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Biomedical subjects

H Kawamoto

Publications and source records attributed to H Kawamoto.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[A mild case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia].

We encountered a mild case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a 24-year-old man who developed symptoms once he started smoking. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed eosinophilia. Chest computed tomography revealed a small amount of bilateral pleural effusion and multicentric panacinar shadows with peripheral ground-glass opacities. During the clinical course, the patient suffered only cough and fever, which subsided in 13 days without the administration of steroids. Although the clinical course in this case resembled that of simple pulmonary eosinophilia, we diagnosed it as a mild case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia because pleural effusion rarely accompanies simple pulmonary eosinophilia, symptoms developed when the patient began smoking, and interstitial involvement was suggested by bilateral effusion and ground-glass opacity. We look forward to the establishment of the disease concept of acute eosinophilic pneumonia, including mild cases, and a classification system for eosinophilic lung diseases, including acute eosinophilic pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[A computed tomography-based study of features developmental patterns: Mycobacterium avium complex without predisposing conditions].

The aim of this study was to determine the computed tomographic (CT) features and developmental patterns of Mycobacterium avium complex disease (MAC disease). The author examined chest CT films from 36 cases of MAC without predisposing conditions, 8 early-stage cases, and 6 long-term follow-up cases. Prominent CT features included centrilobular abnormalities (in the lower part of the right upper lobe, middle lobe, and lingula predominance), airspace consolidation, and bronchiectasis in the middle lobe and lingula. Patterns of development typically began with centrilobular abnormalities in the lower part of the right upper lobe, middle lobe, or lingula. These centrilobular abnormalities tended to fuse, leading to airspace consolidation in the middle lobe and lingula. Bronchial wall thickening was followed by bronchiectasis in the middle lobe and lingula. These CT-image features and patterns (centrilobular abnormalities, airspace consolidation, and bronchiectasis) were thought to be manifestations of sequential phases of MAC disease development.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed1997

Extracapsular invasion of lymph node metastasis is an indicator of distant metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: In patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma, age and the presence or absence of distant metastasis are regarded as the main prognostic factors. However, the histologic characteristics of thyroid papillary carcinoma that develops distant metastasis have not yet been clarified. METHODS: The histologic findings and prognosis of 50 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma who later developed distant metastasis (metastatic group) were compared with those of 50 patients without local recurrence or distant metastasis (control group). The age, tumor size, and gender ratio of the control group were matched with those of the metastatic group. Univariate analyses (chi-square test and/or Fisher's exact test) and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were performed. RESULTS: Univariate analyses showed that the incidence of nonpure papillary carcinoma, absence of bone at the periphery of the tumor, invasion of the perithyroidal muscle, large lymph node deposits, and extranodal invasion were significantly higher in the metastatic group. Multivariate analyses revealed that only extranodal invasion was statistically significant (P = 0.0045) and that the odds ratio of extranodal invasion in distant metastasis was 9. Moreover, the risk of death from thyroid carcinoma was higher among the patients with extranodal invasion than those without (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of extranodal invasion in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma is an indicator of distant metastasis and poorer prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Hemopoietic progenitors in the murine fetal liver capable of rapidly generating T cells.

We investigated the hemopoietic progenitors in fetal liver (FL) compared with those in adult bone marrow (BM) for their ability to differentiate into T, B, and myeloid cells. Lineage marker-negative (Lin-) c-kit+ cells isolated from FL and BM were used as the source of progenitors. No apparent difference was observed between FL and BM progenitors in their ability to generate B and myeloid cells when these progenitors were cultured on a monolayer of a BM-derived stromal cell line. In marked contrast, FL progenitors were able to generate T cells much more rapidly than BM progenitors in both in vivo intrathymic cell transfer and fetal thymus organ culture systems. The same type of FL progenitors were also found in the FL of congenitally athymic nu/nu mice, indicating that these progenitors arise in FL independently of the fetal thymus. The present study have provided circumstantial evidence suggesting the presence of T cell lineage-committed progenitors in FL.

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMed1997

Analysis of Cdc2 and Cyclin D1 Expression in Breast Cancer by Immunoblotting.

Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases may reflect the status of cell proliferation in cancer tissues. The authors sought to determine whether cdc2 and cyclin D1 are expressed in breast cancer and are useful as prognostic factors. Accumulation of cdc2 and cyclin D1 proteins was examined in 88 cases of breast cancer using immunoblotting techniques and correlations with clinicopathological factors and prognoses were investigated. Cdc2 and cyclin D1 proteins were observed in 27.3 % and 75.0 % of breast cancers studied, respectively. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was significantly high in cdc2/cyclin D1-double positive group and low in double negative group. On the other hand, the incidence of estrogen receptor (ER) negative cases was significantly higher in the cdc2-positive/cyclin D1-negative group. Relapse-free survival times of cdc2-positive cases were significantly shorter than those of Cdc2-negative cases. The relapse-free survival times of cyclin D1-positive cases also tended to be poorer than those of cyclin D1-negative cases. Multivariate analyses revealed cdc2 as the second most significant of the prognostic variables, following lymph node status. The three-year relapse-free survival rate of cdc2/cyclin D1-double positive cases was 58.9%, whereas that of cdc2/cyclin D1-doublue negative cases was 100%. Cdc2 and cyclin D1 represent the status of cell proliferation in breast cancer, and may be useful in breast cancer assessment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

MIB1 immunopositivity is associated with rapid regrowth of pituitary adenomas.

Pituitary adenomas are generally regarded as benign tumours, but they may recur. We identified eight patients with pituitary adenomas that showed rapid regrowth within 2 years of initial surgery. We estimated the percentage of cells in each specimen that showed positive immunostaining for MIB1 (a novel anti-Ki-67) and compared the values to those of 40 adenomas that showed no regrowth. The mean MIB1 index for 40 adenomas that showed no evidence of regrowth was 0.19 +/- 0.06%. This was significantly (p < 0.0001) lower than that for adenomas that showed rapid regrowth (1.27 +/- 0.31%), based on the initial resected specimens. Immediately after detection of rapid regrowth and in adenomas that were resistant to bromocriptine or irradiation, the MIB1 index was always greater than 1.0%. Most patients with rapidly regrowing adenomas were well controlled by radiation therapy. Our results suggest that a MIB1 index greater than 1.0% may be a useful predictor of rapid regrowth of pituitary adenomas and may be useful for planning of therapy.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

Thyroid cancer associated with adenomatous goiter: an analysis of the incidence and clinical factors.

We evaluated the incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with adenomatous goiter and investigated the clinical factors distinguishing patients with occult thyroid cancer, defined as a tumor size smaller than or equal to 10 mm, from those with clinical thyroid cancer, defined as a tumor size larger than 10 mm. Of 835 patients with histologically confirmed adenomatous goiter, 256 (30.7%) also had thyroid cancer, being occult in 137 patients and clinical in 119 patients. There was no correlation between the maximum size of the thyroid cancer tumor and the age of the patient, and the percentage of patients with thyroid cancer in each group was not influenced by age. There were no significant differences in age, sex, the serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, and thyroglobulin, or the urinary iodine creatinine ratio. The frequency of calcified lesions being detected by ultrasonography (US) and/or neck X-ray in the patients with clinical thyroid cancer was significantly greater than that in those with occult cancer at 83% vs 57%, respectively (P < 0.0001). This study disclosed a high prevalence of thyroid cancer associated with adenomatous goiter, and the results suggest that a considerable number of associated carcinomas remain occult. The detection of calcification in the thyroid gland is one of the surgical indications for patients with adenomatous goiter.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1997

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in a patient with parasagittal white matter shearing injury.

We present a 32-year-old woman with a parasagittal white matter shearing injury of the left frontal lobe following a motor vehicle collision. There was monoplegia of the right lower extremity. Computed tomography failed to demonstrate the lesion which was visible on magnetic resonance images. In particular, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images were useful to depict the shearing injury, since sulci were of low intensity on those images.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of heat-hyperalgesia in an experimental trigeminal neuropathy in rats.

Secondary trigeminal neuralgia (STN) follows an injury to the trigeminal nerve or one of its branches. Although rare, this condition results in great suffering and it is notoriously difficult to treat. The experimental analysis of painful neuropathy due to damage to the innervation of the limbs (e.g., the sciatic nerve) has progressed rapidly in recent years, but very few reports have appeared concerning experimental neuropathy in the trigemenial region. We report here an experimental rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain produced by a chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION), and on a method that detects heat-evoked pain-related behavior. Rats with the CCI-ION have clear signs of heat-hyperalgesia when stimulated on the snout (the vibrissal pad). The hyperalgesia is seen both ipsi- and contralateral to the side of nerve injury, but is significantly more severe ipsilaterally, and lasts about 12 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Binding nature and denaturation of protein during interaction with galloylglucose.

Analysis of insoluble complexes between tetragalloylglucose and proteins following a series of successive washes with buffer indicated (1) heterogeneity of binding between galloylglucose and protein and (2) irreversible denaturation of protein during interaction with galloylglucose. Relatively large amounts of tetragalloylglucose were removed by initial washes, indicating weak, low affinity binding, whereas smaller amounts removed by subsequent washes suggest bonds with a higher affinity. Although the maximum number of bindings sites, calculated per 10,000 M(r) of protein, was similar for BSA, myoglobin and lysozyme, the proportion of these sites that appeared to have high affinity, varied from 8 to 29%. The low proportion of strongly binding sites in lysozyme explains its relatively low tannin-complexing ability. Solubility decrease in protein during successive washing and decrease in the beta-glucosidase activity indicate that irreversible denaturation of protein occurs, which progresses with an increase in the incubation time with galloylglucose and galloylglucose/protein molar ratio in the mixture. Relative affinity of galloylglucose is directly related to the ability to cause irreversible denaturation.

Hydrolyzable Tannins↗
PubMed1997

Expression of epithelial cadherin and cavernous sinus invasion in human pituitary adenomas.

Pituitary adenomas generally are regarded as benign tumors, although some invade the cavernous sinus and recur. We examined the epithelial cadherin (E-CD) expression in 30 pituitary adenomas (6 with cavernous sinus invasion and 24 without). Immunoreactivity of E-CD were found in all pituitary adenomas but they were very various. The presence of an association between E-CD expression and cavernous sinus invasion was assessed. There were no significant differences in E-CD expression between invasive and noninvasive adenomas. These results suggest that E-CD expression is not associated with cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

Postoperative tetany in patients with Graves' disease: a risk factor analysis.

OBJECTIVE: There is little information regarding the clinical risk factors for postoperative tetany in patients with Graves' disease. We analysed the risk factors responsible for postoperative tetany by univariate and multivariate analysis in thyroidectomized patients with Graves' disease, and we discuss the mechanisms of hypocalcaemia and tetany after surgery. PATIENTS: The subjects were 1742 consecutive patients with Graves' disease who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy between 1992 and 1994. RESULTS: Univariate analysis of 15 possible risk factors demonstrated that 10 were significant: sex, required operation time, blood loss, preoperative serum calcium level, estimated weight of thyroid remnant, size of goitre, amount of excised thyroid tissue, serum alkaline phosphatase concentration, age at operation and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobin (TBII). In multivariate analysis in female patients, the risk factors were: preoperative lower serum calcium level, younger age, higher serum alkaline phosphatase concentration, larger size of goitre and higher value of TBII, in order of decreasing probability of significance. CONCLUSION: These results, combined with previous observations in which a significant decline in serum parathyroid hormone level was found in patients with Graves' disease who suffered postoperative tetany, suggests that postoperative tetany may occur during the period of bone restoration due to antithyroid drug therapy and be due to continuation of a calcium flux bone concomitant with transient hypoparathyroidism induced by surgery. Calcium supplements during preoperative period and/or after surgery may be appropriate for patients who are anticipated to develop postoperative tetany based on these risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Direct evidence for the commitment of hematopoietic stem cells to T, B and myeloid lineages in murine fetal liver.

We established an experimental system in vitro to examine the developmental capacity of individual hematopoietic progenitors to generate T, B and myeloid (M) cells. By using this system we analyzed the process of lineage commitment of hematopoietic progenitors in murine fetal liver (FL). It is known that small numbers of B and M cells, in addition to T cells, are generated in a co-culture of hematopoietic progenitors and a deoxyguanosine-treated fetal thymus (FT) lobe. We tried to enhance the growth of B and M cells by the addition of IL-7, IL-3 and stem cell factor into the co-culture. This cytokine-supplemented FT organ culture was used to examine the developmental capacity of individual hematopoietic progenitors in FL. Single cells of lineage marker (Lin)-c-kit+Sca-1+ (Sca-1+) and Lin-c-kit+Sca-1-(Sca-1-) populations from the FL harvested at day 12 of gestation were cultured for 10 days, and the phenotypes of cells generated in each lobe were analyzed with a flow cytometer. All progenitors in the Sca-1- population were shown to be committed to generate only T, B or M cells. On the other hand, multipotent progenitors, which are capable of generating T, B and M cells, as well as unipotent progenitors committed to the T, B or M lineage were found in the Sca-1+ population. Bipotent progenitors generating M and T cells and those generating M and B cells were also found in the Sca-1+ population, which probably represent progenitors in the process of commitment. However, no bipotent progenitors generating T and B cells were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of glycyrrhizin on immune-mediated cytotoxicity.

Intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin is known to decrease elevated plasma transaminase levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, in which immune-mediated cytotoxicity by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is considered to play an important pathogenic role. However, the immunological interpretation of the transaminase-lowering action of glycyrrhizin is not known. Studies were performed to elucidate this action immunologically by assessing the effects of glycyrrhizin on immune-mediated cytotoxicity using an antigen-specific murine CD4+ T hybridoma line, which exhibits cytotoxicity against antigen-presenting cells after stimulation with specific antigen, and a murine TNF-alpha-sensitive fibroblast line. Glycyrrhizin inhibited the cytotoxic activity of the T cells against antigen-presenting cells and also suppressed TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity in the TNF-alpha-sensitive cell line in vitro. These results suggest that the decrease of elevated transaminase levels by glycyrrhizin in patients with chronic viral hepatitis is mediated in part by inhibition of immune-mediated cytotoxicity against hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Expression of the G2-M checkpoint regulators cyclin B1 and cdc2 in nonmalignant and malignant human breast lesions: immunocytochemical and quantitative image analyses.

We investigated the in vivo expression of cyclin B1 and Cdc2 (key molecules for G2-M transition during the cell cycle) in nonmalignant and cancerous human breast lesions using immunohistochemistry and quantitative proliferative index (PI) analysis. Breast epithelial cells co-expressed cyclin B1 and Cdc2 in their cytoplasm in the G2 phase and in their nuclei in the M phase. Cyclin B1, but not Cdc2, immunostaining rapidly disappeared from the nuclei during the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition. Static image analysis revealed the mean proliferative index for cyclin B1/cdc2 for each type of lesion to be as follows: normal glands (n = 20), 2.0/2.5%; benign lesions, including typical ductal hyperplasia (n = 76), 2.5/5.8%; atypical ductal hyperplasia (n = 21), 3.0/6.6%; carcinomas in situ (n = 70), 7.4/14.0%; and invasive carcinomas (n = 58), 10.0/22.9%. Proliferative index data for atypical hyperplasia were virtually identical to those for benign lesions and were significantly lower than those for breast cancer, suggesting that expression levels of cyclin B1 and Cdc2 may be used to distinguish premalignant human breast lesions from advanced disease. Furthermore, the proliferative index for cyclin B1 for comedo-type ductal carcinomas in situ agreed with that for invasive ductal carcinomas (mean, 10.1% versus 9.5%), apparently explaining the clinicopathological aggressiveness of this tumor at the molecular level.

Breast Diseases↗