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H Kanno

Publications and source records attributed to H Kanno.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Identical point mutations of the R-type pyruvate kinase (PK) cDNA found in unrelated PK variants associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia.

We cloned and sequenced the cDNAs for R-type pyruvate kinase (R-PK) from three homozygous PK patients. A point mutation (1151ACG to ATG) identified in the R-PK cDNA of PK Nagasaki was identical with that previously identified in an unrelated family, PK Tokyo. The mutation has also been identified in the PK L gene of a Lebanese family, PK Beirut, by Neubauer et al (Blood 77:1871, 1991). These results suggest either that the point mutation is very old or that the same mutation occurs sporadically in the same hot spot in unrelated families. A point mutation, 1261CAG to AAG, was detected in both PK Fukushima and PK Maebashi; this mutation causes a single amino acid substitution, from Gln421 to Lys, in R-PK. Consequently, the hydrophobicity properties near the mutated site are drastically changed. A silent mutation (1705AGG to CGG) was also identified in those variants. The screening of these three point mutations showed only the silent mutation in a normal individual as well as in individuals with PK variants. These results indicate that the multiplicity of the mutant PK allele is smaller than expected, and that the silent mutation is a polymorphic change commonly distributed in the Japanese population.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital↗
PubMed1992

Control of drug release with a combination of prodrug and polymer matrix: antitumor activity and release profiles of 2',3'-diacyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres.

Drug release was controlled by a combination of prodrug and polymer matrix. Prodrugs of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine with different physicochemical properties were synthesized by esterification with aliphatic acids (propionate, n-butyrate, and n-pentanoate). Microspheres containing these ester prodrugs were prepared with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) of three molecular weights (65,000, 135,000, and 450,000). The release rates from the spheres depended on both the lipophilicity of the prodrug and the molecular weight of the polymer. Regardless of the polymer, the relative release rates were propionate greater than butyrate greater than pentanoate. The release of butyrate and pentanoate from the spheres consisting of low-molecular-weight polymer (M(r), 65,000) was faster than that from the spheres of higher molecular weight (M(r), 135,000 or 450,000). A single intraperitoneal injection of spheres of the highest molecular weight polymer containing butyrate or pentanoate resulted in higher antitumor effects against P388 leukemia in mice than did free prodrugs given over a period of five consecutive days. The polymer sphere itself showed low toxicity to and good biocompatibility with mice and rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Molecular abnormality of a Japanese glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant (G6PD Tokyo) associated with hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia.

The entire coding sequence of a Japanese class 1 variant (G6PD Tokyo) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA. Nucleotide analysis by a direct sequencing technique revealed a unique nucleotide substitution (1246 G to A) in exon 10, which predicts a Glu to Lys substitution at the 416th amino acid. This is another member of a conspicuous mutation cluster surrounding the putative NADP-binding domain.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1992

A single nucleotide substitution in the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)-1 gene occurred after the separation of PGK-1 and PGK-2.

The mammalian genome contains two functional loci for the production of phosphoglycerate kinase, PGK-1, an X-linked gene expressed in all somatic cells, and PGK-2, an autosomal intron-less gene expressed exclusively in late spermatogenesis. A nucleotide substitution from guanine to thymine was recently found at position 473 of PGK-1 mRNA in PGK Shizuoka. The mutation was not found in the PGK-2 gene and might have occurred after separation of PGK-1 and PGK-2.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous development of pancreatitis in the MRL/Mp strain of mice in autoimmune mechanism.

MRL/Mp mice are known to have autoimmune disease-prone genetic background, which contributes to the development of a lethal autoimmune disease at an early age in association with the lymphoproliferative gene, lpr. In this study, we found that MRL/Mp mice, not bearing lpr (MRL/Mp-(+)/+), spontaneously developed pancreatitis at a late stage of life, which was histopathologically characterized by destruction of pancreatic acinar cells with mononuclear cell infiltration. In female 34-38-weeks-old mice the incidence of pancreatitis reached 74%, whereas the male mice developed the disease with a reduced incidence, at a later stage of life and with a reduced severity. Cell infiltrates in the affected lesions were composed predominantly of CD4+ cells and to lesser extent Mac-2+ macrophages. Adoptive transfer of the spleen cells obtained from pancreatitis-bearing female mice generated pancreatitis in female normal mice, but not in the male mice. Transfer of the serum of pancreatitis-bearing mice failed to induce any pancreatic lesions. These findings indicate that pancreatitis in MRL/Mp-(+)/+ mice may be mediated by cellular autoimmune mechanism. This may present a useful concept for analysis of the developmental mechanisms of human chronic pancreatitis in an aspect of autoimmunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on the effect of combination of amphotericin B and flucytosine on Candida albicans by flow cytometry].

The antifungal effects of amphotericin B (AMPH) and flucytosine (5-FC) on three strains of Candida albicans were studied by flow cytometry (FCM). When the IFM4954 and IFM4949 were treated with AMPH or 5-FC alone, cytograms of cell distribution changed at the concentration of 1/2 MIC, respectively. Next, the effect of combination of AMPH and 5-FC were examined. Cytogram of cell distribution of IFM4954 and IFM4949 changed under the combination of 1/4 MIC of AMPH and 1/4 MIC of 5-FC, namely a synergic effect was observed. In conclusion, FCM is a useful apparatus for analysis of the effect of antifungal agents.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1992

Identification of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus transcripts in macrophages of infected adult mink.

We examined Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) mRNA expression in lymph nodes of adult mink infected with ADV by Northern (RNA) blot and in situ hybridization. In Northern blot analysis, ADV transcripts were detected in the poly(A) RNA fraction extracted from mesenteric lymph nodes of two of five mink 10 days after intraperitoneal inoculation with the virulent Utah I strain of ADV. In strand-specific in situ hybridization, ADV DNA and mRNA were detected in some macrophagelike cells located in the medullary sinus in mesenteric lymph node sections from two of six infected mink by using biotinylated probes. In suspensions of lymph node cells, about 30% of the cells phagocytic for latex particles contained ADV DNA and about 1% of these cells contained ADV mRNA. In peritoneal exudate cells, about 20% of the macrophagelike cells contained ADV DNA and about 2% of these cells contained ADV mRNA. These results indicated that some macrophages in ADV-infected mink contained ADV mRNA and were target cells in ADV infection.

Aleutian Mink Disease↗
PubMed1992

Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives with a 4-(disubstituted phenyl) ring and an aminoalkyl ester group: highly potent and long-lasting calcium antagonists.

New 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives bearing a 4-(disubstituted phenyl) ring and an aminoethyl ester or an amino-2,2-dimethyl-propyl ester were synthesized and their antihypertensive activities were examined in normotensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The effects of phenyl substituents and ester groups on the antihypertensive activity are discussed. Several compounds showed a more potent antihypertensive activity than nicardipine and most compounds had a longer duration of action. Among them, 7B.HCl (TC-81) showed highly potent and long-lasting activity and was selected as a candidate for further pharmacological investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Synthesis and antiallergy activity of [1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-9 (3H)-one derivatives. I.

A series of 6-substituted [1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-9(3H)-one derivatives 4a--z were synthesized from 5-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines 5 by the following consecutive reactions: pyrimidine ring closure with bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) malonate, nitration, chlorination, amination, hydrogenation and diazotization. The structure of 4 was confirmed by an alternate synthesis of 4, involving reaction of 5-substituted 2-azido-1,3,4-thiadiazole 13 with ethyl cyanoacetate, followed by the Dimroth rearrangement and ring closure. The antiallergic activities (anti-passive peritoneal anaphylaxis, anti-passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and anti-slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis activities) of the products were evaluated.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1992

Lipoprotein(a) levels in the nephrotic syndrome.

We investigated serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in 20 patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Lp(a) levels in the nephrotic syndrome patients were significantly higher than those in a control group (30.4 +/- 22.5 vs 10.4 +/- 17.7 mg/dl). Overall, the serum Lp(a) and lipid levels showed no relationship, but on an individual basis the serum Lp(a) level varied with the serum levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the nephrotic syndrome patients. Our findings suggest that a decrease in serum albumin led to increased hepatic Lp(a) synthesis. It is well known that thrombotic disease supervenes on hypercoagulability in the nephrotic syndrome, so the determination of Lp(a) levels in these patients may provide information which is useful for preventing thrombotic complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of proposed criteria of disk susceptibility testing for tosufloxacin and lomefloxacin in NCCLS guidelines and WHO standards].

Disk diffusion zone diameter breakpoint criteria for Tosufloxacin and Lomefloxacin were tentatively established by correlating MICs with 1-, 5- and 10 micrograms of Tosufloxacin disk inhibitory zone diameters and with 10 micrograms of Lomefloxacin disk of those to 418 clinical isolates representing 32 species. We recommend 5 micrograms disks for Tosufloxacin with the following breakpoints: Susceptible (MIC, less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml), greater than or equal to 22 mm; intermediate, 17 to 21 mm; and resistant (MIC, greater than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml), less than or equal to 16 mm. We recommend 10 micrograms disks for Lomefloxacin with the following breakpoints: Susceptible (MIC, less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml), greater than or equal to 21 mm; intermediate, 16 to 20 mm; and resistant (MIC, greater than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml), less than or equal to 15 mm. Using these criteria for Tosufloxacin and Lomefloxacin, the occurrence rate of major errors in judging susceptibility and resistance was 0.48%.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1992

[The structure and function of the mecA gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2' is the most important mechanism of the resistance to beta-lactams in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). And the mecA gene is the coding gene of PBP2', and located in the SmaI fragment G of the chromosome map by Pattle P.A.,. A part of the structure of mecA is similar to that of the penicillinase gene. The resistance of MRSA to beta-lactams were influenced by the presence of penicillinase plasmid and the alternation of femA gene.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Postoperative MRSA infections in digestive tract surgery].

MRSA strains were first isolated in 1981 and have increased markedly from 1985 in our surgical ward. One hundred and ninety four strains of MRSA were isolated and 81 cases developed critical infections which were associated with enterocolitis, pneumonia and sepsis. There were many cases in esophageal cancer patients. Bacteriological features of the MRSA strains clearly changed in 1985 from IV to II coagulase type, accompanied with high resistance for antibiotics. Our management against nosocomial infection for MRSA started from April 1988. The number of MRSA cases decreased in 1989, increased in 1990 and decreased again in 1991. We are confident that our management is effective and we will take further efforts to choose the most adequate antibiotics after surgery in our surgical ward.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of combined therapy of ceftazidime and tobramycin for intractable pulmonary infection mainly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

In an open, multicenter trial, we investigated the clinical efficacy of a combination therapy of ceftazidime (CAZ) and tobramycin (TOB) for intractable pulmonary infections mainly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Evaluated for the utility of the combination therapy were 33 cases with pneumonia (Group I: pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa 15, Group II: pneumonia caused by other Gram-negative bacilli 4 and pneumonia which causative organism was not determined 14) and 23 cases with chronic respiratory tract infection caused by P. aeruginosa. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In Group I pneumonia, included 11 severe cases and 4 moderate cases, with a mean age of 69.3 years. Significant underlying diseases were present in 14 out of the 15 (93.3%): they included 10 cases of pulmonary diseases and 4 cerebrovascular diseases. The overall efficacy rate in these cases was 60.0%: but the efficacy rate in moderate cases was 100% and that in severe cases was 45.5%. 2. In Group II pneumonia included 16 severe cases and 2 moderate cases with a mean age of 68.2 years. Significant underlying diseases were present in 15 out of 18 (83.3%, all of the underlying diseases were pulmonary diseases) and the overall efficacy rate was 72.2% with 100% efficacy rate among moderate cases and 68.8% among severe cases. 3. In the cases with chronic respiratory tract infections caused by P. aeruginosa, the efficacy rate was 82.6% and the eradication rate was 65.2%. We consider the combination therapy of CAZ and TOB is useful for intractable pulmonary infections caused by P. aeruginosa.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Complement receptors in atherosclerotic lesions.

Accumulation of cholesterol in the tunica intima of arteries is a feature of atherosclerotic development. Recently, the demonstration of oxidized LDL in atherosclerotic lesions considerably strengthened the possibility of its role in the atherogenesis in vivo. However, the mechanism of lipid accumulation in monocyte-derived macrophages has not yet been clarified. It has been reported that the complement system may be related to atherosclerosis. In this report, complement receptors in the atherosclerotic lesions obtained from autopsy sample were investigated. Initially C3b receptors were detected using sheep erythrocytes bearing human C3b (EAC1423b cells). EAC1423b cells adherent to only aortic sections showing intimal thickening, but not to intact artery. Second, immunostaining of consecutive aortic sections was performed. Apo B and C5b-9 complex were stained using the indirect immunoperoxidase method, and macrophage, C3b receptor (CR1) and C3bi receptor (CR3) were stained using monoclonal antibody in the alkaliphosphatase anti-alkaliphosphatase method. In the intact artery of 3 month old patient, antigen- specific staining were not observed. In intimal thickening and atheroma of older patients, consecutive sections suggested that complement receptor-expressing cells were macrophages. Staining for apo B antigen existed at extracellular site in the intima, and C5b-9 complex was observed in intima and partially in the media. The above data showed that macrophage complement receptors were expressed in the atherosclerotic lesions when the complement system was activated. We conclude that these data suggest that the complement system and complement receptors may be related to the uptake of LDL by macrophages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Two cases of leiomyoma of the kidney].

Renal leiomyomas large enough to be clinically diagnosed are extremely rare. We review 30 cases of clinically diagnosed renal leiomyoma from the literature in Japan, including our 2 new cases. Case 1: In a 52-year-old man with no symptoms a renal mass was found accidentally on an ultrasonogram. CT scan showed a mass with a cystic area at the upper pole of the right kidney. Angiogram showed a hypovascular mass. Case 2: CT scan revealed a cystic mass and angiogram showed an avascular mass at the upper pole of the left kidney in a 19-year-old man having gross hematuria and left flank pain. Transperitoneal nephrectomy was done in both cases. Histologically each tumor was composed of monotonous proliferation of spindle shaped cells without atypia, which showed intense immunoreactivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin. The diagnosis of benign leiomyoma was made in each case. In a review of 30 cases, we found that renal leiomyomas occur most often in female (77%), between decades 2 and 5 of life (median: 46 years). On the angiogram it appears most often as an avascular or hypovascular mass. CT scan shows cystic or mixed solid/cystic or solid lesion, occasionally with calcification. Preoperative diagnosis is extremely difficult to be made. Histologically, fibroma, angiomyolipoma, congenital mesoblastic nephroma and leiomyosarcoma should be differentiated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

cDNA cloning of human R-type pyruvate kinase and identification of a single amino acid substitution (Thr384----Met) affecting enzymatic stability in a pyruvate kinase variant (PK Tokyo) associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia.

cDNA clones for human R-type pyruvate kinase (PK) were isolated from a human reticulocyte cDNA library, constructed by PCR with a single gene-specific primer. The full-length cDNA was 2060 base pairs long, and the cDNA encoded 574 amino acids, the same number as that by rat R-type PK. Compared with human L-type PK, R-type PK was 31 amino acids longer at the amino terminus. We also cloned and characterized R-type PK cDNA clones from patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia from a PK deficiency, PK Tokyo. A single nucleotide substitution (ACG to ATG) was found at nucleotide 1151 of the coding sequence of the R-type PK, which caused an amino acid substitution, Thr384----Met. Dot blot hybridization of PCR-amplified genomic DNA from patients and their parents by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes showed that the parents, who were second cousins, were heterozygous. To confirm that the nucleotide change was responsible for the variant phenotype, we expressed the L-type PK with the single amino acid change in Escherichia coli and characterized the enzyme. The variant PK was thermolabile and moved slowly in the polyacrylamide gel buffered in 10 mM Tris.HCl, pH 8.3; these characteristics were fully compatible with data obtained from the patient's PK. From these results, we concluded that enzymatic stability of the variant was affected by the point mutation of the PK-encoding gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗