into the hepatoduodenal ligament was detected in 10 cases, and in half of them the hepatic artery or portal vein was involved. As of April 1988, five cases in whom curative resection was performed are still alive, the longest survival period being 18 months. Four cases died in the early postoperative period, three of the deaths being due to sepsis and one to respirator malfunction.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1991

Evidence for tau expression in cells of monocyte lineage and its in vitro phosphorylation by v-fms kinase.

The v-fms encoded kinase, which is known to associate with cytoskeletal elements, was shown to phosphorylate histiocytic proteins that had physical and immunological attributes in common with tau. Tau is a microtubule associated protein that is aberrantly phosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease of the brain. Since c-fms expression is normally exclusive to cells of monocyte lineage, these cells were examined for expression of tau. Heat stable tau was identified in cultured peripheral blood monocytes. This represents the first molecular characterization of tau in cells of non-neural origin.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1991

[A case of adrenoleukodystrophy presenting large lesion of the cerebellar white matter and dentate nuclei on brain CT and MRI].

A 17-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of slowly progressive gait disturbance. His initial symptoms were behavioral change and mental deterioration starting at age 16. One year later, unstable gait and speech disturbance appeared. On admission, neurological findings included slight dementia, visual loss, scanning speech, dysdiadochkinesis, pathological reflexes, spastic and ataxic gait. Brain CT scan showed symmetrical low density areas in the dentate nuclei and cerebellar white matter, atrophy of the brain stem and cerebellum, and dilatation of the fourth ventricle. These findings were also confirmed by MRI. One year after admission, atrophy of the frontal, temporal, parietal lobes was noted by CT scan and MRI. The cervical and thoracic cord was observed to be atrophic by MRI. Motor nerve conduction study showed decreased velocity, suggesting the presence of peripheral neuropathy. Fatty acids analysis of plasma sphingomyelin revealed marked increased in very long chain fatty acids, which was compatible with a diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). However, the term "adrenoleukomyeloneuropathy (ALMN)" was considered more preferable, since the spinal cord and peripheral nerves were involved in this case. Prominent changes in the cerebellar white matter and dentate nuclei at early stage on CT and MRI were not described in the previous publications. Our paper, hence, may be the first one to report such findings and may contribute to early recognition of ALD or ALMN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Surreptitious ingestion of a long-acting vitamin K antagonist/rodenticide, brodifacoum: clinical and metabolic studies of three cases.

The vitamin K metabolism of three patients with factitious purpura due to brodifacoum ingestion was studied. These patients, who presented with bleeding disorders due to deficiency of the vitamin K-dependent blood clotting proteins, were refractory to vitamin K1 at standard doses and required fresh frozen plasma to control bleeding until large doses of vitamin K1 were used. Metabolic studies demonstrated a blockade in vitamin K utilization, consistent with the presence of a vitamin K antagonist, but the patients denied use of anticoagulants. Warfarin assays were negative. We show that the factitious purpura in each patient was due to the surreptitious ingestion of brodifacoum, a potent second generation long-acting vitamin K antagonist used as a rodenticide. The coagulopathies responded to long-term therapy with large doses of vitamin K1. The serum elimination half-time for brodifacoum ranged from 16 to 36 days in these patients. The anticoagulant effect is of long duration, requiring chronic vitamin K treatment. With increasing availability of new rodenticides, factitious purpura due to surreptitious ingestion of these potent vitamin K antagonists is emerging as a new problem, previously associated with warfarin, with important implications for diagnosis and treatment.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗