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Biomedical subjects

H Kaneko

Publications and source records attributed to H Kaneko.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effect of extremely low dose cyclosporine treatment on the thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Cyclosporine is widely known to be effective in cases involving both transplantation as well as a spectrum of immune-mediated diseases, although careful monitoring is required for the preemptive detection of its adverse effects. Here we report the successful treatment by extremely low dose cyclosporine (1 mg/kg per day) of two patients with thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Intrahepatic flow disturbance as detected by in vivo acridine orange staining in endothelin-1-treated and cirrhotic rats.

Intrahepatic flow in rats was examined by systemic acridine orange (AO) labeling and succeeding microscopic observations of post-fixed livers. In controls, all periportal areas were stained evenly throughout the liver mass, and the staining often branched between the liver lobules in a acinous fashion. Intraportal endothelin-1 infusion caused a marked heterogenous staining; strong staining around large portal vein branches in the central portion of the liver, but much less in the periphery. Cirrhotic livers exhibited overall weaker staining intensity with no accentuation in periportal areas and restricted radial staining within pseudo-lobules. AO infusion may help detect hepatic flow disturbance in vivo.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1998

Effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and L-arginine on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in newborn rats.

Previous studies have suggested that the mechanisms involved in gastric mucosal protection in newborn rats are different from those in adult rats. The aim of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) has protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in newborn rats. In 1-week-old rats, (1) pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase inhibitor, increased gastric mucosal damage induced by 35% ethanol dose-dependently (0.3-30 mg/kg), (2) concurrent administration of 300 mg/kg L-arginine (L-Arg) inhibited the L-NAME induced-increase in damage completely, and (3) pretreatment with low dose L-Arg (30 mg/kg) decreased the mucosal damage induced by 60% ethanol. We concluded that endogeneous NO is involved in the protective mechanism of the gastric mucosa in neonatal rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Asymptomatic hyponatremia due to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone as the first sign of a small cell lung cancer in an elderly man.

A 72-year-old man was hospitalized with asymptomatic hyponatremia. Despite hyponatremia, urinary sodium excretion with urine osmolality exceeding plasma osmolality persisted. Plasma vasopressin levels were high and independent of plasma osmolality during hypertonic saline infusion. Computed tomography of the chest showed enlarged mediastinal and right hilar lymph nodes. Microscopically, a specimen of lymph nodes obtained by biopsy represented vasopressin-producing small cell lung carcinoma. Chemotherapy plus irradiation improved the hyponatremia. Thus, careful evaluation is necessary to determine the cause of hyponatremia disorders in elderly patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of HIV envelope glycoprotein on the induction of immune dysregulation in HIV infection].

The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been know to play an important role in the induction of immune dysregulation of HIV infection. Recent evidence suggests that HIV requires the chemokine receptors as a coreceptor. In addition, we found that HIV-2 (but not HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein can bind to not only CD 4 but also CD 8 molecules on human T cells. Based upon these findings, we discuss the effect of HIV envelope glycoprotein on the pathogenic role of HIV infection and the difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope glycoproteins in the biological characteristics and pathogenecity.

Chemokines↗
PubMed1998

Involvement of apoptosis and cyclin D1 gene repression in growth inhibition of T-47D human breast cancer cells by methylglyoxal bis(cyclopentylamidinohydrazone).

Polyamines are considered to be important intracellular molecules for the proliferation of the cancer cells. In this study, effects of methylglyoxal bis(cyclopentylamidinohydrazone) (MGBCP), a potent inhibitor of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, on the growth and cell cycle of T-47D human breast cancer cells were investigated. MGBCP dose-dependently inhibited the growth of T-47D cells, in which the contents of spermine, spermidine and putrescine decreased concomitantly. The gene expression of cyclin D1 was also repressed by the MGBCP treatment. The MGBCP-treated cells clearly exhibited morphological changes indicating the blebbing and chromatin condensation which are characteristic of apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis showed hypo-diploid subpopulations due to apoptotic cells, and characteristic oligonucleosomal-sized DNA fragments were clearly observed for MGBCP-treated cells as the concentration of the drug was increased. These findings suggest that the inhibition of polyamine synthesis results in the repressions of cyclin D1 expression and cell cycle progression, eventually inducing apoptosis in these human breast cancer cells.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Activation of bradykinin formation cascade on receiving autologous blood transfusion through a white cell-reduction filter in a patient treated with an ACE inhibitor].

We have experienced a case of anaphylactoid reaction on receiving autologous blood transfusion through a WBC filter for packed red blood cell (PRBC). The patient was a 71-year-old man with a history of hypertension treated with oral antihypertensive drug; enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, who received anesthesia for Y-graft replacement. Autologous blood was obtained after the induction of general anesthesia in the operating room. Upon starting to return the stored blood with an unintentional use of a WBC filter, arterial blood pressure (ABP) fell within the first minute of the transfusion. We obtained three blood samples; pre-filtered blood (PRE), postfiltered blood (POST) and arterial blood (CIRC) after the event, and analyzed concentrations of bradykinin (BK), high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and high molecular weight kininogen-light chain (HMWK-LC). BK was higher in POST than in PRE. HMWK was lower in POST than in PRE, while HMWK-LC was higher in POST than in PRE. HMWK in CIRC was lower than in PRE, and HMWK-LC was higher in CIRC than in PRE. HMWK and HMWK-LC changes after the event suggest that BK formation cascade in the patient was activated on receiving the transfusion. ACE inhibitors were reported to augment such activation. The WBC filter has the negatively charged surface on filteration material and may activate the cascade. While WBC filters can avoid transfusion related reactions, hemodynamic responses should be watched closely in patients treated with ACE inhibitors.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical study on the inhibitory effect of a 5-HT3 antagonist, granisetron, for nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy (CHOP, VEPA, high-dose ETP) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

The antiemetic effect of granisetron on nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy (CHOP, VEPA, VEPA-B, massive dose of ETP) was studied in fifty patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There was almost no difference in the inhibitory effect by regimen, with the rates of perfect inhibition of nausea and vomiting standing at 55.6% to 60%. Nausea and vomiting was perfectly controlled in 60% of 35 patients receiving CHOP therapy. As a part of this study, a comparison was made of perfect inhibitory effect on nausea and vomiting by potency of chemotherapy under the potency scale of 750 mg/m2 of CPA as 1, revealing no significant difference in the rates of complete inhibition as 71.4% for a drug potency of less than 0.8 vs 52.4% for 0.8 or above (p = 0.26). However, it was clear that the higher the dose of chemotherapy, the lower the rate of complete inhibition. The results confirmed the high efficacy and safety of granisetron in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[CD34-positive cell selection using an Isolex 300 system in patients with solid tumors and its application for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation].

Using an Isolex 300 immunomagnetic cell separator, we carried out CD34+ cell selection in samples from 4 patients with solid tumors: 2 patients with relapsed breast cancer, 1 post-operative patient with advanced breast cancer, and 1 post-operative patient with advanced ovarian cancer. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized by G-CSF and high-dose chemotherapy (CAF or VIC-E regimen). The mean recovery rate for CD34+ cells was 62.0% and the mean purity was 89.5%. However, the mean recovery for colony-forming cells (CFC) was only 10.9%, suggesting that recovered CD34+ cells may be damaged during the separation of immunomagnetic beads by releasing peptide or by 4 cycles of cytocentrifugation (at 800 G for 10 min). Approximately 30% of the CFC, consisting largely of BFU-E, had been recovered in the CD34- cell fraction. Recently, it has been reported that primitive long-term hematopoietic repopulating cells may express weakly or not at all for CD34 antigen. This suggests that careful follow-up monitoring is necessary for long-term hematopoietic reconstitution after CD34+ cell transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[t(3;5) (q21;q31) chromosomal abnormality in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia with trilineage myelodysplasia].

A 60-year-old woman was admitted in June 1993, because of anemia and purpura and given a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia with trilineage dysplasia. She entered partial remission (PR) after three courses of low-dose Ara-C and G-CSF, but never reached complete remission (CR) in spite of additional chemotherapy. In October 1994, the number of leukocytes, myeloblasts, and erythroblasts in the patient's peripheral blood increased, and her clinical condition deteriorated. The disease was resistant to other therapy. The patient had pneumonia and died of septic shock in December 1994. A chromosomal analysis performed on admission showed 46,XX,t(3;5) (q21;q31) [9/9]. As an additional chromosomal abnormality, deletion of the X chromosome was observed in January, 1994. Analysis of the p53 gene by the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism method showed one base transposition, from TAT to TGT (Tyr to Cys), at codon 220 of exon 6. Karyotype evolution and p53 gene mutation were observed during the disease course and may have been related to progression of the disease.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical evaluation of cefozopran for infections associated with hematological malignancies].

Cefozopran (CZOP) was used as an initial antibacterial therapy for infections in patients with hematological malignancies. CZOP was given at a daily dose of 4 g by drip intravenously to patients who were febrile over 38 degrees C and were suspected as having bacterial infections. As underlying diseases, 8 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 9 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), 2 aplastic anemia (AA), 2 adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), 28 non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 2 multiple myeloma (MM). Bacterial infections diagnosed were sepsis in 7 patients, suspected sepsis in 32, bronchitis in 6, pneumonia in 5 and acute peritonitis in 1. Clinical responses among 51 evaluable cases were excellent in 14, good in 15, fair in 3, poor in 19 and the overall response rate was 57%. The overall response rates for AML, ALL, AA, ATLL, NHL and MM were 56%, 63%, 100%, 50%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Those for sepsis, suspected sepsis, bronchitis, pneumonia and acute peritonitis were 14%, 63%, 100%, 40%, and 0%, respectively. This therapy was effective in 53% (9/17) of patients whose granulocyte count remained below 500/microliter throughout the course of CZOP therapy. Six bacterial and one fungal strains were isolated from blood and sputum of six patients including five sepsis cases; two bacteria were eradicated and bacterial change was observed in one case. As side adverse effects, 10 patients had liver dysfunction, 1 anemia, 2 proteinemia, 1 indirect bilirubinemia, 2 thrombocytopenia, and 1 eosinophilia. We tried to establish a scoring system for the severities of patients with their infections, underlying diseases, treatments for the underlying disease, and granulocyte counts in order to evaluate the efficacy of CZOP more precisely. This scoring system was consisted of three grades; severe, moderate, and mild. CZOP was effective on mild and moderate grades. These results indicate that the initial antibacterial therapy by CZOP is useful for the treatment of mild and moderate grade infections complicated with hematological malignancies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

BLM (the causative gene of Bloom syndrome) protein translocation into the nucleus by a nuclear localization signal.

Bloom syndrome (BS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by small body size, sun sensitivity, immunodeficiency and a high predisposition to various types of cancer. BLM was identified as the causative gene for BS, and BLM protein is homologous to DNA helicase. There are two putative nuclear localization signals (NLSs) within amino acid residues 1334-1349 in the C-terminus of the BLM protein, which has the distinctive structure of two basic residue arms separated by a spacer. The entire coding or deleted BLM sequences of various sizes were ligated into an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) vector and transfected into HeLa cells. The EGFP vector harboring the entire BLM coding sequence was transported to the nucleus. The BLM protein truncated at 1341 amino acid, containing an intact helicase domain and only one proximal arm, was not transported to the nucleus. The BLM protein truncated at 1357 amino acid, containing an intact helicase domain and two arms, was transported to the nucleus. The EGFP vector harboring DNA fragments encoding a protein having only the distal arms of basic amino acids in the C-terminus was also transported to the nucleus. The truncated BLM proteins corresponding to previously reported mutated BLM proteins were retained in the cytoplasm or both the cytoplasm and the nucleus as was the EGFP vector with no insert. These results show that the BLM protein translocates into the nucleus and that the distal arm of the bipartite basic residues in the C-terminus of the BLM protein is essential for targeting the nucleus.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1997

Direct measurement of the chloride concentration in newt olfactory receptors with the fluorescent probe.

Chloride (Cl-) current in the olfactory cell has been proposed to be excitatory and amplifying the receptor current. As an intracellular concentration of Cl- ([Cl-]i) is critically important for the proposed function, we tried to measure [Cl-]i of the isolated newt olfactory receptors using chloride-sensitive fluorescent dye, N-(6-methoxyquinolyl)-acetoethyl ester (MQAE). We found that the average of Cl- concentration through the cell is about 40 mM. This value is fairly lower than 120 mM that was suggested from reversal potential of tail component of the olfactory response in the low Cl- bath solution. Because the reversal potential for the present [Cl-]i is above the resting potential, opening of the Cl- channels may serve as a booster for the depolarizing odor-response.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Rifampicin inhibits the toxicity of pre-aggregated amyloid peptides by binding to peptide fibrils and preventing amyloid-cell interaction.

Rifampicin and its analogues, p-benzoquinone and hydroquinone, inhibited the toxicity of preformed aggregates of human islet amyloid polypeptide, amylin, to rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, when preincubated with the aggregated peptide before addition to cell cultures. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that they prevented the adhesion of amylin aggregates to the cell surface, and this effect was induced probably by their binding to peptide fibrils during preincubation. Other quinone derivatives, i.e., p-methoxyphenol, AA-861 and idebenone, failed to inhibit the toxicity and cell-surface adhesion of amylin aggregates. Rifampicin analogues also inhibited the toxicity of pre-aggregated amyloid beta1-42 peptides, suggesting a common toxic mechanism of different amyloid peptides and their therapeutic potential for several amyloidoses.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1997

Host F1 mice pretreated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor accept parental bone marrow grafts in hybrid resistance system.

In the setting of hybrid resistance, parental C57BL/6 bone marrow (BM) grafts are vigorously rejected by lethally irradiated (C57BL/6xDBA/2) F1 mice. However, F1 mice pretreated by continuous administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with a miniosmotic pump before BM grafting developed day-8 splenic colonies of donor origin. This inhibitory effect on rejection was reversible because F1 mice regained the capacity to reject parental BM when the pump ceased functioning. The appearance of only a small number of colonies with the administration of G-CSF soon after BM grafting suggested the importance in producing this inhibitory effect of pre-exposure of host mice to G-CSF. Because G-CSF administration with a syngeneic combination did not influence the number of colonies, an altered distribution of grafted precursors was unlikely. The absence of a reduction in the number of NK1.1-positive cells in G-CSF-treated mice suggested functional impairment of natural killer cells, major effectors in hybrid resistance, but further study is necessary to elucidate the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. However, our results indicate the importance of G-CSF as a regulator in a certain type of immune response and raise the possibility of clinical application in transplantation medicine.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1997

Lasting effect of NO on glutamate release in rat striatum revealed by continuous brain dialysis.

The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on glutamate release in the brain of freely moving rats was investigated using a new, high time-resolution microdialysis system. Coperfusion with veratridine (VER) and NO donors increased glutamate release above than that obtained with VER alone. When steady-state levels were regained after co-perfusion, perfusion of VER alone further potentiated glutamate release. The effect depended on the initial level of VER-induced glutamate release, and was maximum for intermediate glutamate levels. These results suggest that NO influences the glutamate release system by affecting the level of neural activity and that its effect lasts and increases when steady-state levels are regained in rat striatum.

Animals↗