Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Kida.
A hemagglutinating agent identified as paramyxovirus was isolated from the respiratory organs of a rock pigeon captured in Hokkaido, Japan. The virus was serologically distinct from the known members of genus Paramyxovirus. Of the 160 pigeons collected in Hokkaido, 6 possessed the antibodies to the virus. The virus was designated as Paramyxovirus/pigeon/Otaru/76.
Three influenza A viruses possessing hemagglutinin-Hav7 and neuraminidase-N2 were isolated from 20 wild free-flying ducks in Hokkaido, Japan in autumn, 1977. The neuraminidase antigen of these viruses cross-reacted with the Asian influenza virus (H2 N2) but reacted scarcely with the Hong Kong strain (H3 N2Y in cross neuraminidase-inhibition tests.
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A comparative analysis on clinicopathological and immunohistological characteristics was performed of 205 cases with primary IgA nephritis and 35 with Schönlein-Henoch purpura nephritis (purpura nephritis). Diagnostic criteria for primary IgA nephritis were set out so that IgA was either the most prominent immunoglobulin or, at least, equal to IgG and/or IgM, if present, irrespective of mesangial or peripheral localization. In primary IgA nephritis, one half of the cases were discovered by asymptomatic proteinuria, and one-third presented recurrent upper respiratory tract infection and gross hematuria, one-fourth abdominal pain and a few cases joint pain, while purpura nephritis was associated with a significantly higher incidence of such systemic symptoms as abdominal and joint pains, in addition to purpura. Both diseases shared a tendency toward conspicuous hematuria in contrast to the modest proteinuria, with normal renal function in three-fourths to two-thirds. Moreover, four of 35 with purpura nephritis showed preceding proteinuria and had been regarded as primary IgA nephritis until purpura appeared. The glomerular pathology had a common feature in that there was frequent occurrence of mesangial proliferative and focal and segmental lesions. The immunohistology in the two diseases was indistinguishable with regard to the glomerular immunoglobulins and mediators, whether purpura was present or absent. Thus, we propose a unifying concept that, by analogy with SLE, primary IgA nephritis may be regarded as 'sine lupo,' lying on one side of the nosological spectrum with less systemic symptoms, whereas purpura nephritis may occupy the other side with more systemic aspects. Furthermore, we confirmed the epimembranous granular deposition of IgA in both diseases as the most characteristic morphological expression of circulating immune complexes.
Malignant choroid plexus papilloma is a rare disease. The autopsy case of malignant choroid plexus papilloma being suggestive of the youngest in Japan, was reported. This 8-months-old baby had normal delivery history, and the development and growth were not eventful. The patient admitted to the University hospital because of projecting vomiting and meningeal irritating signs at 7.5 months in age, and septic meningitis was most suspected. He died 2 weeks afte the admission. At autopsy, a large papillary tumor with marked necrosis and hemorrhage was seen in the right lateral ventricle. The right lateral ventricle was almost replaced by the tumor. The metastasis to the brain base and the sheeding to the subarachinoidal space of the cerebellum were noted.
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17 adult-onset nephrotic patients with minimal-change glomerular lesions experienced 39 relapses in all. The relationship between the remission period t (expressed in months) preceding each relapse and the rate of relapse (relapse rate) F (t) was proven to correspond closely to Weibull's distribution function as follows (chi 2 = 1.72, 0.5 less than p less than 0.75): In In (formula - see text) From the equation, the time when 99% of relapsing patients have relapsed is 39.3 months. This means that adult-relapsing nephrotic patients with minimal-change lesions will experience a relapse within 39.3 months of remission. They should be free from relapse and considered cured with a 99% reliability when remission has continued longer than 39.3 months, i.e. beyond the 'period of freedom from relapse'.
Two types of leptospiral vaccines consisting of the organisms of four strains (strain Shibaura of Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup, strain Akiyami A of serotype autumnalis, strain Akiyami B of serotype hebdomadis and strain Akiyami C of serotype australis) were prepared; one type was prepared from these strains grown in KORTHOF'S medium containing normal rabbit serum (the serum medium vaccine), and the other was made from mutants grown in SHENBERG'S chemically defined medium (the chemically defined medium vaccine). The protein nitrogen was lower and electron microscopical impurities were fewer in the chemically defined medium vaccine than in the serum medium vaccine. The rabbit serum was detected by the precipitation test in the serum medium vaccine. The results of the potency test did not differ between the two vaccines. The decrease in body weight of animals one day after intraperitoneal injection was induced equally by both vaccines. These results indicate that the chemically defined medium vaccine is preferable to the serum medium vaccine.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extract of Leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae strain Shibaura was fractionated by rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradient, and the fractions were analysed immunologically and morphologically. Two main peaks of antigenic activities were obtained. The first peak showed activities of strong indirect hemagglutination (IHA), weak complement fixation (CF), and low production of agglutinin in mice, and produced 5 precipitin lines in immunodiffusion with homologous strain antiserum. It gave only partial protection to guinea pigs. No recognizable structural components were found electron microscopically in the first peak. The second peak, on the other hand, showed no IHA activity, strong CF activity, high production of agglutinin in mice, and produced no precipitin line in immunodiffusion. It gave complete protection to guinea pigs. Membrane fragments of the enveloping sheath were found electron microscopically in the second peak. The protective activity of SDS extract of leptospira was thus intimately associated with the activityes of agglutinin production and CF, as well as with the membranous structures of the enveloping sheath.
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