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Biomedical subjects

H Kesteloot

Publications and source records attributed to H Kesteloot.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The relationship between dietary intake and urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium: Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health.

During an epidemiological survey, the dietary intake and urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were measured by means of the 24 h food record method and a 24 h urine collection in 2,112 men and 1,943 women. Significant correlations (P less than 0.001) were found between dietary intake and urinary excretion of the above cations in men and women by univariate analysis and after adjustment for age, height, weight and total caloric intake. Taking into account the difficulty of estimating dietary cation intakes and obtaining complete 24 h urine collections, and the non-coincidence of the 24 h urine collection and the food recording periods, our findings point to a strong positive association between dietary intake and urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. No significant relationship was found between these urinary cations and blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of the infusion of magnesium sulfate during atrial pacing on ECG intervals, serum electrolytes, and blood pressure.

Magnesium salts have been used for decades for the empiric treatment of arrhythmias, particularly torsades de pointes, associated with long QT syndrome. The mechanism underlying this antiarrhythmic effect is still not clear. Therefore the effect of intravenous MgSO4 on serum electrolytes, blood pressure, and ECG variables was evaluated in nine patients with sick sinus syndrome, equipped with a DDD pulse generator, programmed in the atrial asynchronous mode. A total dose of 10 gm MgSO4 was given intravenously over 6 hours at a constant rate. Blood pressure and serum electrolytes were determined before (t0), 3 hours after (t3), and at the end of the magnesium infusion (t6). ECG variables were measured at t0, t3, and t6 at different pacing frequencies (60, 80, and 100 beats/min). Serum magnesium levels rose significantly from 0.88 mmol.l-1 at t0 to 1.91 mmol.l-1 at t6 (p less than 0.05). Magnesium infusion did not affect blood pressure, pulse rate, PR or QRS or QT interval. Increasing the pacing frequency resulted in a statistically significant QT shortening at each serum magnesium level. We conclude that intravenous magnesium administration does not influence the QT interval. Increasing atrial pacing rate shortens the QT interval and this QT shortening is not affected by magnesium. Sustained serum magnesium levels between 1.5 and 2 mmol.l-1 are hemodynamically well tolerated and do not give rise to the development of higher degree atrioventricular block.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in a Nigerian population sample.

Serum lipids and apoproteins have been measured in 307 men and 235 women living around Benin City in Nigeria. Total serum cholesterol values are low compared both to White Western populations and to American Blacks. HDL-cholesterol levels, however, are comparable to values in Western and Oriental men, but lower than in Western women. A highly significant correlation exists between total cholesterol and apo B and between HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I in men and women. The low serum lipid values are related to a low dietary fat intake, almost exclusively from palm oil, in the Nigerian population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

On the within-population relationship between nutrition and serum lipids: the B.I.R.N.H. study.

A randomized study was performed in Belgium concerning the relationship between diet and serum lipids in 5485 men and 4856 women with a mean age of 49 years. In men 17.3% of total energy was provided by saturated fat, 15.2% by monounsaturated fat and 7.5% by polyunsaturated fat. The fat intake in women was very similar. The P/S ratio was 0.51 in men and 0.52 in women. The alcohol intake was significantly higher in men (5.2% of total energy) than in women (2% of total energy). In men and women total serum cholesterol increased with saturated fat intake (p less than 0.001) and decreased with polyunsaturated fat intake (p less than 0.01). Saturated fat intake raised the HDL-cholesterol level in men and women (p less than 0.001) and monounsaturated fat raised it in men only (p less than 0.01). Dietary cholesterol increased the HDL-cholesterol level in women only (p less than 0.01). HDL-cholesterol increased with alcohol consumption (p less than 0.001) and decreased with cigarette smoking (p less than 0.001). All these changes were adjusted for differences in age, height and weight. The study confirms the existence, within a population, of a significant relationship between fat intake and serum lipid levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The INTERSALT study: main results, conclusions and some implications.

INTERSALT is an epidemiological study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure in 10,079 men and women from 52 centres and 32 countries. The data were collected according to strict protocol with extensive quality control, and were analysed both in individuals and across centres. In the individual analysis, with adjustment for confounding variables, significant positive associations were observed between blood pressure and twenty-four hour sodium excretion, body mass index and alcohol intake, and significant negative associations between blood pressure and potassium excretion. For a number of reasons, it is likely that the size of these relationships was underestimated. Across centres, linear slope of blood pressure with age was positively related to median sodium excretion. These observations imply that a policy combining changes in sodium and potassium intake with reductions in obesity and alcohol consumption could bring important public health benefits.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The value of ischaemic heart disease vital statistics since 1968.

Although individual cases of IHD (Ischaemic Heart Disease) are frequently misclassified, the overall reliability of IHD vital statistics in industrialized countries is better than claimed. Random classification errors produce a correct mean value, whereas systematic misclassifications produce an opposite change in one or more different causes of death, since total number of deaths is correct in the age group and countries under consideration. Therefore it is important to compare a certified cause of death to several others, including total mortality. The comparison of death rates should be done in many countries, over several years, for each sex and between sexes. Since the 8th revision (1968) the comparability between years has improved. The mean mortality rates over the available years, the slopes calculated over the years and the % change of IHD in men and in women were correlated with different causes of death in men and in women, totalling 111 comparisons. Some of these (cancer of the rectum, colon, prostate and breast, diabetes and stroke) are related with nutrition. In total 71 out of the 111 correlations were significant, 28 of which with p less than 0.001. Criteria have been defined for checking the reliability of the slopes of IHD mortality with time since 1968. The trends in IHD mortality were compared with observed changes in nutrition. These nutritional changes, especially those of saturated fat, are generally consistent with the observed rates or time trends of the diseases under consideration. In conclusion, although classification errors occur they are not of a level of magnitude that makes valid conclusions impossible.

Australia↗
PubMed1989

Nutrition and cardiovascular mortality in Belgium. For the B.I.R.N.H. Study Group.

Significant differences in nutrition exist between the northern and the southern regions of Belgium. The most important differences are a lower saturated fat intake, a higher polyunsaturated fat intake and a higher P/S ratio in the north. Total protein, animal and vegetal protein, salt from processed foods and fiber intake are also higher in the north. The intake of butter is higher in the south and the intake of total and dietetic margarine and of fish are higher in the north. All causes, total cardiovascular, IHD (only in men), stroke and residual cardiovascular mortality are higher in the south, consistent with the regional distribution of fat intake. However, within each region there is no correlation between these mortality patterns and fat intake. This phenomenon can be explained by the presence of confounding factors: salt intake from processed foods, fish, alcohol intake and smoking habits, all of them having a different and sometimes inverse distribution among the counties. The geographical association of fat intake and cardiovascular mortality is strengthened by a similar association between trends in fat intake and trends in cardiovascular mortality. From 1968 onwards until about 1975 a decrease in saturated fat and a marked increase in polyunsaturated fat occurred together with a decreasing dietary cholesterol and salt intake. An important decrease in IHD occurred in Belgium, particularly between 1972 and 1979, and is still the highest in Europe (1968-1984). Belgium is ranked among the five top countries of Europe where stroke mortality (age 45-74 years) is declining most. The nutritional situation of Belgium and the level of mortality, though improving, are still far from ideal. The total fat, saturated fat and salt intake are much higher than recommended by W.H.O. Continued vigorous action will be necessary in order to achieve the W.H.O. goals. A comparison of what occurred in Belgium and in other countries with regard to cardiovascular mortality and nutrition underlines the role of nutrition as a key factor in public health.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Coffee consumption and serum cholesterol: an epidemiological study in Belgium.

In a Belgian population group of 15,954 male and 2116 female soldiers and their spouses the relationship between coffee drinking and serum cholesterol has been studied. A moderate but highly significant monotonic positive relationship between coffee drinking and both serum total and non-high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was observed in men (p less than 0.001) even when adjusted for the confounding effects of age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, and dietary fat and cholesterol intake. Men drinking at least three cups of coffee daily had a mean level of serum total cholesterol about 4 mg/dl and of non-HDL-cholesterol about 3 mg/dl higher than those who did not drink coffee. No significant effect of coffee drinking on HDL-cholesterol was observed in men. In women coffee-drinking did not influence any of the measured serum lipids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cardiovascular risk factor distribution above the age of 75 years in a Belgian community.

An elderly Belgian population group anno 1986 consisting of 53 men and 110 women above the age of 75 years with a mean age of 80 and 81 years, respectively, is characterized by relative obesity and low diastolic blood pressure, both in men and women. The SBP/DBP ratio is 1.91 in men and 1.88 in women. HDL-cholesterol levels are relatively high in men. Women still have slightly higher HDL-cholesterol levels than men, the difference between women and men being 3.4 mg/dl. In both sexes HDL-cholesterol correlates negatively with body weight. The 24-hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio is 2.9 in men and 2.5 in women. Factors significantly related to diastolic blood pressure in a multiple regression analysis included being on a low-salt diet, the level of 24-hour urinary potassium excretion and of 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion in men, and body weight, heart rate and the level of 24-hour urinary calcium excretion in women. It may be concluded that significant differences exist between the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in older compared to middle-aged subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Relationship of serum sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus with blood pressure. Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health.

During an epidemiological survey on the relationship between diet and cardiovascular risk factors, serum sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and total protein were measured in 4167 men and 3891 women with a mean age of 49 years. Several consistent and highly significant correlations were found between serum cation and phosphorus levels and blood pressure. The analysis was performed separately in the total group and in the group not receiving treatment for hypertension. A highly significant negative correlation existed between serum sodium and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Serum potassium correlated negatively with blood pressure only in men. Serum phosphorus correlated negatively in men and women with systolic blood pressure. Serum calcium correlated positively with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men, but only with diastolic blood pressure in women. All these correlations were independent of serum total protein. A significant negative correlation between serum phosphorus and heart rate and a significant positive correlation between the serum calcium/phosphorus ratio and heart rate were demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Relationship of dietary sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium with blood pressure. Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health.

From 1979 through 1984, a randomized epidemiological survey in Belgium assessed the dietary intake of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium using 24-hour food records checked by trained dietitians. Dietary cation intake levels were correlated with blood pressure both in the total group (4167 men and 3891 women) and in the group not taking antihypertensive medication (3814 men and 3329 women). Serum sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were also measured. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for age, body mass index, heart rate, alcohol intake, and total caloric intake revealed a significant positive correlation between sodium intake and blood pressure in the group not treated for hypertension except for diastolic blood pressure in women. A significant negative correlation was found between dietary calcium intake and diastolic blood pressure in men and between dietary magnesium intake and systolic blood pressure in women. No independent effect of dietary potassium intake on blood pressure could be established. Significant but weak correlations were found between the dietary intake of sodium, potassium and calcium and their serum values. The study confirms the hypothesis that at the population level dietary cations are related to the regulation of blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Changing mortality patterns in men.

Important changes in age-adjusted mortality (35-74 y) have occurred in the last 35 years in men. This is apparent from the study of the mortality patterns from 7 countries which were chosen as representative of populations with varying lifestyles. Mortality from all causes has shown the greatest decrease in Japan and the greatest increase in Hungary. From 1970 on cardiovascular mortality demonstrates a downward trend in all countries, except in Sweden where it remains virtually unchanged and Hungary where it rises markedly. Cancer mortality shows an upward trend which levels off during the last 15 years with the exception of Hungary. Changes in dietary and smoking habits and mass treatment for hypertension offer the most plausible explanation for the observed changes.

Age Factors↗