[The visionary proposals for Japanese radiology in new millennium].
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Forecasting↗
Biomedical subjects
H Katayama
Publications and source records attributed to H Katayama.
[Hepatocyte targeted MR contrast agent--Gd-BOPTA(E-7155)].
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Animals↗
Direct measurement of human lung cancerous and noncancerous tissues by fourier transform infrared microscopy: can an infrared microscope be used as a clinical tool?
We have analyzed very small amounts of human lung cancerous tissues directly by a Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FT-IR-MC). The corrected peak heights (H1045 and H1467) obtained from the bands at 1045 and 1467 cm(-1) due to glycogen and cholesterol were chosen for a quantitative evaluation of the malignancy. We found that the H1045/H1467 ratio is an exceptionally useful factor for discrimination of the cancerous tissues from the noncancerous tissues. If the H1045/H1467 ratio from the measured spectrum is larger than 1.4, we can say with confidence that the tissue contains squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma at least partially. Furthermore, we carried out the microscopic mapping of the tissues containing both cancerous and noncancerous sections, demonstrating that the color map reflects small changes in the spatial distribution of cancer cells in the tissues. The present method may also be applicable to analysis of other cancers, such as colorectal cancerous tissues in which glycogen level has a critical factor for their malignancy. In addition, since FT-IR-MC costs relatively little and does not require a special operator training for collecting and analyzing the spectra, it seems to be perhaps the apparatus best suited to clinical usage, especially in rather small hospitals.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Surfactants usable for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Surfactants suppress the electrospray ionization (ESI) of various compounds. Here we demonstrate that fluorinated surfactants such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOSA) could be employed for ESI-MS without a significant decrease in sensitivity. Both PFOA and PFOSA could be applied to the analysis of ionic and nonionic compounds by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC)/ESI-MS, although the migration window was limited. Furthermore, in HPLC/ESI-MS, PFOA could function as a paired ion for enzymatically digested peptides as well as sulfonamides and significant effects of PFOA on the signal peak shape, retention times, and sensitivity of the analytes were observed compared to those of trifluoroacetic acid or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In addition, PFOA was applied to protein analysis by ESI-MS, and superior sensitivity was noted, compared to other surfactants such as octylglucoside, dodecylglucoside, and SDS. Although 21% of the original signal was observed in the presence of 1% PFOA, this surfactant could be easily removed by evaporation, which resulted in the recovery of 96% of the original signal. Because these fluorinated surfactants could also be used for solubilization, extraction, and disaggregation of proteins, they should greatly expand the applicability of the ESI-MS to the biological problems of proteins.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Does diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging enable detection of early ischemic change following transient cerebral ischemia?
To examine the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging for detecting neuronal damage following ischemia, dynamic changes in diffusion-, T1- and T2-weighted images of rats subjected to 10 min of 4-vessel occlusion and of humans who had suffered 10-20 min of cardiac arrest were observed. In rats, no remarkable alteration was observed on day 1. On day 3, however, diffusion-weighted images showed high signal intensity in the hippocampal area, in which the apparent diffusion coefficient was significantly lower than that of the control (760+/-28x10(-6) mm(2)/s in control vs. 480+/-29x10(-6) mm(2)/s on day 3, P<0.0001). Histological observation revealed microvacuolation in 92+/-4% of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region. On day 7, the hyperintensity in diffusion-weighted images had disappeared and microvacuolation had also disappeared in the CA1 region, but severely disrupted pyramidal neurons containing pyknotic nuclei had appeared in the CA1 region instead. In humans, diffusion-weighted images did not show any apparent abnormality in the cerebral cortex on the day of resuscitation. On day 3, however, diffusion-weighted images consistently showed hyperintensities in the temporal or occipital cortex, and these hyperintensities had disappeared in images obtained on days 7 and 14. From day 14, T1-weighted images showed laminar hyperintensity, suggesting laminar necrosis, along the cortex, where diffusion-weighted images showed high signal intensity on day 3. These results suggested that diffusion-weighted imaging has a potential for detection of the occurrence of microvacuolation and is useful for detecting the progression of ischemic changes in humans following global ischemia.
Aged↗
Noninsecticidal parasporal proteins of a Bacillus thuringiensis serovar shandongiensis isolate exhibit a preferential cytotoxicity against human leukemic T cells.
A Bacillus thuringiensis isolate, 89-T-34-22, belonging to the serovar shandongiensis (H22) produced noninsecticidal and nonhemolytic proteins crystallizing into irregular-shaped parasporal inclusions. The proteins showed in vitro cytotoxicity to human cells, including cancer cells, only when activated by protease treatment. The human leukemic T (MOLT-4) cells were > 100 times more susceptible than HeLa and normal T cells to the proteins of 89-T-34-22. The cytotoxicity was dose dependent and the median effective concentration for the MOLT-4 was 3.5 microg/ml. The cytopathy induced by the 89-T-34-22 proteins was characterized by remarkable condensation of the nucleus and cell-ballooning. Five major parasporal proteins of 89-T-34-22, with molecular masses in the range of 16-160 kDa, shared no similarity with the previously reported proteins in terms of the N-terminal sequence.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Enantiomeric separation by capillary electrophoresis with an electroosmotic flow-controlled capillary.
Perfect control of electroosmotic flow (EOF) was achieved by dovetailing successive multiple ionic-polymer layer (SMIL) coated capillaries. The direction and magnitude of the EOF was perfectly controllable over the pH range 2-13. Zone diffusion was not observed, even if the inner wall of the dovetailed capillary was discontinuous, or if the sample zone passed through the connected part of the capillary because the RSDs of migration time, theoretical plates, symmetry factor and S/N of the marker were almost the same when seamless capillary and dovetailed capillary were compared. The dovetailed capillary was applied to cyclodextrin modified capillary zone electrophoresis. The control of the EOF enabled us to control both the resolution and the migration order of the enantiomers. The migration time was also controllable and, therefore, the best condition between separation and migration time could be determined by controlling the EOF. Partial filling affinity electrokinetic chromatography with a protein used as a chiral selector was also studied. The migration of the pseudostationary phase was controllable by EOF, and detection of the solute at 214 nm was possible. Therefore, the EOF-controlled dovetailed capillary has great potential to expand the application of the separation technique.
Electrophoresis, Capillary↗
Electrophoretic mobility-assisted identification of proteins by nanoelectrospray capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry under methanolic conditions.
A novel method for electrophoretic mobility-assisted identifications of proteins, using capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS) under methanolic conditions, was developed. The number of functional groups of the enzymatic digest peptides was estimated from a single run CE/MS analysis and utilized as an additional tag for database searching in addition to the mass map of the peptides. The additional amino acid information thus obtained can improve the confidence level of the protein identification. The database searching software algorithm ProFound was modified to accept the tag, based on this new concept. In this study, optimization of the CE/MS conditions for the estimation of basic functional groups was performed as an example. An accurate value of the number of such functional groups was obtained from CE characteristics when methanolic buffer (methanol/formic acid/water = 60:20:20) was used, via an excellent correlation (r = 0.997) between the number of functional groups of the peptides and [MW((2/3))]. The mass spectrometry sensitivity was also improved when using the methanolic buffer in comparison with that obtained using aqueous 1% formic acid buffer. The identification of a protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, was performed using the methanolic buffer in combination with sheathless nanoelectrospray CE/MS. A protein spot that had not been identified by MALDI-TOFMS and LC/MS/MS was successfully identified using this new method.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Usefulness of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements to predict the functional outcome for rehabilitation in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD).
PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to (1) elucidate the relationship between the mean CBF in the whole brain (Av.mCBF) before rehabilitation of CVD patients and the BI score before and after rehabilitation, (2) determine whether the efficacy of rehabilitation can be predicted by measurement of the Av.mCBF, and (3) investigate what part of the brain was most important to improving the BI score. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Av.mCBFs in 160 patients with CVD were calculated by Patlak plots with 99mTc-HMPAO before rehabilitation, and we determined the BI score before and after rehabilitation. Based on the BI scores before and after rehabilitation, patients were divided into four groups: Group A, BI = 100; Group B, 80 < or = BI < or = 99; Group C, 60 < or = BI < or = 79; Group D, 0 < or = BI < or = 59. We evaluated the relationship between the Av.mCBF and BI score before and after rehabilitation. RESULTS: The Av.mCBF before rehabilitation showed a tendency to be more correlated with the BI score after rehabilitation (r = 0.414, p < 0.0001) than before rehabilitation (r = 0.272, p = 0.0006). After rehabilitation, there was a tendency for the Av.mCBF value to increase in direct proportion to the BI score of the group: it was highest in Group A and lowest in Group D. The strongest correlation was found between the frontal lobe regional CBF before rehabilitation and the BI score after rehabilitation (r = 0.343, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of the Av.mCBF before rehabilitation of CVD patients will permit prediction of the efficacy of rehabilitation. Also the regional CBF of the frontal lobe is most important for improving the BI score.
Adolescent↗
Three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography of vascular lesions in children.
We applied three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography to vascular lesions in children and evaluated the clinical usefulness of this technique. Ten patients, whose ages ranged from 1 month to 16 years, underwent 3D MR angiography for 12 vascular lesions, including lesions in seven pulmonary arteries, two thoracic aortae, a pair of renal arteries, and one iliac artery. Three-dimensional MR angiography was performed with body-or pelvic-phased array coils on a 1.5-T scanner using fast spoiled gradient echo sequence. Data were acquired with the following parameters: TE, 1.9 ms; TR, 10.1 ms; flip angle, 20-60 degrees ; 1 or 2 NEX; field of view, 24-48 x 18-40 cm; matrix, 256 or 512 x 128 or 256; slice thickness, 1.2-7.5 mm; and 12, 28, or 60 partitions. Vascular imaging was enhanced with 20% gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. The examination was performed under breath-holding in six patients and with shallow breathing in four patients. In a comparative study with other noninvasive methods, 3D MR angiography was superior in seven of nine cases to other noninvasive examinations and in two cases, all methods evaluated the lesions. Furthermore, six cases were compared with conventional angiography. In five of the six cases, both methods depicted the lesions similarly, and in one case, MR angiography was more effective. A quantitative comparison of vascular diameter in the MR image was made with that in the conventional angiographic image. The correlation between them was excellent: y = 1.145x-2.090 (r = 0.987; P < 0.0001), where x is the diameter in the conventional angiographic images, y is the diameter in the MR images, and r is the correlation coefficient. In conclusion, 3D MR angiography is useful for depicting peripheral vascular lesions in children.
Adolescent↗
Uptake of phthalate esters, di(n-butyl)phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, as environmental chemicals in monkeys in Japan.
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Animals↗
In vitro and in vivo delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides using lipofection: application of antisense technique to growth suppression of experimental glioma.
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Animals↗
Partial characterization of vitellin and localization of vitellogenin production in the terrestrial isopod, Armadillidium vulgare.
Vitellins were purified separately from ovaries and eggs of the isopod, Armadillidium vulgare. Ovarian vitellin consisted of at least six proteins with relative molecular masses of 205, 200, 185, 180, 122 and 112 kDa. The larger four proteins disappeared in eggs within a week after oviposition and a 59-kDa protein appeared thereafter. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences of these vitellin proteins were identical except for the ovarian 112 kDa, egg 112 kDa and 59 kDa proteins, and showed considerable similarity to those of known vitellogenins from other animals. Comparison of tryptic peptide maps of the 122 and 112 kDa proteins from eggs on reversed-phase HPLC and sequence identification of two randomly selected peaks having the same retention times indicated that two peptides were mostly similar in sequence. PCR-assisted cloning of the 5' region of a cDNA (591 bp) encoding vitellogenin revealed the presence of a signal peptide consisting of 16 amino acid residues and clarified the structural relationship among the protein components except for the ovarian 112 kDa and the egg 59 kDa proteins. Northern blot analysis revealed that the fat body is the main vitellogenin producing organ.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of ursodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfates in human urine.
Sulfation of the 3-hydroxy group is assumed to be a major metabolic route of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) which is used for treating various hepatobiliary diseases. We have developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining the total amount of nonamidated, glycine- and taurine-amidated ursodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfates (UDCA 3-Suls) using a newly established monoclonal antibody. In this study, 12 kinds of antibody-secreting hybridoma clones were generated by a fusion experiment between P3/NS1/1-Ag4-1 myeloma cells and the spleen cells from a BALB/c or an A/J mouse which had been immunized with a conjugate of nonamidated UDCA 3-Sul and bovine serum albumin. One of the monoclonal antibodies, Ba-10 (gamma2a, kappa), had suitable binding properties for clinical application, which was group-specific to the UDCA 3-Suls, and showed negligible cross-reactivities with various related bile acids including potentially interfering compounds, namely, the unconjugated UDCA, UDCA 7-N-acetylglucosaminide, the 3-sulfates of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid. The antibody Ba-10 allowed us to develop a sensitive competitive ELISA system whose measurable range was approximately 2-200 pg per assay. A serial dilution study indicated that the ELISA enables the direct measurement of the UDCA 3-Suls in human urine before and after the administration of exogenous UDCA. The daily urinary excretion rate of UDCA 3-Suls from healthy male volunteers (n = 5) was determined to be a mean of 131 +/- 61.2 (SD) microgram as the nonamidated UDCA 3-Sul equivalent.
Animals↗
Involvement of cyclic AMP - PKA pathway in VIP-induced, charybdotoxin-sensitive relaxation of longitudinal muscle of the distal colon of Wistar-ST rats.
The intracellular mechanism of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-induced, charybdotoxin (ChTx)-sensitive relaxation of longitudinal muscle of the distal colon of Wistar-ST rats was studied. A single pulse or 100 pulses at 10 Hz of electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced rapid transient relaxation or that with a subsequent contraction of the longitudinal muscle in the presence of atropine and guanethidine, respectively. Rp-8 bromo cAMPS, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA), at 30 microM inhibited the relaxations induced by EFS with a single or 100 pulses maximally by about 80 or 60%, respectively. It also inhibited VIP (300 nM)-induced relaxation by 82%. VIP (100 nM - 1 microM) increased the cyclic AMP content of longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus preparations obtained from the distal colon. ChTx at 100 nM almost completely inhibited 8 bromo cyclic AMP-induced relaxation of the distal segments. EFS with two or three pulses at 10 Hz induced inhibitory junction potentials consisting of two phases, rapid and subsequent slow hyperpolarization in the membrane potential of longitudinal smooth muscle cells. Rp-cAMPS, another inhibitor of PKA, inhibited the delayed slow hyperpolarization. It also inhibited the exogenously added VIP-induced hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. Thus, the present study suggests that activation of PKA via activation of VIP receptors is associated with activation of ChTx-sensitive K(+) channels in relaxation of longitudinal muscle of the distal colon of Wistar-ST rats. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 129, 140 - 146
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
Hypotonic duodenograms of postbulbar duodenal lesions: pictorial essay.
General features are described and examples are provided of the radiological manifestations of postbulbar duodenal lesions, particularly the findings on hypotonic duodenograms. Hypotonic duodenography does not always reveal the characteristic findings of postbulbar duodenal lesions, but it helps to evaluate luminal stenosis and diagnose disease entities even in lesions that show non-specific findings. Radiologists should be familiar with the radiological findings of postbulbar duodenal lesions and know which kinds of lesions can affect the postbulbar duodenum. This is important in making a differential diagnosis and in preventing delays in diagnosis.
Administration, Oral↗
The influences of family environment on personality traits.
In order to clarify the influences of family environment on the development of personality traits, 150 children (104 males and 46 females, mean age 13.2 +/- 2.4 years) who had been interviewed at the Child Guidance Clinic in Osaka were investigated. From 13 behavioral characteristics (activity, talkativeness, sociability, social skills, rule-keeping, will, aggression, emotional control, imagination, anxiety, maturity, intelligence, and neuroticism), factor analysis identified three personality traits: extraversion, maturity, and intellect. The effects of family environment (maternal and paternal participation in child rearing before and after 4years of age, child-rearing style, parental relationship, sibling relationship, number of siblings, birth order, and socioeconomic status) on these personality traits were examined based on a structural equation model. The results found, first, that extraversion was negatively associated with overprotection/interference and with maternal participation in child rearing. Maturity correlated with high socioeconomic status, appropriate child-rearing style, and paternal participation in child rearing. Intellect was related to high socioeconomic status and maternal participation in child rearing. Second, path analysis with selected variables revealed that 8% of variance in extraversion, 14% in maturity, and 10% in intellect was due to family environment. Third, children with high introversion or high intellect had stronger influences from family environment than did those with high extraversion or low intellect.
Adolescent↗
Leukemia inhibitory factor induces epidermal hyperplasia in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
We investigated the biochemical and morphologic alteration in skin of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. We found an obvious high expression of leukemia inhibitory factor and distinct epidermal hyperplasia in the skin of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients compared with disease controls. The thickness and cell density, as well as the leukemia inhibitory factor immunostain density, of the epidermis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients correlated positively with duration of illness. The striking fact was the significant epidermal hyperplasia correlating with leukemia inhibitory factor expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). In vitro experiments revealed that leukemia inhibitory factor stimulated keratinocyte proliferation in primary keratinocyte culture and induced epidermal hyperplasia in skin organ culture. These findings lead to the hypothesis that a high expression of leukemia inhibitory factor is closely associated with epidermal hyperplasia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.
Adult↗