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Biomedical subjects

H Katayama

Publications and source records attributed to H Katayama.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Cystic lesions of the pancreas].

The number of the literature and classification of the cystic pancreatic diseases is increasing recently. We describe MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) findings of the cystic pancreatic diseases according to the clinical oriented classification. Intraductal papillary tumor, mucinous cystadenoma and serous cystadenoma showed characteristic MRCP findings. However small non-neoplastic true cysts are difficult to differentiate from cystic tumors even by MRCP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Initial experience with non-breath-hold magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: a new noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of choledochal cyst in children.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an emerging tool for the noninvasive evaluation of the pancreaticobiliary tree. METHODS: Non-breath-hold MRCP was used in three children to evaluate choledochal cyst; a first for this new modality of diagnostic imaging. In all cases, the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, and the pancreatic duct were clearly visualized. RESULTS: Two cases were found to have a fusiform choledochal cyst, and non-breath-hold MRCP demonstrated pancreaticobiliary malunion and a long common channel. In the remaining case, the size and location of the huge cyst prevented visualization of any pancreaticobiliary malunion. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in this patient failed to provide any additional information. All patients underwent cyst excision with hepaticoenterostomy, and made an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial experience suggests that non-breath-hold MRCP is a reliable method for the diagnosis of choledochal cyst in children and could replace ERCP.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1997

Antitumor agents. 180. Chemical Studies and cytotoxic evaluation of cumingianosides and cumindysoside A, antileukemic triterpene glucosides with a 14,18-cycloapotirucallane skeleton.

Treatment of cumingianosides and cumindysoside A, which possess a 14,18-cycloapotirucallane skeleton, with p-toluenesulfonic acid in CH2Cl2 yielded new triterpene glucosides. Cumingianoside A (1) gave 10 and 11, along with cumingianoside Q (5). The structures of 10 and 11 were determined on the basis of spectral examination and contained a dammar-13(17)-ene and a 17(R),23(R)-epoxydammarane skeleton, respectively. Cumingianoside C (2) afforded, together with cumingianoside P (6), products 12 and 13, which were similar to 10 and 11, respectively. With a short reaction time at room temperature, cumingianoside E (3) yielded cumingianoside D (4). In contrast, when 3 was treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid in CH2Cl2 overnight at 5 degrees C, it gave two products, 9 and 14. Extensive spectroscopic examination revealed that 9 possessed a dammar-12-ene skeleton, while 14 was a pentacyclic tetranortriterpene glucoside with a novel skeleton. Cumindysoside A (8) gave a product (15) similar to 14. The cytotoxicities of 9-15 were evaluated against a panel of 58 human tumor cell lines. Compounds 11-15 exhibited potent cytotoxicity with log GI50 values ranging from -7.11 to -4.94, especially against leukemia and colon-tumor cell lines.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1997

Modified Method for Competitive Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for Rapid and Automated Quantitation of Messenger RNA in Multiple Samples.

Background: Competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been used increasingly to quantitate messenger RNA (mRNA) levels; however, conventional competitive RT-PCR methods require four or five reactions per sample of RNA, employing serial dilutions of an internal competitor sequence, making analysis of multiple samples of tedious process. A modified method is described by which multiple samples and multiple RNA transcripts can be analyzed easily by an automated process. Methods and Results: Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) mRNA was assayed in total RNA extracted from cultured human skin fibroblasts. A standard solution of total RNA was first prepared by pooling RNA from several cell lines and stored in aliquots. A 270-bp competitor RNA molecule (RNA mimic) was prepared by in vitro transcription and was added to each reaction. PCR was performed with a fluorescent dye (Hex; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA)-labeled sense primer to amplify a 161-bp-long c DNA product of target TGF-beta-1 mRNA sequence and the RNA mimic. The PCR products were analyzed with an automated laser-scanned gel electrophoresis system and the area under the curve (AUC) was used for quantitation. The concentration TGF-beta-1 mRNA in standard RNA was determined by conventional competitive RT-PCR. Subsequently, equal amounts of RNA mimic were mixed with four serial dilutions of standard RNA and 0.1 µg of sample total RNA for RT-PCR. A standard curve was generated using the known dilutions of a standard target RNA solution and ratio of AUC for target to that for mimic for each dilution. The unknown sample was then quantitated by interpolation of its area under the curve ratio on the standard curve. This method had inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation of less than 10%. Conclusions: This modification is highly reproducible for quantitation of mRNA and significantly reduces the number of PCR reactions required for each assay. It can be used to assay several RNA molecules in a given sample by designing RNA mimics and PCR primers to generate PCR products of different lengths so that they can be analyzed by the laser scanning of a single lane of electrophoretic gel.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Airway responsiveness in transgenic mice overexpressing platelet-activating factor receptor. Roles of thromboxanes and leukotrienes.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent proinflammatory compound potentially involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, including bronchial asthma. To elucidate the pathophysiologic roles of PAF in bronchial asthma, we studied airway responsiveness in transgenic mice overexpressing PAF receptor. In the transgenic mice, PAF-induced airway smooth muscle contraction was demonstrated by physiologic and morphometric analyses, whereas there was no significant response in the littermate control group. The PAF-elicited bronchoconstriction in the transgenic mice was significantly reduced not only by a PAF receptor antagonist (WEB-2086) but also by a thromboxane synthesis inhibitor (indomethacin or ozagrel), an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (MK-886), or a cysteinyl leukotriene (LT) antagonist (pranlukast). LTB4 receptor antagonist (ONO-4057), however, had no effect on the PAF-induced responses. The transgenic mice showed a bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine challenge, which was also inhibited by pretreatment with either thromboxane synthesis inhibitor or cysteinyl LT antagonist. These observations suggest that both thromboxane A2 and cysteinyl LTs (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are involved in the bronchial responses to PAF or cholinergic stimulus in mice. The transgenic mice overexpressing PAF receptor may provide an appropriate model to study various PAF-related lung diseases, including bronchial asthma.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the dnaA gene of Staphylococcus aureus.

The dnaA gene of Staphylococcus aureus has now been cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of Staphylococcus aureus DnaA protein is 62% and 39% identical to those of the DnaA protein from Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, respectively. Expression of the dnaA gene of Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli caused lethality in an oriC-dependent manner.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

[Swallowing rehabilitation in an elderly patient with Wallenberg's syndrome--role of videofluorography and the swallowing provocation test].

A 65-year-old man was admitted to our department due to severe dysphagia, dysarthria, and aspiration pneumonia. Dysphagia and dysarthria were caused by lateral medullary infarction (Wallenberg' s syndrome). After the patient recovered from pneumonia, the abnormality of swallowing was assessed by a swallowing provocation test and videofluorography. Two months after the start of swallowing training, a swallowing provocation test showed that the swallowing reflex had improved and videofluorography showed that the magnitude of aspiration to the trachea had decreased. The patient began taking food by mouth. These tests are useful for quantitative assessment of dysphagia and for deciding when to start oral intake in elderly patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Two elderly patients with Rhabdomyolysis and respiratory infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae].

Rhabdomyolysis is not common in the elderly. Two elderly patients with rhabdomyolysis and respiratory infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. The first patient was a 71-year-old woman with bronchiectasis who admitted to our hospital due to pneumonia. The second patient was an 84-year-old man who was admitted because of appetite loss, fever, and a cough producing of yellowish sputum. In both patients, sputum cultures were positive for S. pneumoniae, but blood cultures were not. The serum creatine kinase levels peaked on the day of admission at levels ten to thirty times higher than fold above the upper limit of normal; the serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were 1.5 times higher than the upper limit of normal. The creatine kinase levels returned to normal 5 to 7 days after admission, treated with antibiotics and recovered from pneumonia. The cases of these two patients, along with those described in previous reports of rhabdomyolysis associated with pneumococcal pneumonia indicate that measuring the serum creatine kinase level is important in detecting rhabdomyolysis, especially in elderly patients with respiratory infection caused by S. pneumoniae, and detection may help to prevent renal failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Mollaret meningitis associated with a high level of cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid].

A 70-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of recurrent fever, which had begun in October 1994. The patient had 5 to 7 days without fever, and then 2 to 3 days of fever. He had headaches during the febrile periods. On admission, he had abnormal pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and celebellar signs, and nuchal rigidity during the febrile period. However, these neurological abnormalities were completely absent during the afebrile period. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed pleocytosis of mononuclear cells. During the febrile period, pleocytosis was associated with high levels of IgG, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and PGE2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. Administration of indomethacin prevented the fever, which suggests that abnormal production of cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid contributes to fever in Mollaret meningitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Duration of effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Pulmonary rehabilitation has been reported to be effective in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To investigate the effect of a moderate period of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in elderly patients with COPD, we instituted pulmonary rehabilitation for 60 weeks in five elderly patients (age: 65.4 +/- 3.7 SE years). IMT was performed for 15 min twice daily using a pressure threshold device. The inspiratory threshold was set at 15% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) of each individual. Maximal peak flow significantly increased from 3.0 +/- 0.6 (L/s) at baseline to 4.1 +/- 0.7 (L/s) after 12 weeks (p < 0.02) and was maintained at that level for 60 weeks. PImax increased significantly from 49.9 +/- 6.4 cmH2O at baseline to 67.3 +/- 3.0 cmH2O after 12 weeks (p < 0.05) and to 72.8 +/- 3.5 cmH2O (p < 0.02) after 60 weeks of rehabilitation. The 10-minute walking distance increased from 666.6 +/- 55.0 to 764.0 +/- 49.9 m (p < 0.05) after 12 weeks and was maintained at the same level. We conclude that pulmonary rehabilitation combined with IMT improves pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength in elderly patients with COPD between for 12 weeks after commencement, but occurs that no significant increase on lung function or 10-minute walking distance from 12 to 60 weeks. Respiratory muscle strength may further increase after 60 weeks.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

[The effects of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

It has been suggested that pulmonary rehabilitation compined with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) might improve pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To test this hypothesis, inspiratory muscle strength (PImax), expiratory muscle strength (PEmax) and resting pulmonary function were measured in 13 elderly patients with COPD (aged 70.3 +/- 2.7 years). Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) was performed for 15 min twice a day, using a pressure threshold device, for a total of 12 weeks. The inspiratory threshold was set at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) for each individual. Pulmonary rehabilitation was performed for 12-h sessions over a 12-week period. Patients with COPD were assigned randomly to two groups: pulmonary rehabilitation combined with IMT (group A) (n = 7), and conventional pulmonary rehabilitation only (group B) (n = 6). Functional residual capacity (FRC) decreased significantly from 4.3 +/- 0.4 L at baseline to 3.9 +/- 0.4 L after rehabilitation (p < 0.01), Vp significantly increased from 4.6 +/- 0.8 L/sec at baseline to 5.1 +/- 0.7 L/sec after rehabilitation (p < 0.05) and the PImax increased significantly from 51.5 +/- 5.4 cmH2O at baseline to 80.9 +/- 7.0 cmH2O after rehabilitation (p < 0.02) in group A. However, these variables did not change in group B. There was no improvement in the 10-minutes walking distance of group A, but there was a significant increase in that of group B. It can be concluded that pulmonary rehabilitation combined with IMT improves pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength in elderly patients with COPD.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of environmental stimulation for 18 months and the related factors].

With the disinteglation of social ties in the community, the role of environmental stimulation as an important function in children's health has been recognized and social services to evaluate the environmental stimulation are important. The Evaluation of Environmental Stimulation (EES) is a questionnaire which directly evaluates the interaction between the child and caregiver, and its effectiveness as a support system. The purpose of this study is to clarify characteristics of the EES by using statistical analysis. The subjects were 388 children of about 18 months who came for the compulsory health examinations. Caregivers were asked to answer the questionnaire. The results are as follows; 1) Children at risk for physical, mental and social development scored low for the 'social stimulation' subscale and in total score. 2) Children at the risk of medical and social diagnosis got fewer points in 'independence' subscale, 'physical stimulation' subscale, and total score than children without risk. 3) By ANOVA statistics, risk for development and risk for medical and social diagnosis had interactions according to child's sex. These results show that EES is effective in finding the risk of environment for children and for development of prevention measures, and appears to be useful as a screening system for health social services.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis with esophageal cancer improved by target rotation irradiation: case report.

Etiology of esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis is still unknown but several accompanying diseases have been reported, for example, reflux esophagitis, esophageal cancer, diabetes mellitus and so on. We have experienced a case of esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis with cancer improved by radiation therapy. In this case, there were esophageal cancer in the cervical esophagus, with intramural spreading in whole esophagus. This case was delivered irradiation to the entire esophagus by target rotation method. After irradiation, intramural pseudodiverticula, intramural spreading and primary site of esophageal cancer were improved. This is an interest case report that esophageal intramural pseudodiverticula with cancer was disappeared by radiation therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Transfer of genes to human airway epithelial cells in vitro via DNA virus vectors].

Transfer of genes via DNA virus vectors to human airway epithelial cells is not fully understood. We tested the effects of multiplicities of infection (moi) and incubation time on the efficiency of gene transfer by adenovirus vectors and AAV vectors in cultures of human airway epithelial cells. The cells were exposed to Ad-CMV-lacZ or AAV-CMV-LacZ for 1 to 48 hours at different moi from 0.1 to 100. Efficiency of transduction was assessed as the percentage of cells that expressed LacZ, and was measured by using X-gal staining. A dose-dependent relationship was found between vector moi and the percentage of cells that expressed LacZ. For both vectors, gene expression was greater when incubation time was longer (up to 12 hours), which suggests that the uptake of vectors into the cells is not selective. Efficiency of transduction did not differ between adenovirus and AAV vectors at the same moi. These results suggest that (1) gene transfer via DNA virus vectors increases in a moi-dependent fashion, and that (2) gene expression of the DNA virus vector may be increased by prolonged exposure of the vector to human airway epithelial cells.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of inhaled anticholinergic drug on dyspnea and on the physiologic function of respiratory system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

The mechanism underlying the relief of the sensation of dyspnea during exercise following the inhalation of anticholinergic drug in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been fully elucidated. We examined pulmonary function, static respiratory pressure, and dyspneic sensations during exercise before and after the inhalation of oxitropium bromide (OTB) in 14 male patients with COPD. FEV1 and FVC were increased after the inhalation of OTB, whereas RV and the ratio of RV to TLC were decreased after inhalation. Maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) was significantly increased after the administration of OTB. Dyspneic sensation during exercise, measured as a Borg scale slope (BSS, delta BS/ delta Vo2) were reduced after the inhalation of OTB. There were significant correlations among BSS, PImax and RV/TLC. These results suggest that a reduction in air trapping after the inhalation of OTB may enhance the ability of the to diaphragm generate pressure at a given neural input, resulting in a reduced sensation of dyspnea during exercise in patients with COPD.

Administration, Inhalation↗