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Biomedical subjects

H Kawamura

Publications and source records attributed to H Kawamura.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Restoration of circadian rhythmicity after transplantation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the rats--its conditions for functional recovery and long-term survival].

Whole tissue grafts of day 1 neonatal or day 21 embryonic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in rats transplanted into host's third ventricle restored circadian rhythmicity in 8 cases out of 18 SCN-lesioned arrhythmic rats. Restored circadian rhythmicity had been observed for maximum 14 months after the transplantation. Immunohistochemical staining (Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: VIP and vasopressin) confirmed the survival of the transplanted SCN tissues within the host's third ventricle. This may be the case of the longest-term survival of functioning SCN grafts which connected with the host's brain by neurites after transplantation. This finding may be a promising support for clinical application of neural tissue transplantation. In contrast, rhodamine-labeled SCN cell suspension transplanted into host's third ventricle did not restore circadian rhythmicity in 24 cases. Histological analysis revealed aggregated donor cells attached to the third ventricle and immunocytochemically stained with both VIP and vasopressin. Furthermore, rhodamine within the host brain suggested the fiber connections between the host and the donor cells. This result indicated that the circadian oscillator in SCN may function only based on the structural integrity of the SCN.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Intrascrotal leiomyoma: report of a case].

A case of intrascrotal leiomyoma is reported. The patient was a 56-year-old male who complained of painless mass in the scrotum. He noticed the mass about 10 years ago and it had gradually enlarged. The mass was removed surgically. Pathohistological diagnosis of the specimen was leiomyoma. The literature revealed 13 cases of intrascrotal leiomyoma in Japan.

Genital Neoplasms, Male↗
PubMed1991

Analyses of survival rate of unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma in aspect of data analyses.

Using Cox's proportional hazard model and Weibull's proportional hazard model and taking into account the covariates involved, estimation of survival time was made on 94 confirmed deceased cases of unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (excluding cases of cystadenocarcinoma) from the data of their admission for confirmation of diagnosis. The following results were obtained: 1) The covariates which were related to the prognosis of unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma were presence or absence of metastasis to the liver and lung, type of treatment for obstructive jaundice, and whether in such treatment, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy was conducted. 2) Estimation of the survival time after adjusting these factors showed that the median survival time was 57 days in untreated cases with metastasis, 107 days in untreated cases without metastasis, 284 days in cases with metastasis in which surgical treatment for obstructive jaundice, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy was administered, and 350 days in cases without metastasis in which the same positive treatment was administered. It can therefore be deduced that multidisciplinary treatment is effective in prolonging life.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[CT-guided stereotactic surgery of brain abscess].

Seven patients with brain abscess underwent CT-guided stereotactic aspiration using Iseki's stereotactic apparatus. Three of them were under the age of fifteen and four were older than thirty. The lesions were single and round in four cases, multilobular in two and multiple in one patient. Operations were performed after systemic administration of antibiotics for more than two weeks and after capsule formation was confirmed on CTs. Preoperative volume of the abscesses was estimated from CTs. The target point chosen was the center of the ring of the largest diameter in the enhanced lesion. Abscess was aspirated under monitoring with intraoperative CT scan. No continuous drainage was performed and no antibiotics were given directly into the abscess cavity. In all cases the center of the abscess was punctured with a single trial. Average volume of the preoperative brain abscesses was 18.8ml. Aspirated volume at the time of the operation averaged 16.9ml and all the abscesses decreased to unmeasurable size on CTs. In five of seven patients abscesses were cured after a single aspiration, and in one case after the second operation. One case required extirpation of the lesion. During the follow-up period of four months to five and a half years six patients showed no recurrence. One patient died of unrelated cause four and a half years after the operation. No operative complication was noted. There was no operative morbidity or mortality. Using a CT guided stereotactic method, brain abscess is punctured so accurately, regardless of its location and size, that damage to the surrounding brain during operation can be minimized. Therefore it is highly possible to aspirate abscesses completely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Location of the suprachiasmatic nucleus grafts in rats which restored circadian rhythmicity after transplantation.

In Wistar male rats whose circadian wheel running activity rhythms were disrupted by bilateral suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) lesions, transplantation of neonatal rat SCN into the 3rd ventricle was performed. Out of 49 rats from which adequate wheel running activity records were obtained, 15 rats showed restoration of circadian rhythm starting 2 to 13 weeks (average 1 month) after transplantation. The existence of active SCN neurons in the graft was shown by immunocytochemical reactivity to vasopressin- and VIP-like substances. In all rats, effective grafts were found in the diencephalon, mostly on the wall of the 3rd ventricle.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Salivary gland echography in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Ultrasonographic examinations of salivary glands were performed on 24 patients with Sjögren's syndrome. On B-mode echographic images, the submandibular glands of 21 of the patients (88%) showed a heterogeneous pattern, whereas all of the control subjects had homogeneous patterns. This distinction was further confirmed by the results of the analysis of the histogram patterns of echo intensity and echo frequency of the submandibular glands, which showed that the width of the echo level at 0% and 10% of the maximum normalized frequency was significantly greater in patients with Sjögren's syndrome than in the control subjects. Similar histographic findings were present in the parotid glands, although the heterogeneous ultrasonographic pattern was observed in only 8 of the 24 patients (33%). These results indicate that ultrasonography may be useful in the evaluation of salivary gland involvement in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Oblique tibial osteotomy for rotational and varus deformities in children.

A technique of oblique tibial osteotomy is described which is effective in correcting varus and medial rotational deformities in young children. The oblique cut in one plane corrects both elements of the deformity at the same time. We have used the method on both legs in four children and satisfactory results were obtained.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Alterations in acetylcholine release in the rat hippocampus during sleep-wakefulness detected by intracerebral dialysis.

Acetylcholine (ACh) release from the dorsal hippocampus was continuously monitored in freely moving rats during a light period using an intracerebral dialysis technique. A dialysate was collected every 6 min and polygraph recordings including cortical and hippocampal electroencephalograms, electromyogram, and electrooculogram were simultaneously made to determine the stage of sleep-wakefulness. The content of ACh was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. ACh output showed profound and state-dependent fluctuations. ACh levels during waking increased approximately 300% compared to slow wave sleep. In contrast, the rate of ACh release during paradoxical sleep was as high as during waking and appeared to be even higher. These results revealed that the intracerebral dialysis technique provides a useful method to monitor changes in spontaneous neurotransmitter release during the sleep-waking cycle.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

Pontine lesions attenuate physostigmine suppression of self-stimulation in the rat.

In male Wistar albino rats with chronically implanted electrodes, self-stimulation behavior was compared before and after making bilateral pontine lesions involving the subcoeruleus area and adjacent tegmental field. Before lesioning, slight suppression of bar pressing after subcutaneous injection of 0.05 mg/kg physostigmine, marked stable suppression after 0.1 mg/kg, and very strong suppression after 0.2 mg/kg were observed. After making pontine lesions, the suppressive effects of physostigmine were clearly attenuated. With 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, no effect or only occasional slight suppression was observed in most cases. With 0.2 mg/kg, total suppression was induced in association with some peripheral effects, but the duration was obviously less than in the prelesion controls. Control saline injection did not produce a suppressive effect. From these findings, it is suggested that suppression of self-stimulation by physostigmine up to 0.1 mg/kg is due to the inhibition of motor activity through the cholinoceptive dorso-lateral pontine tegmental area and not due to a direct effect on the forebrain cholinergic process, presumably involving reinforcement or motivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Analgesic effects of D-amino acids in four inbred strains of mice.

1. Prominent strain differences of mice were found in analgesic effects of D-amino acids. 2. In C57BL/6CrSlc and C3H/HeSlc mice, pain threshold, which was determined by using a hot-plate method, increased to 140-175% of the control after the systemic treatment of all three D-amino acids employed, such as D-phenylalanine, -leucine and -methionine, whereas in DBA/2CrSlc or BALB/cCrSlc mice, out of three only one D-amino acid, D-phenylalanine or -leucine, produced significant increase of pain threshold. 3. This lack of ability to perceive analgesic effects of specific amino acids observed in the latter two strains suggests that there probably exist different analgesia-inducing mechanisms for each of three D-amino acids in mice and the latter two strains lack two of them.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Fractionation and characterization of mitogenic and anti-complementary active fractions from kampo (Japanese Herbal) medicine "juzen-taiho-to".

"Juzen-Taiho-To" (TJ-48), which is a kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine prepared by decocting a prescription of ten kinds of herbs, has several immunostimulating activities. In order to characterize the active substances for anti-complementary and mitogenic activities, TJ-48 was fractionated. Anti-complementary activity was observed in the water- and methanol-insoluble fraction (F-2) and the crude polysaccharide fraction (F-5), whereas mitogenic activity was only found in F-5. However, other low molecular mass fractions did not show both activities. Methylation analysis indicated that F-2 mainly contained amylopectin-like polysaccharides. Both Pronase digestion and periodate oxidation decreased the anti-complementary activity of F-2, and the beta-amylase-resistant fraction of F-2 still retained the potent anti-complementary activity. When F-5, which has the most potent of both activities, was further fractionated, only the major acidic polysaccharide fraction, F-5-2, showed potent mitogenic activity. Endo-alpha-(1----4)-polygalacturonase digestion showed that F-5-2 mainly contained pectic polysaccharides, and the endo-polygalacturonase treatment of F-5-2 reduced the mitogenic activity but not the anti-complementary activity. F-2 and F-5 each activated the complement system by a different mode of action.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of bone turnover in patients with bone metastasis of various cancer of urogenital tract].

To study the bone turnover in patients with bone metastasis from cancers of the kidney, bladder, prostate and other organs, Ca metabolism, vitamin D related hormones and various markers, such as bone glaprotein (BGP) and hydroxyproline, were investigated. In the group with osteolytic metastasis of non-prostatic cancer patients, BGP which is a measure of bone absorption was significantly increased and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, Ca and P was elevated. Serum Ca was also higher and 1 alpha 25 (OH)2D and 250HD, measures of the metabolism of vitamin D, were lower. It was shown that bone absorption was promoted with the osteolytic findings by clinical X-ray examination, but osteoblastic changes which did not depend on osteoblast cells, seemed to exist in this group. On the contrary, in the group with osteoblastic metastasis from prostatic cancer, the level of BGP was not increased, but urinary hydroxyproline was moderately increased. Serum and urinary Ca and P levels were increased. In addition, 1 alpha 25 (OH)2D and 24 x 25 (OH)2D were lower than in the control group. These results indicate that urinary hydroxyproline is a useful marker for patients with bone metastasis, but BGP was correlative with neither the clinical findings of bone metastasis nor the bone turn over and metabolisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Effects of cyclophosphamide in newly hatched chickens after inoculation with avian nephritis virus.

Effects of immunosuppression were compared in newly hatched chickens given cyclophosphamide (CY) after inoculation with avian nephritis virus (ANV). All CY-treated infected chickens died within 13 days after inoculation of the virus and had heavy urate deposits throughout the body. However, non-CY-treated infected, CY-treated noninfected, and non-CY-treated noninfected control chickens survived through the observation period. In a chronologic study, the value of serum uric acid in CY-treated infected chickens was more than 3 times higher than that in non-CY-treated infected chickens, and more than 9 times higher than in noninfected chickens. Serum uric acid values were coincident with the positive degree of ANV antigen in the tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys and with the severity of renal degeneration. Serologic and immunohistologic examinations did not reveal detectable antibody and IgG- and IgM-containing cells in the spleen and kidneys of CY-treated infected chickens. However, non-CY-treated infected chickens had an increased number of IgM- and IgG-containing cells and antibody against ANV on postinoculation day 6. These findings demonstrated that CY treatment enhanced the susceptibility of chickens to ANV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Macro creatine kinase in a case of carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency.

A stout man was admitted to the hospital with acute rhabdomyolysis associated with macro creatine kinase (macro-CK, EC 2.7.3.2). This anomaly of CK was detected by gel electrophoresis as an atypical band between CK-MB and CK-MM, classified according to Stein's criteria (Clin Chem 1982; 28:19-24) as type 1, and identified by immunofixation electrophoresis as containing CK isoenzymes MM and MB and immunoglobulin A. Muscle biopsy showed that the etiology of rhabdomyolysis in this case was deficiency of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT, EC 2.3.1.21) in the muscle. We report the first observation of macro-CK in a case of CPT deficiency; its presence may result from recurrent rhabdomyolytic attacks owing to CPT deficiency, and may suggest underlying enzymic abnormality in muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of succinylcholine on serum levels of myoglobin and CK in children under halothane or enflurane anesthesia].

We studied the effects of succinylcholine (SCC) on serum levels of myoglobin (Mb) and CK in children under halothane or enflurane anesthesia. Forty-five children, aged 2 years 11 months to 12 years 6 months were subjected to this study. They were divided into four groups; the two groups were injected with SCC 1 mg.kg-1 intravenously to facilitate tracheal intubation and maintained with halothane (Group SH) or with enflurane (Group SE). The other two groups were intubated without the aid of SCC and maintained with halothane (Group H), or with enflurane (Group E). Mb was analyzed by an antibody radioimmunoassay technique and CK was analyzed by a modified Rosalki's method. While Mb increased in all four groups, the increase was pronounced in the SCC groups (60 min value of Group SH 2192 +/- 639 ng.ml-1, Group SE 1722 +/- 436 ng.ml-1, mean +/- SE), and the increase was significantly smaller in SCC free groups (Group H 40 +/- 12 ng.ml-1, Group E 43 +/- 9 ng.ml-1). The CK value increased only in the SCC groups to 174.1 +/- 32.8 IU.l-1 in Group SH, and to 193.6 +/- 35.7 IU.l-1 in Group SE at 60 min, respectively. These results indicate that increases in Mb and CK values were mainly induced by SCC injection and that SCC might play some roles in development of malignant hyperthermia.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗