[Host range of influenza virus].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Kida
Publications and source records attributed to H Kida.
[Steroid pulse therapy in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis].
In an attempt to clarify the indication and efficacy of the methylprednisolone pulse therapy (1000 mg x 3 times) for rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), 3 patients with the disease were carefully followed and the clinical course during and after the treatment were precisely analysed. According to the declination rate of reciprocals of serum creatinine (1/Cr), one patient were divided into the acute type (-1.00 x 10(-2) dl/mg/day or less) and the others into the subacute type (more than -1.00 x 10(-2) dl/mg/day). In the patient of acute type, renal biopsy revealed cellular crescent formation in 93.8% of glomeruli observed. One course of the pulse therapy resulted in a decrease in Cr from 3.0 mg/dl to 1.3 mg/dl and transformation of cellular crescents to fibrocellular or fibrous crescents. In the other two patients of subacute type, crescents were observed in 72.7% and 72.0% of glomeruli observed, and 87.5% and 38.9% of them were composed of cellular crescents respectively. Initial courses of the pulse therapy resulted in decreases of Cr from 3.5 mg/dl to 2.4 mg/dl and from 3.0 mg/dl to 1.4 mg/dl respectively. Additional courses, given because of insufficient reduction of Cr in the former, induced a further lowering to 1.3 mg/dl, and because of re-elevation of Cr to 2.2 mg/dl and remaining of cellular crescents in 20% in the latter, induced a decrease of Cr to 1.5 mg/dl and disappearance of cellular crescents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
Two distinct types of crescentic glomerulonephritis.
For a characterization of the clinical course of crescentic glomerulonephritis (Cres. GN), reciprocals of serum creatinine concentration (1/Cr) as a function of time were studied in 24 patients. The patients fulfilled the following criteria; 1) crescents were observed in more than 50% of glomeruli, and 2) the increment of serum creatinine could be determined sequentially on three or more occasions in the phase of progression of renal impairment. In all patients 1/Cr declined linearly with time with correlation coefficients between 0.881 and 0.993. According to the slope, the patients were divided into two groups; an acute group (13 patients) with slopes of -1.0 x 10(-2) dl/mg/day or more steep, i.e. with increments of serum creatinine from 1.0 to 10.0 mg/dl within 90 days, and a subacute group (11 patients) with less steep slopes. Histologically, there was no difference in the percentage of glomeruli with crescents between the two groups. However, in the acute group a negative correlation was found between the period from onset to histological examination and the percentage of glomeruli with cellular crescents in all glomeruli with various crescents (r = -0.872, p less than 0.001), while in the subacute group the percentage was nearly constant regardless of the time of histological examination. These mean drastic but transient activation of the disease in the former in spite of a persistence of indolent activity in the latter. Clinically, in the acute group an improvement of serum creatinine was observed in 8 (61.5%) vs. only 2 (18.2%) in the subacute group (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute Disease↗
The infection of mouse preimplantation embryos to Sendai virus (parainfluenza I).
To provide information on the susceptibility of mouse embryos to Sendai virus, it was investigated if viral replication occurs in the preimplantation embryo at different stages of development, with or without the zona pellucida (ZP). Mice were induced to superovulate, and embryos were collected on Days 2, 3 and 4 after mating. The ZP was removed by digestion with 0.5% pronase. Embryos were exposed to Sendai virus, washed, and allowed to develop in fresh culture medium. The presence of viral antigen in the embryonic cells was examined by the fluorescent antibody test (FAT). Specific immunofluorescence was demonstrated in the ZP-free morula and ZP-intact blastocyst. However, viral antigen was not detected in the ZP-intact two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell or morula stage embryos. Infected embryos developed normally to expanded blastocysts. These findings show that mouse embryonic cells are permissive hosts to Sendai virus replication and that the ZP played the role of a barrier against the virus.
Journal Article↗
Molecular evidence for a role of domestic ducks in the introduction of avian H3 influenza viruses to pigs in southern China, where the A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) strain emerged.
The haemagglutinins (HAs) of five H3 influenza A viruses isolated from domestic ducks and one from a goose in southern China were analysed antigenically and genetically. The patterns of reactivity of two of the duck viruses and the goose virus with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to 10 different epitopes on the H3 HA were similar to those of influenza viruses isolated from wild ducks and pigs, as well as those of the earliest human H3 viruses. The other three isolates from domestic ducks were different from each other and from these viruses antigenically. Sequence analysis revealed that the HA genes of the two duck viruses and the goose virus were closely related to those of isolates from wild ducks and pigs; the identities between the deduced amino acid sequence of the HA of one of the isolates from domestic ducks and those of isolates from a wild duck and a pig were 98.7% and 99.5%, respectively. The antigenic and genetic similarity between these H3 HAs suggests that in southern China, the hypothetical influenza epicentre, domestic ducks may have played a role in the introduction of avian influenza viruses to pigs from feral ducks. The findings also support the hypothesis that the pig was a 'mixing vessel', producing a new human pandemic strain, A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2), by genetic reassortment.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Etiology of rabbit haemorrhagic disease spontaneously occurring in Korea.
Causative agent of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) was purified by CsCl density gradient centrifugation from the liver homogenate of rabbits infected with RHD virus which originated from Korea. The viral particles were 35-40 nm in diameter, and had hollow depressions on their surface. Protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy clearly showed that the convalescent antisera of diseased rabbits reacted specifically with the virus particles. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses demonstrated that the structural protein of the virus was composed of a single major polypeptide of 63 kD. These findings indicate that the causative agent of RHD, tentatively named as picornavirus in Korea, belongs to calicivirus.
Animals↗
The effectiveness of trypsin treatment to remove Sendai virus adhering to the zona pellucida of mouse preimplantation embryos.
The standard washing and trypsin treatment procedures to remove viruses adhering to the zona pellucida (ZP) were evaluated. Mouse embryos at the early blastocyst stage were exposed to Sendai virus, and then washed or treated with trypsin. Even after washing or trypsin treatment, Sendai virus was detected in the twelfth and final wash. The virus was still shown to adhere to the ZP by immunofluorescence assay. The embryos developed into expanded blastocysts following 24 hours of in vitro culture. Viral antigen was clearly demonstrated in the cells forming the expanded blastocysts, indicating that viral replication occurred in these cells. The present results suggest that the standard washing or trypsin treatment are not sufficient to remove Sendai virus adhering to the ZP of mouse embryos.
Animals↗
[Effects of methylprednisolone pulse therapy on progressive IgA nephropathy].
In order to estimate the effects of methylprednisolone pulse therapy on progressive IgA nephropathy, clinical parameters in eight patients with the disease were compared between before and after the therapy. In this study progressive IgA nephropathy was defined as follows; 24 hour urinary protein excretion was (++) or more and renal biopsy carried out just before the therapy revealed crescents, inevitably including cellular crescents, in 10% or more glomeruli observed. Methylprednisolone 1000 mg a day was intravenously administered for three consecutive days and the therapy was repeated with an interval of 4 days. The additional third course was given in two patients, in whom significant decrease in urinary protein had not been obtained after the original two courses of the therapy. Oral prednisolone 20 mg a day started simultaneously was tapered one month later to maintenance daily doses of 5-10 mg. After the pulse therapy urinary protein excretion was significantly decreased in every patient with a mean decrease from 2.3 +/- 0.5 (0.8-5.5)g to 1.1 +/- 0.3 (0-2.8)g (p less than 0.05). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was increased from 83 +/- 11 (31-115) ml/min to 96 +/- 10 (44-130) ml/min (p less than 0.05). In the initial biopsy crescents were observed in 25 +/- 7 (19-57)% of glomeruli observed and 20-100% of these were composed of cellular crescents. Complete loss of cellular crescents in 6 patients and a marked decrease from 73% to 33% in another were demonstrated by the second biopsies performed after the pulse therapy. These results suggested that the methylprednisolone pulse therapy significantly reduced urinary protein excretion and improved renal function through suppression of new crescent formation as well as transformation of cellular crescents to fibrocellular or fibrous crescents.
Administration, Oral↗
[Influences of pregnancy on the natural course of chronic glomerulonephritis with impaired renal function].
In an attempt to clarify the influence of pregnancy on the natural course of the chronic glomerulonephritis with impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate: GFR less than or equal to 70 ml/min), the courses of 14 pregnancies occurring in 10 patients (seven with IgA nephropathy, one with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, one with membranous nephropathy and one with hereditary nephropathy) were studied. In 8 patients GFR measured before pregnancies ranged from 46 to 70 ml/min and in the other two creatinine clearance estimated in the first trimester of pregnancies was 62 and 49 ml/min, respectively. The pregnancies resulted in 10 live births, one spontaneous abortion, one artificial abortion and 2 neonatal deaths. In 2 out of 10 live births fetal weight was less than 2500 g. In 3 of 11 pregnancies there was neither increase in urinary protein nor elevation of blood pressure during pregnancies, while seven (64%) had increased proteinuria during the third trimester, and 4 of them were also complicated with hypertension. In 6 of 10 patients, there was no decrease in GFR during pregnancies. In three patients GFR was decreased from 70 to 36 ml/min, 70 to 58 ml/min and 62 to 48 ml/min, respectively. However, these reductions were considered to go with the natural course of respective patients because the reduction slopes were almost the same or rather mild in comparison with those estimated before or after pregnancies. The other patient also had a transient increase in serum creatinine level during two pregnancies, but the reciprocals of serum creatinine concentration before and after the pregnanciesdeclined linearly with time. These data suggest that pregnancy might have little influence on the natural course of the chronic glomerulonephritis even if complicated with renal functional impairment defined as GFR of 70 ml/min or less.
Adolescent↗
Acute toxoplasma myositis: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.
The occurrence is reported of acute myositis in a man with meningoencephalitis due to toxoplasmosis. The ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of a muscle biopsy of the patient were investigated. Toxoplasma organisms were not found in the muscle biopsy. The perivascular inflammatory cells in the muscle were mainly CD4+ T cells and the inflammatory cells in and around the muscle fibres were chiefly macrophages. Expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens was observed in the infiltrating cells and endothelial cells of the blood vessels. A small proportion of the infiltrating cells expressed interferon-gamma. A possible role of the immune mechanism in the evolution of myositis is discussed.
Acute Disease↗
A follow-up study by CT and MRI in 3 cases of Japanese encephalitis.
A follow-up study by CT and MRI in 3 cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) was performed. Neurologically dementia, forced laughing, tetraplegia and parkinsonism were observed as sequelae. In the CT and MR scans about 3 years after the onset of JE, low-density areas (LDAs) or abnormal signal intensities had remained in the thalamus and basal ganglia. The abnormalities were also found in the brain stem. When the main lesions shown by CT and MRI were compared with those of the acute stage, T2-weighted MRI clearly revealed multiple small areas with high signal intensities, although those in the acute stage had shown diffuse abnormal signals. These findings may be useful in helping to identify JE a long time after the onset.
Brain↗
Cloning and expression of a pili gene of Corynebacterium renale in Escherichia coli.
A plasmid gene library of Corynebacterium renale piliated strain No. 109P+ was prepared in Escherichia coli in order to study the chemical structure of the pili of C. renale. Of 3,000 recombinant clones tested, 5 reacted with anti-pili anti-serum. The gene products of these clones reacted with anti-pili monoclonal antibodies 8/4, 5/2 and B20/3 but lacked the reactivity with 13/4. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the expressed protein had a molecular mass of 48 kilodalton and deletion analysis showed that the encoding region for this protein was localized within a 1.4 kilobase gene including a promoter sequence. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that mouse antibodies raised to the expressed protein bound to the entire surface of the pili of C. renale. These results indicate that the cloned gene encodes a major structural protein of C. renale pili.
Animals↗
[Analysis of cellular DNA-RNA content using flow cytometry between primary and metastatic foci in lung carcinoma].
By flow cytometry, cellular DNA-RNA content was analyzed with Acridine Orange staining for primary tumor and the metastatic foci in 12 cases of primary lung carcinoma. Five (42%) of the primary and metastatic foci showed heterogeneous cellular DNA content, with high cellular DNA content of metastatic foci in all cases. Cellular RNA content was significantly higher in metastatic foci than in primary foci, indicating possible higher proliferative activity of the former foci. Three different metastatic foci in one patient showed essentially the same cellular DNA content. From the above it is evident that primary and metastatic foci of lung carcinoma show considerable heterogeneity not only in cellular DNA content but RNA content as well, thus indicating proliferative activity of the metastatic focus. It is consequently advisable to use a combination of various supplementary medications differing in cytocidal effect. Cases with higher cellular DNA content may likely have higher metastatic potential.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[A case of bone and lung metastasis of breast cancer successfully treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy].
A 34-year-old female patient with breast cancer metastasizing to bone had a remission after a course of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 1,200 mg/day, but again had a metastasis to the lungs. The patient was then instituted on a combination therapy with UFT 400 mg/day, and MPA 1,200 mg/day. As a result, the pulmonary metastasis disappeared, along with the consolidation of the bone involved.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Primary glomerular fibrosis: a new nephropathy caused by diffuse intra-glomerular increase in atypical type III collagen fibers.
A 38-year-old Japanese man suffering from nephrotic syndrome and slowly progressive impairment of renal function underwent renal biopsy. Light microscopy revealed diffuse lobular accentuation of glomerular tufts, occupied by homogeneous material which was eosinophilic, lightly stained with periodic acid silver methenamine and deeply with aniline blue. Further examinations using an electron microscope after treatment with phosphotungstic acid revealed that this material exhibited a diffuse increase in fibers having a periodicity of 65 +/- 4 nm (mean +/- SD) like type III collagen fibers and was reactive to the anti-type III collagen monoclonal antibody. In addition, the serum level of procollagen III peptides was markedly elevated to 221 ng/dl (normal range 2-13 ng/dl). However, the fibers were peculiarly curved and frayed as reported in the nail-patella syndrome, but were not observed in the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) as seen in this syndrome. No family history or physical findings of bony and nail dystrophy, no laboratory data or pathological findings compatible with already described renal diseases including mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, light chain disease, immunotactoid nephropathy, amyloidosis, and non-amyloidotic fibrillary glomerulonephritis were observed. These data strongly suggest that the nephropathy is caused by a primary increase in atypical type III collagen fibers in glomeruli (primary glomerular fibrosis), which to our knowledge has not yet been described in the English literature.
Adult↗
Nature of renal involvement in the acro-renal-ocular syndrome.
A 16-year-old female with acro-renal-ocular syndrome complicated by ventricular septal defect is described. Renal biopsy was performed for the first time in this syndrome, and the results suggested that proteinuria and renal dysfunction were caused by chronic pyelonephritis secondary to malrotation of the kidney and anomalous pelves. Chronic renal failure and hypoplasia of the optic papillae were also observed in the patient's mother, suggesting a participation of heredity in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.
Adolescent↗
[Three cases of single coronary artery].
Single coronary artery has been considered a minor coronary anomaly without clinical importance. With the wide spread of coronary angiography, however, the disease has been reported to develop complications at a high rate, such as angina, myocardial infarction and arrhythmia. We report three patients with single coronary artery with several complications. Case 1: A 56-year-old woman having a past history of diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction was admitted because of the recently developed frequent attacks of effort angina. Treadmill test was positive and thallium-201 exercise myocardial scintigraphy revealed redistribution in the lateral wall. Ascending aortogram suggested that the right coronary artery (RCA) arose from the left sinus of Valsalva. An injection into the right sinus of Valsalva revealed no coronary ostium. Selective left coronary angiogram resulted in the diagnosis of single coronary artery (Smith's type 2) with 90% stenosis in the left circumflex artery (LCX). Left ventriculogram showed hypokinesis in the anterolateral wall. PTCA performed on this patient revealed clinical and nucleomedical improvement. Case 2: A 48-year-old man experienced chest pain and syncope. Electrocardiogram revealed ST-elevations in II, I and a VF, sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular junctional rhythm. Angiography resulted in the diagnosis of single coronary artery (Smith's type 2) with 75% stenosis in the RCA. Ergonovine test was positive. Case 3: A 69-year-old man complained of chest pain. Electrocardiogram showed complete right bundle branch block, sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular junctional rhythm. Cardiac catheterization revealed that this was also a case of single coronary artery (Smith's type 2) with no significant stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
[Aberrant expression of major histocompatibility complex class II. (HLA-DR/DQ) antigens and proliferative nuclear antigen. (Ki-67) in renal tubular epithelial cells].
In an attempt to clarify the participations of cellular immunity in the development of tubulo-interstitial lesions, aberrant expressions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens and Ki-67 nuclear antigen on the renal tubular epithelial cells were studied. Ki-67 antigen was known to appear in all phases of cell cycle except for Go. Nine normal kidney specimens (4 males and 5 females) and 117 kidney specimens obtained from patients with kidney diseases (54 males and 63 females) were examined with the indirect immunofluorescence technique using murine monoclonal antibodies against HLA-DR (lal), HLA-DQ (Leu10) and Ki-67 nuclear antigen. Patients included 100 with glomerular diseases, and 16 with tubulo-interstitial diseases consisting of 4 acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 7 acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis (AIN), one renal allograft rejection and 4 sarcoidosis. In normal kidney, HLA-DR was solely noted in only two specimens (22.2%) at the basal portion of proximal tubular epithelial cells. In tubulo-interstitial diseases 11 (68.8%) out of 16 patients showed diffuse and intense expressions of HLA-DR concomitant with HLA-DQ in 6 of 13 (42.9%), and 11 of 13 (84.6%) were positive for Ki-67 nuclear antigen. Especially, in AIN and allograft rejection, intense expression of HLA-DR, DQ and Ki-67 nuclear antigen were observed in 100%, 86%, 100%, respectively. In ATN 3(75%) were positive for HLA-DR and Ki-67, but not for HLA-DQ. In contrast, only 12(15.6%). 2(2.6%) and 2(4.8%) of primary glomerular disease were weakly positive for HLA-DR, DQ and Ki-67 nuclear antigen, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗