Production of phi mesons in central 28Si+196Au collisions at 14.6A GeV/c.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
H Kaneko
Publications and source records attributed to H Kaneko.
Alpha 2u-globulins in the urine of male rats: a reliable indicator for alpha 2u-globulin accumulation in the kidney.
Increases in kidney-type-alpha 2u-globulin (alpha G-K, molecular weight approximately 16 kDa) were detected in the urine of male adult rats treated with d-limonene by immunoblotting analysis using an antiserum which distinguishes native-type-alpha 2u-globulin (alpha G-N, molecular weight approximately 19 kDa) from alpha G-K. When male adult rats received d-limonene by gavage (0-300 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days, dose-dependent increases in urinary excretion of alpha G-K were observed at a dosage level of more than 30 mg/kg/day. This was found to be directly correlated with alterations in the concentration of renal alpha G-K as well as the accumulation of hyaline droplets in proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) epithelial cells in the kidneys. Marked elevation of urinary alpha G-K was also noted following oral treatment of adult male rats with 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP), 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB), decalin and isophorone (ISP) by gavage (1.5 mmol/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days, again in association with increased concentrations of renal alpha G-K and hyaline droplet accumulation in renal PCT epithelial cells. However, no such increases in urinary alpha G-K were observed for male adult rats treated with nephrotoxic chemicals such as puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) (15 mg/kg/day, s.c., 14 consecutive days) or hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) (100 mg/kg/day, p.o., 5 consecutive days), lacking the ability to cause kidney accumulation of the hyaline droplets and alpha G-K. The findings in this study thus indicate that measurement of urinary alpha G-K can give a reliable estimates not only of the potential to cause renal accumulation of alpha 2u-globulin but also of its magnitude.
Administration, Oral↗
Inhibition of resistance to hemopoietic allo-grafts in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor transgenic mice.
Transplanted allogeneic marrow cells often fail to engraft in a lethally irradiated host. This phenomenon, termed resistance to allogeneic marrow grafts or alloresistance, is well documented, although its mechanism is not yet understood. Transplantation of major histocompatibility complex disparate allogeneic marrow cells into mice transgenic for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) showed donor-derived spleen colonies (CFU-S) and resulted in stable allogeneic chimerism with excellent survival (100% up to 40 days and 89% up to 120 days). Under the same experimental conditions, all the littermate controls failed to show CFU-S and died shortly after marrow transplantation. Thus, resistance to allogeneic marrow cells appeared to be severely impaired in this transgenic mouse. The observation that neutralizing antibody against G-CSF restored allo-resistance in G-CSF transgenic mice and that CFU-S was inducible upon administration of recombinant G-CSF using a mini-osmotic pump in nontransgenic recipients, suggests that an elevated level of this cytokine is important for the inhibition of allo-resistance. Thus, G-CSF was found to play a role in allogeneic resistance to marrow grafts and the G-CSF-transgenic mice provide a useful model to study the inhibition of the resistance. The inhibition of allo-resistance may be useful in preparing allogeneic bone marrow chimeras in both experimental and clinical settings.
Animals↗
High sensitivity to streptozotocin in herbivorous voles, Microtus arvalis, compared to mice.
Herbivorous voles, Microtus arvalis, have characteristics similar to herbivores in that their hepatic glycolytic enzyme activities are relatively low. The effects of a single low dose (100 mg/kg body weight) of streptozotocin (STZ) in voles were studied and the difference in sensitivity to or toxicity of STZ in voles and C57BL/6 mice was compared. In voles which received STZ, the cumulative incidence of glycosuria reached 53% by 4 weeks after administration. The diabetic voles showed marked increases in their blood glucose and plasma free fatty acid concentrations and a significant decrease in plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations. Their hepatic hexokinase, glucokinase, glutathione peroxidase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities decreased significantly and lesions were widely observed in the liver, kidney and pancreas. The activities of glutathione peroxidase, a scavenger of H2O2, decreased significantly in their liver and pancreas. These changes were not observed in C57BL/6 mice which received STZ. The higher sensitivity to and toxicity of STZ in voles than in mice are considered to be caused by the characteristically low activities of glycolytic enzymes and glutathione peroxidase in the tissues of voles. Voles may be a good model for studying the mechanisms of cytotoxicity by STZ in herbivorous animals.
Animals↗
Ultrasonographic assessment of intragastric volume in neonates: factors affecting the relationship between intragastric volume and antral cross-sectional area.
Measuring antral cross-sectional area by ultrasonography can be an ideal way to evaluate intragastric milk volume in infants. Technical details, however, remain to be established before its clinical application. We investigated the effects of posture and ultrasonographic plane on the correlation between milk volume and antral cross-sectional area. After gastric aspiration through a nasogastric tube, healthy newborns were fed 0, 10, 20, and 40 ml of milk cumulatively, and antral cross-sectional area was measured in either upright, sitting, or right lateral position. To determine the best sonographic plane, subjects were put in the right lateral position and antral cross-sectional area was measured in the plane of the aorta and either the superior mesenteric artery, the superior mesenteric vein, the midline of the abdominal surface, 1 cm right of midline, or 2 cm right of midline. The results showed that antral cross-sectional area reflects intragastric milk volume most accurately, with minimal gas interference when measured in the right lateral position. The area correlates well with milk volume in the plane of the aorta and either the superior mesenteric artery, the superior mesenteric vein, or the midline. Next, we studied the effect of intragastric gas on the antral cross-sectional area in subjects who were given 40 ml of milk followed by an injection of air. More than 20 ml of intragastric gas increases antral cross-sectional area significantly. Ultrasonographic evaluation of intragastric volume requires attention to the above factors.
Abdomen↗
Abnormal neuropeptide concentration in rectal mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Regulatory neuropeptides are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, where they play an important role in motility, secretion, and immune and inflammatory responses. In this study, the rectal mucosal content of somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP), beta-endorphin (BE), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 56 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 15 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 15 patients with acute infectious colitis (AIC), and 11 controls, who showed no inflammation of the rectal mucosa, nor abnormal bowel movements. The content of immunoreactive (ir)-SOM was decreased in UC patients, especially in those with persistent disease activity, while the levels of ir-SP, BE, and TRH were increased in such patients. Some changes of ir-peptide levels were also observed in CD and AIC patients. The changes in neuropeptide levels were analyzed in relation to histological grades of inflammation in UC patients, grades 4-5 showing the most significant changes. The levels of ir-SOM, SP, BE, and TRH showed no significant change in chronic persistent UC when measured 6-12 months after the initial examination. In contrast, in patients with remitting intermittent UC, the levels of SP and BE decreased during remission. Abnormal intestinal neuropeptide content may be implicated in the continued mucosal immune and inflammatory responses that are manifested in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Adult↗
Derivative Y chromosome resulting from a t(Y;15) (q12;q11.2) in a boy with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from a boy with Prader-Willi syndrome showed the presence of 45 chromosomes, including der(Y) resulting from a t(Y;15) (q12;q11.2). In situ hybridization using DYZ3 and D15S11 showed a positive signal and negative signal in derivative Y chromosome, respectively. The deficiency of 15pter q11.2 may not influence the clinical manifestation of Prader-Willi syndrome.
Child, Preschool↗
Relative size disparities and the perception of surface slant.
Perceived slant produced by size disparities in random-dot displays was measured by tactile matching. For a 60 deg surface, slant produced by vertical-size disparity (the induced effect) was opposite to that produced by horizontal-size disparity. Overall-size disparity produced a little slant. With small displays, effects of horizontal and vertical disparities were reduced but not those of overall disparity. A zero-disparity surround increased effects of horizontal and overall disparities but reduced the induced effect. A mixture of horizontally disparate and zero-disparity dots produced two slanted surfaces. Vertically disparate and zero-disparity dots produced one slanted surface. Abutting opposite horizontal disparities produced surfaces with a sharp boundary. Abutting vertical disparities produced surfaces with a gradual boundary. Perceived slant depends on the difference between horizontal-size disparity detected locally and mean vertical-size disparity over a relatively large area.
Depth Perception↗
Inhibition of animal acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase by 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
Peroxisome proliferators are generally known as activators of fatty acid beta-oxidation which is one of degradation pathways. However, since it is unknown whether peroxisome proliferators have an effect on biosynthesis of fatty acid or not, we commenced to study if acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis, is inhibited by 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid or 2-ethylhexanoic acid which is a typical peroxisome proliferator. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase(s) from rat, mouse, hamster, rabbit, dog and monkey were completely inhibited by 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid or 2-ethylhexanoic acid at the concentration of 10(-3)M. For both compounds, there was not a large species difference in the inhibition. However, there was only several times difference between I50 values for the two compounds. The findings imply that inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by the chemicals leads to reduction of fatty acid biosynthesis when the chemicals are administered to the animals at high dose levels.
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
Comparison of endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity between nonpregnant and pregnant rats.
The tension of isolated ring preparation of aorta from nonpregnant and pregnant rats was measured isometrically to study the effect of pregnancy on endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity. Contraction in response to norepinephrine and potassium chloride was greater in aortae from nonpregnant rats than in those from pregnant rats. The endothelium-dependent relaxation that was caused by acetylcholine (10(-10)-3 x 10(-9) M) in aortae precontracted with norepinephrine was significantly enhanced in aortae from pregnant rats compared with the relaxation in those from nonpregnant rats. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) inhibited the endothelium-dependent relaxation in both aorta from pregnant and nonpregnant rats. L-Arginine reversed the inhibition of L-NAME. Those results suggest that the enhanced endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity in rats aortae is associated with pregnancy.
Ammonium Chloride↗
Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy and left lateral segmentectomy: technique and results of a clinical series.
BACKGROUND: Technical difficulties have impeded the development of laparoscopic hepatectomy. This article describes a new technique for performing partial hepatectomy and left lateral segmentectomy by means of laparoscopy, and the results in a series of 11 consecutive patients are reported. METHODS: A microwave tissue coagulator is used in combination with an ultrasonic surgical aspirator to divide hepatic parenchyma without pneumoperitoneum. Branched vessels and ducts are clipped and transected. The largest vessels were suture ligated in some cases. The endoscopic linear stapler was used to transect the left hepatic vein for left lateral segmentectomy. The resected liver was maneuvered into a specimen bag and removed. The argon beam coagulator was used to secure hemostasis of the plane of transection. RESULTS: Eleven patients underwent laparoscopic hepatic resection. Indications included isolated metastatic lesion, hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangioma, Wilson's disease, and hemochromatosis. Three patients underwent left lateral segmentectomy, and eight underwent partial hepatectomy. Ten procedures were performed uneventfully; one patient required conversion to open hepatectomy because of excessive bleeding. Notable differences were seen in blood loss compared with open hepatectomy, and no operative complications occurred. Postoperative pain was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic hepatectomy, especially partial or left lateral segmentectomy, appears to be a viable surgical alternative in selected cases.
Adolescent↗
Preferential elimination of CD28+ T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the relation with activation-induced apoptosis.
CD28 on T cells provides a potent costimulatory signal for T cell activation. Down-regulation of CD28 on peripheral T cells has been reported in certain clinical conditions, but full studies on the mechanism and biological significance have not been performed. Our extensive phenotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from SLE patients revealed that the absolute number of CD28+ T cells of both CD4 and CD8 phenotypes was selectively decreased, while that of CD28- T cells was maintained. CD28+ T cells from SLE patients exhibited mostly normal proliferative responses to both CD28-dependent and -independent stimulations. In contrast, CD28- T cells were hyporesponsive to anti-CD3 stimulation in both SLE and normal controls. These results implied that the selective decrease of CD28+ T cells in SLE does not result from a hyporesponsiveness of CD28+ T cells. To investigate the reason for the selective loss of CD28+ T cells, we determined the appearance of apoptotic cells in culture with or without anti-CD3 stimulation. Apoptotic cells defined by merocyanine (MC)540 were gradually increased from 12 h to 24 h. Anti-CD3-induced apoptosis of CD28+ T cells was significantly accelerated in SLE, whereas apoptosis of CD28- T cells was hardly detected in both SLE and normal controls. Comparative analysis between CD28+ and CD28- T cells on CD95 (Fas) and Bcl-2 expression, which are related to activation-induced cell death (AICD), did not show a major difference, although CTLA4, which has been demonstrated to transmit an apoptosis-inducing signal, was expressed only on CD28+ T cells. Our results suggest that CD28-mediated costimulation influences T cell susceptibility to AICD and may be involved in T cell lymphopenia in SLE.
Adolescent↗
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis reduces coronary blood flow response but does not increase cardiac contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in normal dogs.
Whether the nitric oxide (NO) system constitutively present in the normal myocardium and resistance coronary vessels regulates basal cardiac contractility and coronary blood flow (CBF), as well as their responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation in intact heart, remains controversial. We examined the effects of low and high doses of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 and 100 mu g/kg/min for 10 min), an NO synthase inhibitor, as well as D-enantiomer administered into left circumflex (LCX) artery on responses of left ventricular (LV) dP/dt, regional wall thickening in LCX region and LCX blood flow to graded intracoronary doses of isoproterenol (ISO 0.002-0.016 mu g/kg/min) in normal dogs. Intracoronary L-NAME, which was associated with dose-related reductions in acetylcholine (ACh)-induced coronary vasodilation, significantly reduced baseline LCX blood flow and its response to ISO. However, L-NAME did not change baseline LV contractility as assessed by LV dP/dt and regional wall thickening, nor did it increase its response to ISO. D-Enantiomer was ineffective in reducing baseline LCX blood flow as well as its response to ISO. These results indicate that constitutive NO formation in the vasculature contributes to basal coronary vascular tone as well as resistance adjustments during beta-adrenergic stimulation. However, NO formation in the normal myocardium did not influence basal cardiac contractility; nor did it increase cardiac response to beta-adrenergic stimulation.
Acetylcholine↗
Identification of a new non-functional CYP2C18 allele in Japanese: substitution of T204 to A in exon2 generates a premature stop codon.
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Alleles↗
Ataxia telangiectasia syndrome with B cell lymphoma.
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Ataxia Telangiectasia↗
Spontaneous hemorrhage during pregnancy secondary to renal angiomyolipoma.
We report a case of spontaneous hemorrhage secondary to renal angiomyolipoma treated with percutaneous transcatheter arterial embolization. Fourteen and 18 months after the procedure, the patient showed repeated spontaneous hemorrhage during pregnancy. However, a healthy female infant was delivered at the 39th week of the pregnancy. We discuss the management of renal angiomyolipoma in young married women before pregnancy.
Adult↗
Does inhibition of coronary nitric oxide synthesis alter coronary vascular tone in normal dogs?
To examine whether endothelial nitric oxide formation contributes to the vascular tone of resistance coronary vessels in vivo, we administered NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 and 100 micrograms/kg/min), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, as well as D-enantiomer into the left circumflex artery in normal dogs. Intracoronary L-NAME, which was associated with dose-related reductions in acetylcholine-induced coronary vasodilation, significantly reduced the baseline left circumflex blood flow by 6% and increased coronary vascular resistance of the left circumflex artery by 6%. D-enantiomer was ineffective in altering baseline coronary blood flow and vascular resistance of the left circumflex artery. These results indicate that continuous nitric oxide formation in the vasculature is important in the regulation of the coronary vascular tone of resistance vessels in vivo, and serves to maintain the vessels in a dilated state.
Animals↗
The expression of lymphocyte function associated antigen-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
The ratios of CD11a, CD18, HLA-DP on T cells and CD54 on B cells of 54 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined. The ratios of LFA-1 alpha, beta, ICAM-1, HLA-DP among SLE patients were significantly higher when compared with normal healthy controls, and the significant correlation between the ratio of LFA-1+ T cells and HLA-DP+ T cells, and LFA-1+ T cells and ICAM-1+ B cells was recognized. These results may suggest that LFA-1, ICAM-1 is related to the mutual action between activated T cells and B cells.
Adolescent↗