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H Kida

Publications and source records attributed to H Kida.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Mapping of a functional region conferring nuclear localization of pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein.

The immediate-early protein (IE180) of pseudorabies virus (PrV) is localized predominantly in the nuclei of infected cells. To define the nuclear localization signals within IE180, we prepared truncated mutants of IE180 and analyzed their localization in the transfected cells by indirect immunofluorescence. Analysis of mutants truncated from the carboxy-terminal end of the 1460-amino acid polypeptide showed that two regions including a short sequence of basic amino acid residues were associated with the nuclear localization of IE180. To assess whether these regions substantially function as signals for nuclear localization of the IE180 molecule, we then constructed two deletion mutants lacking each region. A mutant lacking amino acids 333 to 575 was detected in the nuclei of the transfected cells, whereas the other mutant lacking amino acids 900 to 950 was detected mainly in the cytoplasm. These results suggest that the region of amino acids 900 to 950 is responsible for nuclear localization of IE180.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

The appearance of H3 influenza viruses in seals.

Surveillance for influenza A virus infection of seals has continued following the association of influenza A virus with epizootics of pneumonia in seals off the New England coast in 1979-1980 and 1982-1983. In January 1991 and January to February 1992, influenza A viruses were isolated from seals that died of pneumonia along the Cape Cod peninsula of Massachusetts. Antigenic characterization identified two H4N6 and three H3N3 viruses. This was the first isolation of H3 influenza viruses from seals, although this subtype is frequently detected in birds, pigs, horses and humans. Haemagglutination inhibition assays of the H3 isolates showed two distinct antigenic reactivity patterns: one more similar to an avian reference virus (A/Duck/Ukraine/1/63) and one more similar to a human virus (A/Aichi/2/68). The haemagglutinin (HA) genes from two of the H3 seal viruses showing different antigenic reactivity (A/Seal/MA/3911/92 and A/Seal/MA/3984/92) were 99.7% identical, with four nucleotide differences accounting for four amino acid differences. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that both of these sequences were closely related to the sequence from the avian H3 virus, A/Mallard/New York/6874/78. This indicates that influenza A viruses of apparent avian origin, including the H3 subtype viruses, continue to infect seals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Pseudorabies virus early protein 0 transactivates the viral gene promoters.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) early protein 0 (EP0) contains the RING finger domain with homology to the immediate-early (IE) protein ICP0 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). EP0 was detected by indirect immunofluorescence in the nuclei of the cells transfected with EP0 expression plasmid as is the case in cells infected with PRV. In transient expression assays, EP0 transactivated the PRV IE, thymidine kinase (TK) and glycoprotein X (gX) promoters, indicating that EP0, like ICP0 of HSV-1, is a transactivating protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Antigenic and genetic analyses of the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses isolated from pigs in 1993.

Three strains of influenza A virus (H3N2) were isolated from pigs in Hokkaido, Japan in 1993. The hemagglutinin (HA) antigen of the three isolates was related to that of recent H3N2 viruses of human origin. The reactivity patterns of two of the isolates (A/sw/Obihiro/1/93 and A/sw/Obihiro/2/93) with monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin of A/Bangkok/1/79 strain were similar to that of the human H3N2 strain isolated in Hokkaido in 1988, while that of the other one (A/sw/Obihiro/3/93) was similar to human H3N2 strains of 1993. In the phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the HA1 regions, the HA genes of the two isolates were shown to be closely related to those of human H3N2 viruses isolated between 1986 and 1988. The remaining one isolate was shown to be closely related to those of current human H3N2 viruses. We have also found serological evidence that the A/sw/Obihiro/1/93 virus is circulating extensively in Obihiro swine. It is clear from these findings that pigs were infected with the recent H3N2 influenza virus during the human epidemic and that the virus has been maintained in pigs for at least five years.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Brain lesions in chickens experimentally infected with a neuroadapted strain of mesogenic Newcastle disease virus.

Neuroadapted Newcastle disease virus (Q10) was selected by tenth serial passage, in the chicken brain of a mesogenic strain (Q0) originally isolated from quails. Specific pathogen-free birds were inoculated intranasally with one of these viruses. At daily intervals for 7 days and then at 10, 14, and 21 days post-inoculation (PI), two birds from each group were killed and samples of the brain were collected for histopathological and virological examination. Q10 caused severe nonsuppurative encephalitis with nervous signs and high mortality. Lesions characterized by neuronal degeneration and necrosis, perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, and focal or diffuse astrogliosis occurred mainly in the parahippocampal cortex, hippocampus, hyperstriatum, neostriatum, subleptomeningeal and periventricular regions of the cerebrum. Spongy changes with neuronal degeneration and axonal spheroids were also observed in the brain stem of a few cases. The amount of virus in the brain reached a peak on day 4 PI and virus could not be recovered from the brain after 6 days PI. In contrast, Q0 caused nonfatal asymptomatic disease and virus could not be isolated from the brain, sections of which showed only minimal inflammatory changes. This difference in the lesions of the brain might be related to neurovirulence and, neuroadaptation by serial passage may occur by increased efficiency of viral replication in neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Renal arterial disease-induced tubulo-interstitial lesions].

Renal arterial disease-induced tubulo-interstitial lesions described in this chapter include benign arterio- and/or arteriolo-sclerotic and malignant nephrosclerosis, renal infarction and renal cortical necrosis. In these conditions renal glomeruli as well as tubules are always involved, and consequent loss of nephrons, or renal parenchyma results in interstitial fibrotic changes. The parenchymal lesions have a spectrum from slowly progressive atrophy and loss to necrosis of abrupt onset and disappearance of glomeruli and tubules. As for glomerular reactions to the ischemia, the intermediate type consisted of mesangial degeneration and epithelial cell proliferation described as "alterative glomerulitis" is noteworthy. Briefly, in renal arterial diseases, glomeruli are rather variably involved than tubules and loss of the parenchyma results in interstitial fibrosis.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1994

A potential peptide vaccine against two different strains of influenza virus isolated at intervals of about 10 years.

We have developed a strategy for making synthetic peptide vaccines, in which a peptide, HA127-133, derived from the hemagglutinin (HA) of A/Aichi/2/68(H3N2) influenza virus (Aichi/68) is introduced into the Ab binding component consisting of 43-46 and 54-58 residues of a pigeon cytochrome c analogue peptide, 46F50V54A. Indeed, this hybrid peptide, 46F/HA127-133/54A, induced impressive T-cell responses and antibody production neutralizing infectivity of Aichi/68 in vitro. In a subsequent study we found that 46F/HA127-133/54A(18mer) peptide antigen, which had been prepared by substitution at the central five residues of 46F50V54A with HA127-133, generated T-cell responses and neutralizing antibody responses as well. On the basis of these prior findings, in the present study we analyzed immunopotency of 46F/HA127-133/54A(18mer) in vivo administered in several ways to I-Ab mice. We show herein that this peptide vaccine loaded in multilamellar liposomes without adjuvant protects the mice against infection with Aichi/68 within 2 weeks after final immunization. Further, this peptide vaccine was shown to be effective in preventing infection with a naturally occurring antigenic variant, A/Texas/1/77(H3N2), carrying the same sequence at 127-133 of the HA as Aichi/68 virus. Since this part of the HA is relatively conserved among H3 subtype influenza viruses, our peptide vaccine may become the basis for a new strategy to prepare effective vaccines that will overcome the ineffectiveness of classical vaccines attributable to antigenic drift of influenza viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Mapping of transcriptional regulatory domains of pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein.

The 180 kilodalton immediate-early protein (IE180) of pseudorabies virus functions as a strong transactivator of several different promoters and also as a repressor of its own transcription. To map the functional domains of IE180, we prepared various truncated mutants and analyzed their transcriptional regulatory activities using the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) assay. Analysis of mutants truncated from the carboxy-terminal end of the 1,460-amino acid polypeptide showed that a polypeptide possessing amino acids 1 to 1,081 retained significant functions of transactivation and autoregulation potential. On the other hand, removing amino acids 1 to 131 resulted in a complete loss of transactivation potential, indicating that the domain responsible for transactivation is located in the amino-terminal end of IE180. Additional amino-terminal truncation up to amino acid 453 did not affect the autoregulation activity, indicating that the region between amino acids 454 and 1081 has autoregulation potential.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Aberrant hepatic duct connected with the main pancreatic duct by anomalous pancreato-biliary ductal union: case report.

An aberrant hepatic duct directly connected to the main pancreatic duct with anomalous arrangement of the pancreato-biliary ductal system is reported here, the first report of such a case, to our knowledge. A 53-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of cholecystolithiasis with abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed that an aberrant hepatic duct, which independently drained the right posterior segment of the liver, connected to the main pancreatic duct at a high insertion site distal to the sphincter area of the major papilla. The common bile duct (containing stones), on the other hand, united with the main pancreatic duct in a normal fashion. Cholecystectomy and bile duct lithotomy were performed. The aberrant hepatic duct was separated from the main pancreatic duct just above the junction, and was anastomosed side-by-side to the common hepatic duct. The embryologic development of this lesion is not clear, but is discussed in this report.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Potential for transmission of avian influenza viruses to pigs.

Pandemic strains of influenza A virus arise by genetic reassortment between avian and human viruses. Pigs have been suggested to generate such reassortants as intermediate hosts. In order for pigs to serve as 'mixing vessels' in genetic reassortment events, they must be susceptible to both human and avian influenza viruses. The ability of avian influenza viruses to replicate in pigs, however, has not been examined comprehensively. In this study, we assessed the growth potential of 42 strains of influenza virus in pigs. Of these, 38 were avian strains, including 27 with non-human-type haemagglutinins (HA; H4 to H13). At least one strain of each HA subtype replicated in the respiratory tract of pigs for 5 to 7 days to a level equivalent to that of swine and human viruses. These results indicate that avian influenza viruses with or without non-human-type HAs can be transmitted to pigs, thus raising the possibility of introduction of their genes into humans. Sera from pigs infected with avian viruses showed high titres of antibodies in ELISA and neutralization tests, but did not inhibit haemagglutination of homologous viruses, cautioning against the use of haemagglutination-inhibition tests to identify pigs infected with avian influenza viruses. Co-infection of pigs with a swine virus and with an avian virus unable to replicate in this animal generated reassortant viruses, whose polymerase and HA genes were entirely of avian origin, that could be passaged in pigs. This finding indicates that even avian viruses that do not replicate in pigs can contribute genes in the generation of reassortants.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Japanese encephalitis. White matter lesions.

Ten patients with Japanese encephalitis diagnosed by serological criteria underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in axial and coronal sections. In 6, a second MRI study was done. The MRI findings were compared with the clinical outcome. Four patients died within several months of onset, 2 had sequelae such as hemiparesis and dementia, and the remaining 4 had no sequelae. In 9 of 10 patients, either diffuse or patchy white matter lesions were observed bilaterally, together with abnormalities in areas such as the thalamus, basal ganglia, and brainstem. For 3 patients who died or remained demented, the second MRI revealed extensive, diffuse white matter abnormalities. This study indicates that Japanese encephalitis can produce white matter involvement, although gray matter structures such as the thalamus, basal ganglia, and brainstem are more severely affected. The severity of these MRI lesions correlated with the clinical outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Gene expression of epidermal growth factor in human endometrium during decidualization.

Although there are some reports, including our previous study, indicating the existence and biological action of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human decidua, the site of its synthesis remains unknown. To clarify the EGF production during decidualization at a molecular level, gene expression of EGF in human endometrium/decidua was examined by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. Northern blot hybridization using 32P-labeled human prepro-EGF complementary DNA was carried out for nonpregnant human endometria from hysterectomized uteri of leiomyoma, decidua from early pregnancy, and in vitro decidualized endometrial cells by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Although no hybridized band was found in the proliferative and secretory phase endometria, a specific band of 5 kilobases, in agreement with the size of human prepro-EGF messenger ribonucleic acid, was detected in decidua of early pregnancy as well as in in vitro MPA-induced decidual cells. In situ hybridization revealed that prepro-EGF messenger ribonucleic acid was observed in the stromal cells of decidua. These results demonstrate that the EGF gene is expressed in the process of decidualization, suggesting that EGF may play an important role in the decidualization process of human endometrium.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1994

Protection of mice against Aujeszky's disease virus infection by intranasal vaccination with inactivated virus.

Intranasal vaccination of mice with inactivated Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) induced IgA and IgG antibody responses to the virus in the secretion of the respiratory tract, resulting in complete protection of the animals against intranasal challenge with virulent ADV. The immune response was enhanced by the use of the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as an adjuvant. On the other hand, subcutaneous vaccination of mice with inactivated ADV, even together with CTB, scarcely stimulated secretory antibody responses, resulting in only partial protection. The present results suggest that development of a vaccination procedure to stimulate the mucosal immune response should improve the protective effects of the inactivated herpesvirus vaccines, and thereby make it possible to control the infections by prohibiting virus replication at the site where primary infection takes place, as well as inhibiting subsequent latency and reactivation of the virus.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1994

A neutral sugar is responsible for serovar specificity of the antigenic determinant of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola.

To provide information on the chemical structures of antigenic determinants of leptospira, glycolipids of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain Hond Utrecht IV (Ut-IV) and its antigenic variant selected in the presence of a serovar-specific monoclonal antibody were compared physicochemically. Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the glycolipid of Ut-IV contained 6 neutral sugar species; rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucose, and unknown sugars III and IV, in addition to unknown sugars I and II that had been previously reported. On the other hand, the glycolipid of the variant lacked unknown sugar III, suggesting that this sugar is responsible for the serovar-specific antigenic determinant.

Animals↗