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Biomedical subjects

H Kaneko

Publications and source records attributed to H Kaneko.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Monitoring tumor response to therapy by means of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A case of advanced prostatic cancer with metastatic chest wall tumor].

The response of advanced prostatic cancer with metastatic chest wall tumor to high-dose diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DESP) therapy was monitored by in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) study. A eighty-three year old man with Stage D2 prostatic cancer had been treated with chlormadinone acetate and cyclophosphamide since 1984. He was admitted to our hospital with a chest wall tumor and anemia on May 9, 1992. The elevated PAP, PSA and gamma-Sm levels were also observed. Needle biopsy of the tumor revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma metastatic from the prostatic cancer. The patient received 500 mg of DESP by DIV daily for 10 days, and the tumor was reduced by 54% clinically. The abnormal PAP, PSA and gamma-Sm levels returned to almost normal range by three weeks after the initiation of high-dose DESP therapy, and regression of the tumor was confirmed by the MRI. After the first administration of DESP, the MR spectra of the chest wall tumor showed elevated peaks of phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters. These substances are related to the membrane metabolism and their increase represents the membranous degeneration of tumor cells. The same changes continued consecuitively for three weeks, and corresponded with the regression of the tumor. In conclusion, these results suggest that in vivo 31P MRS of malignant tumors can be useful for evaluating early response to therapy prior to other clinical examinations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[The development of a new central monitoring system for the operation room].

We developed a practically new central patient monitoring system for the operating room based on a system which had been developed in 1982. Since we introduced this system on May 19, 1992, we have utilized the system in more than 2,000 anesthesia cases. This system has been operating smoothly and accepted well by not only anesthesiologists but also surgeons and nurses. This system is easy to operate, and works automatically, contributing to the early detection of abnormalities in patient's condition. By introducing this system, the anesthesiologists have succeeded in controlling the patient during the operation more elaborately and effectively than before. Automated anesthesia recorder has reduced anesthesiologist's burden of the manual recording.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1994

[Coronary artery bypass surgery in a patient with Basedow's disease controlled in hypothyroid state].

Coronary artery bypass surgery was performed in 55-year-old male with angina pectoris and Basedow's disease. His thyroid function was controlled in hypothyroid state, in order to avoid thyroid crisis perioperatively. At the start of the extra-corporeal circulation (ECC), values of T4, free-T4, T3 and free-T3 decreased progressively below the lower limits and remained depressed during ECC. The values returned almost to the pre-ECC levels at 2 hours after ECC. However, thereafter a gradual fall was seen up to 3 days after ECC. On the other hand, postoperative concentration of reverse-T3 progressively increased. Perioperative course was uneventful. The patient remains free of angina pectoris with optimal anti-thyroid drug therapy.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical effects of a combination treatment with fosfomycin and clavulanic acid/ticarcillin for infections in patients complicated with hematological disorders].

We evaluated clinical effects and toxicities of a combination of fosfomycin (FOM) and clavulanic acid/ticarcillin (CVA/TIPC) for treatment of infections complicated with hematological disorders in 61 patients. Fifty-eight patients were evaluable, including 40 with acute leukemia, 13 with malignant lymphoma and 5 with other hematological disorders. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 21 cases, good in 13 cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 22 cases. The efficacy rate was 58.6% (34 cases/58 cases). This treatment was also effective in 12 of 20 cases in which granulocyte counts were less than 500/microliters through the course of administration. No subjective side effects were observed. Abnormal values in laboratory tests were noted in 1 case. Mild elevations of GOT and GPT were observed. Thus, the combination of FOM and CVA/TIPC is an effective and safe regimen for the treatment of infections in patients complicated with hematological disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

N-ras mutation and karyotypic evolution are closely associated with leukemic transformation in myelodysplastic syndrome.

We performed a longitudinal analysis of the karyotypes and N-ras gene configuration of bone marrow cells in 35 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Karyotypic evolution was found in eight patients, and was associated with disease progression, including leukemic transformation, in all the patients. We identified N-ras mutations in six patients, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, in which oligonucleotide primers were constructed with induced mismatches, followed by endonuclease digestion. Direct sequencing confirmed single base substitutions at codon 12 in two patients and at codon 13 in four. The incidence of N-ras gene mutations was significantly higher in the karyotypically evolved group (five of eight patients) than in the stable group (one of 27 patients). All of five patients harboring both karyotypic evolution and an N-ras mutation showed concomitant disease progression to overt leukemia or refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-T). Two of four patients with either karyotypic evolution or N-ras mutation and six of 26 patients without any of these alterations also progressed to overt leukemia. Our results indicate that the accumulation of these genetic alterations is closely associated with leukemic transformation of MDS, although other genetic alterations may also play a key role in the remaining patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Novel eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in a meningioma.

BACKGROUND: Two forms of inclusion, extracellular and intracytoplasmic, have been reported in meningiomas. The authors recently encountered a case of meningothelial meningioma with unusual round eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions. METHODS: Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies were performed on the surgically removed tissue. RESULTS: Ultrastructurally, the inclusions were found in the cytoplasm and processes of the tumor cells. Each inclusion consisted of a dense central mass of filaments with a looser, less dense periphery of radiating filaments. At the periphery, crystalloid lamellar structures and granules were intermingled frequently. No limiting membrane was observed. Immunohistochemically, the inclusions were unreactive for five classes of intermediate filaments, actin, ubiquitin, and amyloid. CONCLUSION: The intracytoplasmic inclusions were ultrastructurally distinct from those reported previously. The molecular aspect of these novel eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions remained uncertain.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1993

Picrotoxin as a potent inducer of rat hepatic cytochrome P450, CYP2B1 and CYP2B2.

The induction by the central stimulant picrotoxin of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes was studied in rats. The hepatic content of P450 and the activity of benzphetamine N-demethylation increased gradually after administration of picrotoxin dissolved in drinking water (2 mg/mL), to three-times higher levels than the initial values at the third day of treatment. The increase in benzphetamine N-demethylase activity by picrotoxin was somewhat higher than the increase produced by phenobarbital. Supporting these results, immunoblot analysis showed that CYP2B1 and 2B2 proteins in the liver microsomes were increased by picrotoxin Picrotoxinin and picrotin, which are components of the picrotoxin molecule, had the same ability to induce the hepatic activity of benzphetamine N-demethylation. The liver microsomal activities of testosterone 16 alpha- and 16 beta-hydroxylation were enhanced significantly after treatment with picrotoxinin and picrotin. However, benzo[a]pyrene 3-hydroxylation, aniline 4-hydroxylation, and testosterone hydroxylations at the 2 alpha- and 7 alpha-positions were not increased by picrotoxinin and picrotin treatment. In addition to monooxygenase, significant induction of glutathione S-transferase activity for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity for 4-hydroxybiphenyl and 4-nitrophenol was also observed by pretreatment of picrotoxin. These results clearly indicate that picrotoxin is an inducer of phenobarbital-inducible liver enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Heat shock response for ischemic kidney preservation and transplantation.

The heat shock response (HSR) is a form of stress conditioning during which reversible changes in cellular metabolism are rapidly induced by brief exposure to supra-physiologic levels of heat. The nature of these adaptive adjustments has been widely investigated and has received much attention in molecular biology and cancer research. Recent evidence indicates that a basic form of this stress response exists at the cellular level of virtually every organism. Although the physiological phenomenon of HSR is complex, it is well known that it can induce specific proteins, known as heat shock proteins (HSP's), which are not normally synthesized. HSP's become the major proteins synthesized during the heat shock response while normal protein synthesis is suppressed. In addition, the HSR has been demonstrated to confer a transient resistance to the organism to subsequent episodes of stress. Recently it has been reported that the HSR confers protection against cold ischemic injury and extends the cold preservation time of the rat kidney to 48 hours. In this study, we have applied the concept of HSR to the preservation, and transplantation of warm ischemically injured pig kidneys. Since there is a serious shortage of cadaver kidneys available for transplantation worldwide, this number would increase if warm ischemic kidneys could be utilized. However with present methods of organ recovery and preservation, such kidneys are not likely to function after transplantation even if they were removed. We hypothesized that the application of a thermal stress to pig kidneys prior to organ procurement and preservation will enhance the organs' ability to function after warm ischemic injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Intravital and electron microscopic observation of Ito cells in rat hepatic microcirculation.

Intralobular distribution of Ito cells (fat-storing cells) in hepatic microcirculatory units was investigated through intravital fluorescence microscopy. By using a low-level ultraviolet epi-illumination and a sensitive silicon intensified target camera, the intrahepatic autofluorescence was visualized and digitally processed. In rats fed an ordinary diet, the ultraviolet-excited autofluorescence was composed of at least two different origins that could not be spectrophotometrically distinguished, namely, multiple patchy autofluorescence activities along the sinusoids and terminal hepatic venules and diffuse parenchymal autofluorescence. Multiple patchy activities showed a rapid photobleaching phenomenon under the continuous ultraviolet excitation. These fluorescent activities were completely eliminated by depleting the intrahepatic retinoid contents using a vitamin A-deficient diet for 4 weeks. Furthermore repeated administration of vitamin A significantly enhanced the patchy fluorescent activities. Electron microscopy revealed that these vitamin A fluorescent activities are colocalized with the fat droplets in Ito cells, providing evidence that Ito cells exist not only in perisinusoidal spaces but also in the perivascular spaces of the terminal hepatic and portal venules. The current intravital technique thus provides a new method to observe Ito cells in hepatic microcirculatory units in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Soluble CD4 and CD8 molecules in patients with systemic sclerosis.

The concentrations of sCD4 and sCD8 in 69 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) were examined by using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients with SSc had significantly higher concentrations of sCD8 (mean 249.2 U/ml (SD 155.1), median 224 U/ml) than the normal subjects (mean 149.3 U/ml (SD 42.1), median 148 U/ml). The concentration of sCD4 in patients with SSc were significantly lower (mean 6.2 U/ml (SD 3.8), median 5.0 U/ml) than in the normal subjects (mean 10.9 U/ml (SD 4.1), median 10.3 U/ml). The concentration of sCD8 in patients with diffuse sclerosis tended to be higher than in those with sclerodactyly.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the pathogenesis of water-immersion stress in rats--inhibition of TRH release from the stomach by atropine, ranitidine or omeprazole.

The role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the development of gastric erosions and ulcers induced by water-immersion stress was studied. Intraperitoneally administered bethanechol induced a decrease in the gastric wall immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) concentrations and an increase in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations in a dose-related manner, while atropine induced an increase in gastric wall ir-TRH concentrations and a decrease in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations under non-stress condition. Intraperitoneally administered omeprazole did not influence gastric wall ir-TRH concentrations but elevated gastric pH. Water-immersion stress induced a decrease in gastric wall ir-TRH concentrations and an increase in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations with a decrease in gastric pH prior to ulcer formation. Pretreatment with atropine or ranitidine inhibited the development of stress ulcers, reduced changes in ir-TRH concentrations in the gastric wall and gastric juice, and induced an increase in gastric pH. Omeprazole inhibited stress ulcer formation and changes in gastric wall and gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations. These results suggest that TRH release from the stomach wall into gastric juice is of importance in the pathogenesis of stress ulcer and that its release is mediated by both muscarinergic and histaminergic (H2) systems. Furthermore, omeprazole has an inhibitory effect on TRH release under stress ulcer.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Apparent relative size and depth of moving objects.

The effects of the relative velocities of moving objects on their apparent relative size and depth were investigated with the aid of square patterns generated on a CRT display by a microcomputer. The observer matched the apparent sizes of squares, arranged in two or more rows that moved with different velocities, and made judgments of the apparent relative depth of the rows. In many conditions, squares moving more slowly were perceived as larger in size than those moving faster, regardless of the kind of depth responses, but in some conditions which contained strong depth cues the size responses seemed to be affected by perceived depth. The size-change effect of moving objects is discussed from the viewpoint of size-depth relationship.

Acceleration↗