Biomedical subjects

H Kawada

Publications and source records attributed to H Kawada.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

[Effects of cytarabine ocfosfate on colony-stimulating factor in myelodysplastic syndrome with monosomy 7].

A 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of pancytopenia in April 1992. A diagnosis of refractory anemia was made. The karyotype was normal male type on the initial study. Subcutaneous administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) initially increased the peripheral neutrophil count, bat in January 1993, although blast cells did not increase, neutrophils had decreased in spite of the continuation of G-CSF administration. Chromosome analysis showed 46XY, +Y, -7 at this point. By adding 50 mg of cytarabine ocfosfate (SPAC) daily, the peripheral neutrophil count again rose dramatically. However, anemia, thrombocytopenia and the chromosomal abnormality were unchanged. These results indicate that SPAC may upregulate the effect of G-CSF on granulopoiesis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization with chemotherapy and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in patients with hematological malignancies.

Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation (PBSCT) following high-dose chemotherapy is considered to be an effective and curative strategy for patients with certain malignancies. Optimal conditions for collection of PBSC and successful PBSCT, however, are still controversial. We performed 57 leukaphereses after 19 courses of chemotherapy for mobilization of PBSC (semi-high-dose VP-16 alone; 500 mg/m2/day for 3 or 4 days, 13 courses, or conventional chemotherapy; six courses) combined with subsequent G-CSF administration in 13 patients with malignancies (six with lymphoma, five with leukemia, and two with germ cell tumors). Total numbers of the CD34+ cells and CFU-GM obtained by multiple leukaphereses after one course of mobilization therapy were 0.63-168.74 x 10(6)/kg (mean 33.94) and 0.15-56.0 x 10(5)/kg (mean 8.22), respectively. We demonstrated that many cellular components of peripheral blood (PB) on the day of PBSC harvest, especially CD34+ cell, total leukocyte, myelocyte and monocyte counts, were correlated with the numbers of CFU-GM obtained in each leukapheresis. A daily increase of leukocyte counts was another useful indicator for the day of PBSC harvest. We also found that the time when total leukocyte counts in PB recovered to more than 5000/microliters or when CD34+ cells within PB mononuclear cells exceeded 1% was optimal for PBSC harvest. Our results confirmed that the semi-high-dose regimen with VP-16 combined with G-CSF is a safe method which has both antitumor effects and mobilization ability of PBSC in patients with hematological malignancies. PBSCT following various high-dose chemotherapy regimens with or without total body irradiation was also performed in 11 of the 13 patients, and rapid hematologic recovery was observed in all of the patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Utilization of bloodfed females of Aedes aegypti as a vehicle for the transfer of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen to larval habitats.

Bloodfed female Aedes aegypti were exposed to a surface treated with pyriproxyfen at 1.0 g m2 for 30 min and then allowed to lay eggs in cups of water containing 4th-instar larvae. Adult emergence from the immatures was highly inhibited, and transmission of pyriproxyfen from the females to the water was revealed. The transfer of the chemical to the water decreased with time before the blood meal. Chemical analysis for pyriproxyfen on the exoskeleton of treated females demonstrated the rapid disappearance of the compound. Pyriproxyfen obviously affected egg maturation of females treated before blood meals, as the number of eggs deposited decreased concurrently with the number of days before the blood meals.

Aedes↗

PubMed1994

Laboratory evaluation of fenitrothion microcapsules as a new residual spraying formulation for mosquito control.

Physicochemical and insecticidal properties of fenitrothion microcapsule (MC) as a new residual spraying formulation for mosquito control were studied. The wall staining after treatment with MC at the rate of 1-2 g AI/m2 was not noticeable as compared with that of wettable powder (WP). Covering rate with MC on a vertical wall was almost the same as WP and emulsifiable concentrate (EC) when the wall material was absorptive plywood and mud, and was relatively higher than WP and EC when the wall material was nonabsorptive overlaid plywood. Residual efficacy of MC at the rate of 1 g/m2 was almost equivalent or superior to that of WP at the rate of 2 g/m2. Fenitrothion MC also has had an "airborne" effect, which is sort of a vapor killing effect of insecticides under high vapor pressure. This suggested a difference in mode of action in mosquitoes from that for cockroach control.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Pure red cell aplasia induced by erythromycin and furosemide effects on in vitro erythroid colony forming unit (CFU-E)].

A 84-year-old man was treated with antibiotics including erythromycin and a diuretic (furosemide) because of acute heart failure and pneumonia. During the treatment, he developed moderate anemia (Hb 8.7g/dl). His anemia improved after the treatment. He again developed marked anemia (Hb 6.3g/dl) during the second treatment with erythromycin and furosemide and received blood transfusions. Bone marrow aspiration study revealed severe erythroid hypoplasia (0.2%). He was referred to our hospital, but he was not treated because his hemoglobin levels and reticulocyte count increased (80%) and his bone marrow showed increased erythroblasts (41.5%). His anemia gradually improved without any treatment. We diagnosed the case as drug-induced pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). We cultured bone marrow cells obtained from the present case and four normal healthy volunteers by a plasma clot method to determine the effects of two drugs on the number of erythroid colony forming unit (CFU-E). Furosemide strongly inhibited the CFU-E colony formation in the patient, but the inhibition effect of erythromycin was moderate. Furthermore, CFU-E was markedly suppressed by a combination of erythromycin and furosemide in both patient and control materials. These results indicate that both furosemide and erythromycin were related to the occurrence of PRCA in this patient.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Interaction between biofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and clarithromycin.

Interactions between bacterial biofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and clarithromycin, a macrolide having no anti-P. aeruginosa activity, were investigated. P. aeruginosa incubated for 10 days on membrane filters formed biofilms on the surfaces of the filters. The biofilms were characterized by dense colonizations of bacteria and thick membranous structures that covered the colonies. Treatment of the biofilms with a relatively low concentration of clarithromycin for 5 days resulted in an eradication of the membranous structures. Quantitative analysis of alginate and hexose was done to evaluate the quantity of polysaccharides in or on the biofilms. Treatment of the biofilms with clarithromycin decreased the quantity of alginate and hexose and therefore perhaps the quantity of polysaccharides as well. Eradication of the membranous structures of biofilms, or the decrease in the quantity of polysaccharides, resulted in an increase in the rate of penetration of antibiotics through bacterial biofilms. In vivo therapeutic effects of ofloxacin in the rat infection model, in which the biofilm mode of growth of P. aeruginosa is characteristic, were enhanced by oral coadministration of clarithromycin. It is suggested that clarithromycin eradicated glycocalyx produced by P. aeruginosa, or suppressed the production of glycocalyx, by unknown mechanisms and thereby enhanced the therapeutic efficacies of other antimicrobial agents against infections caused by P. aeruginosa.

Alginates↗

PubMed1993

Rat surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A) exhibits antioxidant effects on alveolar macrophages.

The effects of surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A) on the superoxide production of rat alveolar macrophages (AM) were studied. Superoxide production was measured by the ferricytochrome c reduction method. When AM were incubated with SP-A only during the measurement of superoxide production, superoxide production was not influenced by SP-A. However, when AM were preincubated with SP-A at a concentration of 1, 2, and 10 micrograms/ml, superoxide production by AM was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). The superoxide production of AM stimulated by PMA was significantly inhibited by SP-A at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml (P < 0.01), and superoxide production stimulated by zymosan was also inhibited by SP-A at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (P < 0.05). Suppression of superoxide production of unstimulated and PMA-stimulated AM was significantly inhibited by anti-SP-A antibody. Superoxide generation by the xanthine and xanthine oxidase system was not affected by the presence of SP-A. Our results suggest that superoxide production of AM can be inhibited by SP-A and that this inhibitory effect on AM is due to a specific effect of SP-A. From these results, it is speculated that SP-A may have a protective role for oxidant injury by AM in the lung.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Acquisition of CD13 and CD33 expression at relapse on acute myeloid leukemia cells with an unusual phenotype: MPO+CD13-CD33-.

A case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an unusual phenotype which was negative for a panel of myeloid antigens determined by flow cytometry, but was strongly positive for myeloperoxidase has recently been reported. We herein describe a case of AML with this unusual phenotype at diagnosis; relapse occurred with the acquisition of CD13 and CD33 expressions. Morphological features of the blasts at relapse seemed to be more compatible with myeloblasts than those at diagnosis. These phenotypic and morphological changes are suggestive of asynchronous differentiation, clonal evolution or clonal change of leukemic cells.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed1993

[An elderly case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura].

A 78-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of disorientation and fever on January 21, 1992. Two days before admission she experienced vomiting, anorexia and general malaise. Laboratory examinations on admission disclosed a hemoglobin level of 11.1 g/dl and a platelet count of 8,000/microliters. The peripheral blood smear revealed anisocytosis with numerous schistocytes and poikilocytes. Polychromatophilic and nucleated red blood cells were also seen, and the reticulocyte count was 38/1000. Her serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value was 2,977 WU and the total serum bilirubin level was 3.5 mg/dl with 2.7 mg/dl indirect reacting fraction. Serum creatinine was 4.7 mg/dl. Her consciousness became semicomatose after a systemic seizure which lasted approximately 15 seconds and her hemoglobin level decreased to 8.5 g/dl on hospital day 2. Therefore, we diagnosed her as having thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) because of the presence of all 5 features, that is, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, fluctuating neurologic abnormalities, renal dysfunction and fever. A plasmapheresis with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) replacement was begun on that day. She was also treated with anti-platelet agents, 80 mg/day aspirin, and 300 mg/day dipyridamole. Moreover, packed red blood cells (PRC) were infused. While also receiving diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital to prevent convulsions, status epilepticus developed on day 3. Because of inhibited spontaneous respiration which was an adverse effect derived from diazepam and sodium thiamylal administered intravenously to treat the status epilepticus, an artificial respiration was initiated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Changes of bone marrow MRI pattern in aplastic anemia before and after bone marrow transplantation].

In order to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in estimating bone marrow cellularity, we performed T1-weighted MRI of the lumbar vertebral marrow in two patients with severe aplastic anemia, before and after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). High signal intensity was detected in the bone marrow before BMT, but the bone marrow pattern of MRI became normal after BMT. MRI seems to be effective for evaluating bone marrow cellularity and recovery, and for monitoring therapeutic effects in patients with aplastic anemia before and after treatment with BMT.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Refractory acute myelogenous leukemia successfully treated with a continuous infusion chemotherapy of low dose aclarubicin and cytosine arabinoside: a case report].

A 44-year-old female with refractory acute myelogeneous leukemia had experienced an early relapse after a third complete remission (CR) with combination chemotherapy (BHAC-AMP) using daily one-shot infusion of 20 mg aclarubicin (ACR). Further treatments including intermediate dose of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) were not effective. After treatment with a continuous administration of low dose ACR (9 mg/day) and Ara-C (21 mg/day) for 14 days she entered a fourth CR. The mechanism of this treatment relates to both cell-killing and differentiation effects on leukemic cells.

Aclarubicin↗

PubMed1993

[A case of right atrial myxoma: M-mode and pulsed-Doppler echocardiographic findings before and after operation].

There are some reports concerning operations of right atrial myxoma. But precise effect on systemic hemodynamics before and after operation of right atrial myxoma has not been reported. We studied hemodynamics of a 54 year-old male with right atrial myxoma before and after removal of myxoma by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. He was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea on effort and orthostatic dizziness. On two-dimensional echocardiography the apical four chamber view showed an abnormal huge mass echo with cystic change (6.9 x 4.4 cm) moving between the right atrium and the orifice of tricuspid valve. From this finding emergent operation was undertaken with the possible diagnosis of right atrial myxoma, and the mass was found to be a benign myxoma histopathologically originating from the right side of atrial septum. Left ventricular dimensions (Dd, Ds) and the dimension of left atrial chamber were enlarged after the operation by M-mode echocardiography. Among the left ventricular inflow parameters, rapid filling peak velocity (E) increased with no change in presystolic peak velocity (A) and A/E improved from 1.63 to 0.95. This improvement of left ventricular diastolic function was supposed to be induced through the increased preload. After the operation his manifestations of dyspnea and dizziness have disappeared. It should be emphasized that an increase in preload after the removal of right atrial myxoma is very important to keep left ventricular diastolic and systolic function.

Echocardiography↗

PubMed1992

Torsade de pointes induced by hypocalcemia in a postoperative patient with thyrotoxicosis.

A 29-year-old woman with a long-term history of Graves' disease was admitted for thyroidectomy. Torsade de pointes occurred after the subtotal thyroidectomy. The level of her serum calcium was lower than normal. After administration of calcium gluconate intravenously, torsade de pointes disappeared and was no longer recorded. It is assumed that her torsade de pointes was caused by hypocalcemia as a complication of subtotal thyroidectomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Impairment of baroreceptor reflex in patients with phaeochromocytoma.

We examined the baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) in two patients with adrenal phaeochromocytoma because of their wide BP fluctuations. These patients showed greatly reduced values for BRS, which returned to normal with marked improvements of BP fluctuations soon after the removal of phaeochromocytoma. In these patients, circulating blood volume was normal and episodic rises in BP occurred without detectable increases in plasma catecholamines. From these observations, a marked impairment of baroreceptor function is considered to be one of the determinants for the wide BP fluctuation in patients with phaeochromocytoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1991

Human immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous use induces elevation of cellular cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels, resulting in suppression of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 production.

We previously showed that human immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous use (IGIV) suppresses the in vitro production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by rabbit peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study we investigated the mechanism of the suppression. IGIV treated at pH4 (pH4-G) was used as IGIV. Fc fragments of pH4-G, as well as untreated pH4-G, suppressed TNF-alpha and IL-1 production by rabbit PEC stimulated with LPS. The interaction of pH4-G with PEC also resulted in generation of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP), known to be an intracellular second messenger. N6, 2'-0-dibutyryl cAMP (BtcAMP), a lipid-soluble derivative of cAMP, and cholera toxin (CT), an adenylate cyclase activating agent, also suppressed the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1. Further N-[2-(methylamino) ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide dihydrochloride (H-8), an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinases, abrogated the suppression by pH4-G of the productions. These results indicate that the binding of IGIV to PEC via Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma R) induces the elevation of intracellular cAMP levels, resulting in the suppression of LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 productions.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Cigarette smoke and bronchoepithelium].

Cigarette smoke is known to generate active oxygen species such as O2- and H2O2, and contains a variety of irritants capable of reducing the ciliary beat frequency (CBF). While acute cilio-inhibitory action of cigarette smoke no longer needs to be proved, little is known about the contribution of active oxygen compounds in cigarette smoke on the cilio-inhibitory action. Using cultured rabbit tracheal epithelium in vitro and CBF and the time to ciliostasis were measured by a microphoto-oscillation technique. An extract of cigarette smoke was made by bubbling smoke through 5 ml phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 5 min. Smoke extract alone (a concentration of 10% and 20%) gave ciliostasis after 37 +/- 6 min and 17 +/- 2 min, respectively. Significantly less toxic was smoke extract (a concentration of 10% and 20%) containing 200 micrograms/ml superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 200 micrograms/ml catalase, and the time to ciliostasis were 62 +/- 5 min and 24 +/- 1 min, respectively. There was no significant difference in terms of the time to ciliostasis between 20% smoke extract alone and 20% smoke extract containing inactivated 200 micrograms/ml SOD and 200 micrograms/ml catalase (22 +/- 2 min vs. 23 +/- 3 min). The effect of smoke extract on transcellular transport of fluorescein Dextran through cultured canine bronchial epithelium was also discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Rapid and sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for measuring tumor markers.

We developed a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) to quantify such tumor markers as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), CA19-9, and CA125. We used a novel chemiluminescent substrate, a derivative of 1,2-dioxetane phosphate (AMPPD), to measure alkaline phosphatase as a labeling enzyme to Fab' fragments of antibody. Regardless of the solid phase, i.e., polystyrene beads (6 mm diameter) or ferrite-coated particles (0.3 microns diameter), the standard curves within the dynamic ranges of the conventional RIA or enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were linear in all cases except for those with AFP. Use of the ferrite particles further shortens the immunoreaction, so the assay can be performed in 30 min. In addition, the relationships between concentrations of the marker and chemiluminescent signals for CA19-9, CA125, and CEA were linear up to concentrations about 10-fold greater than the ordinary dynamic ranges. Intra- and interassay CVs (averages for individual analyte) were 2.2%-4.9% and 2.0%-5.8%, respectively. In an analysis of serum samples, results of the CLEIA correlated reasonably well with those of RIA or EIA. The lower limit of detection by CLEIA with ferrite particles was 390 arb. units/L for CA19-9, 990 arb. units/L for CA125, 0.06 micrograms/L for CEA, and 0.03 micrograms/L for AFP. Thus, the sensitivity increased to between two- and 10-fold that of RIA or colorimetric EIA, depending on the analytes.

Adamantane↗

PubMed1991

[A case of severe summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis treated with high-dose administration of steroid].

A 40-year-old man who lived in a wooden house built 30 years ago presented with complaints of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. Chest X-ray findings showed interstitial shadows throughout bilateral lung fields. After admission, high-dose administration of 3000 mg of methylprednisolone was performed because of deterioration of chest X-ray shadows and symptoms. In a week, clinical data and symptoms improved. Findings of BAL fluid on admission revealed a relative increase of lymphocytes, neutrophils and mast cells, and pathological findings of transbronchial lung biopsy revealed non-caseous granulation and alveolitis. Precipitating antibodies and indirect fluorescent antibodies against Trichosporon cutaneum and Cryptococcus neoformans had positive reactions and T. cutaneum was isolated and identified from the patient's house. A diagnosis of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis was made according to the criteria advocated by Ando et al. This seemed to be a rare case of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis prolonged after isolation from his normal living environment, successfully treated by high-dose administration of steroid.

Adult↗