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Biomedical subjects

H Kawashima

Publications and source records attributed to H Kawashima.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Studies on biopharmacological actitivy of active vitamin D3 analogues (VII) Effect of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on renal function in rats and Beagle dogs (author's transl].

In male Wistar rats, 1 alpha-HCC and 1 alpha, 25-DHCC induced diuretic effects in doses of 2.5 and 25 micrograms/kg p.o., while no such effects of 1 alpha-HCC were seen with a dose of 0.25 microgram/kg p.o. Effect of 1 alpha-HCC appeared later than that of 1 alpha, 25-DHCC, but at 24 hr, the difference disappeared. Similar results were obtained with urinary concentrations of calcium (increase) and phosphorus (decrease). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) were remarkably elevated by 1 alpha, 25-DHCC, and effects of 1 alpha-HCC were rather weak and apparently not dose dependent. In light of these results and the finding that there was no difference between the effects of 1 alpha-HCC and 1 alpha, 25-DHCC on serum calcium and phosphorus at 24 hr, the mechanism of action of these sterols on the renal function seems to differ. In male Beagle dogs, 0.25 microgram/kg/day p.o. of 1 alpha-HCC or 1 alpha, 25-DHCC induced a severe hypercalcemia and GFR was decreased in the 1 alpha, 25-DHCC treated group. A gradual recovery occurred with cessation of the administration. Thus decrease in GFR was considered to be due to calcification of the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Determination of total and direct bilirubins in serum with sodium dodecyl sulfate as an accelerator.

A new method for the determination of total and conjugated bilirubins in serum with use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is described. In the presence of SDS, the reaction of bilirubin with diazotized sulfanilic acid proceeded smoothly and was completed within 15 min at room temperature, thus resulting in a clear solution having a maximal absorbance at 565 nm which was linear up to a level of 200 mg/l bilirubin concentration. The advantages of this method are: (1) a clear reaction mixture results in any case; (2) the result is not affected by hemolysis, lipemic and turbid sera. The proposed method offers a new general application for the measurement of total and conjugated bilirubins in serum.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1978

Chronic hypertension induced by streptozotocin in rats.

An intravenous injection of 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin induced not only diabetes but also severe hypertension in rats. Whereas the hyperglycemia developed fully within a few days after the injection of streptozotocin, the hypertension progessively advanced and reached maximum level several weeks after the treatment and lasted more than 20 weeks. Twenty mg/kg streptozotocin did not induce hyperglycemia but significantly increased blood pressure several weeks after the treatment. Arrest of growth, polyuria, glycosuria, hyperlipemia and lenticular cataracts developed in the animals treated with 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin, but in none of the animals treated with 20 mg/kg. In histological examinations in the 24th week after the treatment, degranulation and necrosis in the pancreatic beta-cells, and vacuolization and deposition of PAS-positive materials in the renal proximal tubules were found in the animals treated with 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Biological activity of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (II). Effect on the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in rats (author's transl)].

Effect of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus was studied using Ca-labelled and non-labelled rats. With an oral daily dose of 2.5 or 12.5 microgram/kg of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, serum calcium, urine volume, urinary calcium excretion, urinary calcium concentration and water consumption increased, while fecal concentration, urinary phosphorus concentration and food consumption decreased. There was a lag time (1 or 2 days) between the increase of serum calcium and that of specific activity of serum calcium, and bone resorption was stimulated later than was intestinal calcium transport. After 10 days treatment, calcium concentration in the femur decreased, while a remarkable calcification was noted in soft tissues such as kidney, intestine, aorta, heart and muscle, although these effects were reduced with lower doses of the drug. With a smaller oral daily dose (0.1 or 0.5 microgram/kg), for 6 months, bone calcium and phosphorus concentration increased without soft tissue calcification. Thus, 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol may be an effective drug for patients with metabolic bone diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Biological activity of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1). Effect on intestine and bone in rats (author's transl)].

Biological activity of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol was studied in rats. 1alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol was found to be more potent and rapidly active than vitamin D in stimulating intestinal calcium transport and calcium mobilization from bone both in normal and vitamin D deficient rats. 1alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol was also active in nephrectomized and/or thyroparathyroidectomized rats both in intestine and bone. Although it is well known that 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol is metabolized to 1alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the liver, there is the possibility that the former is active without further metabolism. In rats in which hepatitis was induced by CCl4, 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol was active both in the intestine and in the bone, while it was inactive in hepatectomized rats. These data clearly demonstrate that 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol is not active by itself and must be metabolized in the liver. This idea also shows the lag time in response of rats to 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol has more potent antirachitic activity than vitamin D and does not lose its activity with chronic oral administration. In view of these findings, 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol appears to have a good potential for clinical application in cases of renal failure and metabolic bone diseases.

Animals↗