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Biomedical subjects

H Kanno

Publications and source records attributed to H Kanno.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Laparoscopic surgery assisted by a transvaginal approach.

We used laparoscopic surgery assisted by a transvaginal approach for gastrointestinal diseases. In the first case, a huge submucosal tumor enucleated laparoscopically from the minor curvature of the stomach was extracted through the vagina. In the second case, partial resection of the rectum to treat rectal endometriosis was performed laparoscopically with the assistance of manual handling inserted transvaginally. Although it can be applied only to female patients, especially to multipara, the vagina as an access point to the abdominal cavity can be widely used for various purposes in laparoscopic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Delayed onset of hemolytic anemia in CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice with a point mutation of the gene encoding red blood cell type pyruvate kinase.

The Pk-1slc gene encodes a mutant red blood cell (RBC) type pyruvate kinase (PK), and adult CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice show a severe nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. However, the number of RBCs and the proportion of reticulocytes were comparable between neonatal CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice and control -+/+ mice. Since the age-dependent increase of RBCs was much greater in CBA-+/+ mice than in CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice, significant anemia was observed in the latter mice on day 14 after birth. The increase of RBCs in CBA-+/+ mice was due to the prolongation of their survival time. The half life of RBCs increased in CBA-+/+ mice with ages, but it decreased in CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice. The relatively longer half life of RBCs in neonatal CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice appeared to be due to the delayed switching from M2-type PK that are expressed by undifferentiated erythroid precursor cells to RBC-type PK that are expressed by mature RBCs.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1998

Large-vessel arteritis associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.

This report describes an autopsy case of large-vessel arteritis associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in a 10-year-old Japanese girl. All of the 3 main coronary arteries, bilateral common carotid and subclavian arteries, abdominal aorta and its major branches, and bilateral common iliac arteries were involved, and all showed aneurysmal dilation of the lumens. Histopathologic examination revealed mesoarteritis characterized by moth-eaten-appearing destruction of the medial elastic laminae, with T lymphocyte infiltration around the vasa vasorum and severe intimal thickening. The EBV DNA genome was detected in the diseased aortic tissue by polymerase chain reaction, and in the infiltrating lymphocytes by in situ hybridization. The clinical symptoms and histopathologic manifestations of the arterial lesions in this patient were obviously different from those of Kawasaki disease and Takayasu arteritis, and the arteritis was considered to be associated with the EBV infection.

Arteries↗
PubMed1998

Expression and enzymatic characterization of human glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) variants accounting for GPI deficiency.

To elucidate the structure-function relationships in glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), we established an expression system for human GPI as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST) in E. coli. The GST-GPI fusion protein showed affinities for the substrates glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) similar to those of the native enzyme purified from human red blood cells (RBC). We expressed GPI cDNAs with four distinct disease-causing mutations and examined their enzymatic characteristics. Although each mutation caused reduced thermal stability, an amino acid substitution Thr-5-->Ile (T5I) exhibited marked thermal instability, suggesting that the amino-terminal of GPI is important for enzymatic stability. Thr-224 seemed not to be an essential residue, since the amino acid substitution Thr-224-->Met (T224M) showed normal substrate affinity in spite of a slight decrease in both specific activity and thermostability. Gln-343 and Asp-539 have been shown to be in close proximity to the putative catalytic sites, and the present study showed that both Gln-343-->Arg (Q343R) and Asp-539-->Asn (D539N) caused impaired substrate affinity; Q343R showed high Km for both G6P and F6P, whereas D539N showed significantly decreased affinity only for F6P. These results suggest that not only reduced enzymatic stability but also impaired kinetics may disturb RBC metabolism of the GPI variants associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Viability and function of human sperm in electrolyte-free cold preservation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the viability and function of human sperm in electrolyte-free cold preservation. DESIGN: Prospective comparative study. SETTING: Andrology laboratory of our hospital. PATIENT(S): Ten semen samples obtained from patients attending our infertility clinic. INTERVENTION(S): Ejaculated sperm were washed using the electrolyte-free Percoll gradient and were then preserved in 0.33 M glucose solution, 0.16 M NaCl solution, 0.16 M KCl solution at 4 degrees C for 4 weeks. As a control, TEST (TES and Tris) yolk buffer (TYB) was added to the ejaculated semen and preserved at 4 degrees C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sperm tail morphology, motility, viability (eosin-Y stain), and the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were analyzed. RESULT(S): The number of sperm with normal tail form and the motility of sperm preserved in glucose solution (electrolyte-free cold preservation) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher for 4 weeks than those of sperm preserved in the other three media. The sperm viability in glucose solution was 75.5%, 65.4%, and 51.3%, after 1, 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. The ATP concentration after 1, 2, and 4 weeks remained 64.2%, 53.0%, and 4.3% of the prestorage value, respectively, in the sperm stored in glucose solution. CONCLUSION(S): The morphology, motility, viability, and ATP concentration of sperm in electrolyte-free cold preservation were substantially better than those in NaCl solution, KCl solution, or TYB for 2 weeks.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1998

Appearance of a different clone of Epstein-Barr virus genome in recurrent tumor of pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) and a mini-review of PAL.

A case of pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is reported. A 76-year-old Japanese man developed a lymphoma in the pleural cavity after 46 years duration of pyothorax due to pulmonary tuberculosis. The histologic diagnosis of biopsy specimen was diffuse large cell lymphoma of B cell type. The lymphoma cells contained the monoclonal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) determined by the analysis of terminal repeat of EBV genome and expressed EBV nuclear antigen 2 and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). He received antineoplastic chemotherapy and was induced to complete remission (CR). After 19 months of CR, the lymphoma developed again in the thoracic wall. Histopathology and immunohistochemical phenotypes of recurrent tumor were almost the same as those of the primary tumor with the exception of a little more frequent expression of LMP1. The EBV genome in lymphoma cells was monoclonal, however, the clone was different from that of the primary tumor. After antineoplastic chemotherapy, minor EBV-positive clones in primary lymphoma might survive and develop into recurrent tumor. These results suggest that the PAL starts as poly- or oligoclonal proliferation of B lineage cells. This poly- or oligoclonality of PAL at the initial stage may suggest underlying immunosuppressive conditions in the development of PAL.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of Mini Mental State Examination and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale on aged schizophrenic patients.

Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and subscales of the BPRS were performed on 73 elderly inpatients (mean age: 67.9 years; standard deviation: 7.2; range: 60-89) diagnosed with DSM-III-R chronic schizophrenia. Forty of the subjects were men and 33 were women. A significant negative correlation was observed between MMSE and the age, factor negative, factor depressive, and total score of BPRS. We believe, however, that it is relatively sufficient to screen for demented illness of schizophrenics using MMSE when considering the age and the psychiatric symptoms (especially negative or depressive symptoms ). Forty-eight (66%) of the 73 patients were categorized as 'demented' by MMSE. These results suggest that the aged inpatients with schizophrenia in a hospital showed certain kinds of cognitive deficits (including senile dementia) more frequently than the general population.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

p53 gene mutation in 150 dissected lymph nodes in a patient with esophageal cancer.

For thoracic esophageal cancer, we perform extended three field lymph node dissection, and have achieved nearly 50% of overall 5-year survival. However, patients sometimes develop lymph node recurrences in spite of having no lymph node metastases found by conventional histopathologic examination. In a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, we sequenced all the p53 cDNA translated regions (exon 2-10) of primary carcinoma, and confirmed one p53 nonsense mutation in exon 10. Then we extracted genomic DNA from 150 surgically dissected lymph nodes from that patient, and performed polymerase chain reaction analysis (PCR-RFLP) to detect the same p53 mutation in the lymph nodes. PCR-RFLP analysis showed the same p53 mutation in six lymph nodes. One node was located along the right recurrent laryngeal nerve, where no positive nodes was identified by conventional histopathologic examination. The p53 mutational diagnosis of metastatic cancer may be useful in detecting minimal residual disease.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1998

Mechanism for the development of pyothorax-associated lymphoma.

Malignant lymphomas frequently develop in the pleural cavity of patients with long-standing pyothorax. Thus, the term pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) has been proposed for this type of tumor. Most PAL are of the type diffuse lymphoma of B cell and contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. This article reviews the mechanism for the development of PAL. The possible contribution of EBV infection, inflammatory cytokines and other genetic lesions, including the p53 gene, towards the growth advantage of neoplastic cells is described. Although the presence of EBV is focused in PAL cells, the contribution of EBV-mediated growth promotion in PAL is limited. Another important characteristic of PAL is that the virus antigen-positive lymphoma develops in patients with pyothorax, in whom the systemic immunodeficiency is unlikely to be present. Therefore, in the course of the development of PAL, the mechanism for the evading host immune surveillance must be obvious. In this context, the production of an immunosuppressive cytokine from PAL cells, human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class I alleles of patients with PAL, and the mutations of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes in an EBV-latent antigen are described. These mechanisms could be involved in the development of PAL, an EBV-positive lymphoma developing in an immunocompetent host, and also shed light on the tumorigenesis of other EBV-positive neoplasms and on the lymphomagenesis of other inflammatory lesions.

Cytokines↗
PubMed1998

Indication for carotid endarterectomy.

From recent randomized studies, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is highly beneficial to the patients with a symptomatic high-grade carotid artery stenosis (70-99%), but the surgical indication for an asymptomatic carotid artery disease remains unsolved. Sixty-three atheromatous plaques (symptomatic 51, asymptomatic 12) were obtained from 57 patients who underwent CEA. The presence of an intraplaque hemorrhage was noted in 75% from symptomatic plaques, compared with 33% from asymptomatic ones. A plaque disruption occurred over protruding mounds of intraplaque hemorrhage and was noted in 76% and 42% from symptomatic and asymptomatic ones, respectively. However, asymptomatic plaques, which were angiographically demonstrated as carotid ulcer of types B and C, had a high incidence of intraplaque hemorrhage as well as plaque disruption. Three patients followed with asymptomatic contralateral carotid artery disease developed a stroke following ipsilateral revascularization and all three specimens showed the presence of plaque hemorrhage and disruption. It is concluded that before prophylactic CEA is considered, an intraplaque hemorrhage and/or plaque disruption should be detected by less invasive procedures such as ultrasonography.

Carotid Stenosis↗
PubMed1998

[Experimental studies of the protective effect of deferoxamine mesilate on cisplatin induced toxicity].

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an antitumor agent against several types of neoplasms. It has, however, various side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Several efforts have been made to prevent these toxic side effects. On the other hand, deferoxiamine mesilate (DFO), an iron-chelating agent, has been used for iron-overloaded patients. Since the 1980s, many authors have reported DFO-associated hearing impairment. Some experimental data suggest that DFO itself was responsible for ototoxicity. In addition, it has also been recognized that DFO can act as a free radical scavenger. Experimental trials using DFO are also expected to prevent CDDP-induced toxicity because its generation mechanism is thought to be associated with free radical formation. The present study was planned to investigate whether DFO, which might be an ototoxic agent, had a protective effect against various CDDP-induced toxicities including ototoxicity. Fisher rats were used in this study and were divided into four groups: 1) Group I, a vehicle control, 2) Group II, animals receiving 100 mg of DFO per kg, 3) Group III, animals administered 0.9 mg of CDDP per kg alone and 4) Group IV, animals receiving 100 mg of DFO per kg 60 min before 0.9 mg of CDDP per kg for 10 days. First, the protective effect of DFO against CDDP-induced ototoxicity was studied. The auditory threshold was determined by using the compound action potential (CAP) from the round window membrane. CAPs were recorded on the 5th day after completion of drug administration. Then CAPs recording, cochlear sensory epithelia were observed over all the turns of the cochlea by scanning electron microscopy. There were no significant differences in CAP thresholds between Group I and IV, though the thresholds in Group III were significantly higher at 16 kHz and 20 kHz than those in Group IV. The rate of missing outer hair cells in Group IV was significantly lower than that in Group III. The results clearly demonstrated that DFO had a protective effect against CDDP-induced ototoxicity. Second, the protective effect of DFO against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity was studied. Renal function was evaluated by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) levels. Both BUN and Cr levels in Group IV were significantly lower than those in Group III. The data suggested that DFO preadministration prevented CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. Third, the influence of DFO on the antitumor activity of CDDP was investigated in rats inoculated with squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC-131) subcutaneously. The influence of drugs was determined by measuring the tumor growth rate. There was no difference in the tumor growth rate between Group III and IV. The result revealed that DFO had no influence on CDDP antitumor activity. In conclusion, the above results demonstrating that DFO preadministration can prevent both CDDP-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity without attenuation of CDDP antitumor activity, suggest the usefulness of CDDP antitumor chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[An experimental study of ototoxicity induced by deferoxamine mesilate].

We investigated the possibility of ototoxicity induced by deferoxamine mesilate (DFO). DFO was administered to guinea pigs intraperitoneally at 200 or 400 mg/kg body weight/day, 6 days/week for 5 weeks, or 600 mg/kg body weight/day, 6 days/week for 4 weeks. Physiological saline instead of DFO was given to animals as a control. After the course of administration was completed, we measured the threshold of the compound action potential (CAP) and the endocochlear potential (EP). We also examined the cochlear histology by scanning electron microscopy. The CAP threshold of animals treated with 200 or 400 mg of DFO per kg was not elevated. In the animals treated with 600 mg/kg , however, the CAP threshold was clearly elevated when compared with that of control animals. The EP values of animals treated with 200 or 400 mg of DFO per kg were comparable to those of control animals. In some animals treated with 600 mg of DFO per kg, however, the EP values were decreased. Histological examination revealed that the outer hair cells of the cochlea were missing. DFO presumably acts on hair cells, resulting in elevation of the CAP threshold. We concluded that hair cell damage is one of the contributing factors to CAP threshold elevation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1998

Thoracoscopic parasternal lymph node dissection for the staging of breast cancer.

With the advent of advanced thoracoscopic techniques, new applications have been expanding their roles in thoracic surgery. The aim of this paper is to introduce our new thoracoscopic approach in performing parasternal lymph node dissection of advanced breast cancer for its staging. This technique does not need the removal of any costal cartilage which is usually done in the conventional classical technique after radical mastectomy. Thoracoscopic procedure, in which wide and complete parasternal lymph node dissection is done, is minimally invasive and easy to perform. Therefore, the thoracoscopic technique may be a suitable alternative to the conventional approach in the future.

Journal Article↗