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Biomedical subjects

H Kanazawa

Publications and source records attributed to H Kanazawa.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Detection of polymorphisms of human DNA by gel electrophoresis as single-strand conformation polymorphisms.

We developed mobility shift analysis of single-stranded DNAs on neutral polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to detect DNA polymorphisms. This method follows digestion of genomic DNA with restriction endonucleases, denaturation in alkaline solution, and electrophoresis on a neutral polyacrylamide gel. After transfer to a nylon membrane, the mobility shift due to a nucleotide substitution of a single-stranded DNA fragment could be detected by hybridization with a nick-translated DNA fragment or more clearly with RNA copies synthesized on each strand of the DNA fragment as probes. As the mobility shift caused by nucleotide substitutions might be due to a conformational change of single-stranded DNAs, we designate the features of single-stranded DNAs as single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs). Like restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), SSCPs were found to be allelic variants of true Mendelian traits, and therefore they should be useful genetic markers. Moreover, SSCP analysis has the advantage over RFLP analysis that it can detect DNA polymorphisms and point mutations at a variety of positions in DNA fragments. Since DNA polymorphisms have been estimated to occur every few hundred nucleotides in the human genome, SSCPs may provide many genetic markers.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

[Continuous subcutaneous infusion of peplomycin in oral squamous carcinoma].

To determine the effect of continuous subcutaneous infusion of peplomycin on both antitumor activity and pulmonary toxicity, thirty-two patients with previously untreated oral squamous carcinoma were given peplomycin via osmotic microinfusion pump (SP-5, Nipro Co., Ltd.) at a daily dose of 5.0 mg subcutaneously. The mean dosage of peplomycin given was 79.8 mg. An overall response rate of 62.5% was achieved, with 21.9% complete response, and 40.6% partial response. The maximum reduction of tumor volume for responder could be generally observed when peplomycin was given at about 60 mg continuously. The most frequently encountered toxicity was a mucocutaneous reaction, manifested by stomatitis (34.4%) and skin eruption (18.8%), but they were mild and tolerable. A local skin reaction also occurred at the site of drug injection, and an ulcer formation developed in 12.5% of patients. Monitoring of pulmonary function by means of PaO2 revealed that 32.0% of patients had a decrease over 10% after peplomycin administration. However, interstitial pneumonitis eventually occurred in only one patient (3.1%). In conclusion, the regimen of continuous infusion of peplomycin is a useful method to administer peplomycin safely without reducing the antitumor effect compared to conventional intermittent injection.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The effects of transfusion of irradiated blood upon cellular immune response in patients underwent open heart surgery].

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of the transfusion of blood received 1500 rad exposure upon the immune response in 14 patients underwent various type of cardiac surgery. 13 patients received known amounts banked blood and irradiated fresh blood, while one patient received a lot of amounts of banked and irradiated and non-irradiated fresh blood. The authors studied the numbers of lymphocytes as well as lymphocyte subsets such as pan-T cells, B cells, helper/inducer T cells (TH/I), cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (Tc/s), active T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and NK cell activity during two weeks after surgeries. In all 14 patients, pan-T lymphocytes decreased markedly in a few days after surgeries, but increased to higher levels on the eight postoperative day than the levels preoperatively. TH/I and TC/S lymphocytes changed on the similar pattern as pan-T lymphocytes. Active T and B cells did not change significantly in two weeks. The number and activity of NK cells gave the lowest levels on the second postoperative day and did not recover to the preoperative levels in two weeks. One patient received non-irradiated fresh blood showed the similar immune response as other 13 patients, while he gave the lower levels than others did. This patient died of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-like syndrome on the 36th postoperative day. It may be thought that the transfusion of irradiated blood would prevent the host from GVHD and gave the better effects on the immune response than that of non-irradiated blood following open-heart surgeries.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Preventive medicine of adult T-cell leukaemia].

Preventive medicine of adult T cell leukemia (ATL) was discussed from four points of view, namely (1) seroepidemiology, (2) clinical laboratory findings of HTLV-I seropositive and seronegative groups in comparison with those of ATL patients, (3) relationship between genetic polymorphisms of 4 serum proteins and HTLV-I infection/development of ATL and (4) detection of antibodies to HTLV-I in pregnant women and prevention of its mother to child transmission.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Intermediate-term results after Fontan type operation for single ventricle].

From 1983 to 1985, Fontan type operation were successfully performed on five patients with single ventricle. Marked cyanosis disappeared soon after the surgery, and normal exercise tolerance was obtained in all cases but one in the late postoperative period. Compared to marked improvement in the exercise tolerance test, cardiac output remained subnormal both at rest and during exercise even in the late postoperative period. Several types of asymptomatic arrhythmias were observed during the acute postoperative days, but they were not recognized in the intermediate-term postoperative period. Routine blood chemistry studies showed that hepatic function was within normal limits, but hepatic dysfunction was suggested by Indocyanine Green clearance test. Renal function was well preserved after Fontan type procedure. Though cardiac output is subnormal, Fontan type procedure is a safe and effective operation, and intermediate-term state is satisfactory without any signs of heart failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Scimitar syndrome with left pulmonary hypertension and right pulmonary artery stenosis in childhood--report of a case of successful surgical repair].

An one-year old child with Scimitar syndrome (anomalous drainage of the right pulmonary vein to inferior vena cava with right lung hypoplasia) associated with left side pulmonary hypertension and right pulmonary artery stenosis underwent surgical repair. The anomalous pulmonary vein was anastomosed to right atrium with 10 mm PTFE graft interposition and drained to left atrium through equine pericardial intra-atrial baffle. The stenotic portion of right pulmonary artery was enlarged with porcine pericardial patch. To our knowledge, this is the first successful surgical case of Scimitar syndrome with pulmonary hypertension in childhood reported in literature. A repair of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to inferior vena cava in childhood is difficult, and a meticulous selection of surgical procedure is necessary.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
PubMed1988

Schedule-dependent therapeutic gain from the combination of fractionated irradiation and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in C3H/Km mouse model systems.

The interaction of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (c-DDP) with daily fractionated radiotherapy was studied in the SCCVII tumor, the duodenum, and the lungs of C3H/Km mice. The experimental end points were the time required for treated tumors to reach 3 times their treatment size, the survival of stem cells in the duodenal crypts, and the breathing rate measured early (19-23 weeks) and late (41-46 weeks) after treatment. In the 8 treatment schedules that were evaluated, radiation was delivered in 5 daily doses of 2-7 Gy, for total doses of 10-35 Gy; and c-DDP was administered either daily (2.4 or 1.6 mg/kg/day) or as a single bolus (8 or 12 mg/kg). Schedule 2, in which 2.4 mg/kg c-DDP was administered immediately before X-ray on 5 consecutive days produced the highest degree of enhancement of radiation effect (expressed as dose-effect factor); and the next greatest enhancement was produced by 12 mg/kg c-DDP administered 24 h before the start of fractionated daily radiotherapy. Those schedules also caused some enhancement in the normal tissues, but the dose-effect factors for those tissues were lower than for the tumor, which was reflected in the finding of maximal therapeutic gain factors for those same schedules. There was little or no enhancement nor were the therapeutic gain factors significantly greater than 1.00 when the 2 modalities were administered more than 24 h apart. Thus, for both normal tissue toxicity and antitumor effect there is striking schedule dependence with respect to both sequence and timing of these 2 modalities. This is of major relevance in clinical treatment planning.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1988

Four new human germ cell tumor cell lines.

Four new human tumor cell lines, NCC-EC-1, NCC-EC-2, NCC-EC-3, and NCC-IT, were derived from different germ cell tumors established in vitro. On the basis of morphologic studies of cell cultures and nude mice xenografts, it was concluded that NCC-EC-1, and NCC-EC-2 cell lines are equivalent to developmentally nullipotent embryonal carcinoma; cell line NCC-EC-3 showed trophoblastic differentiation, whereas the NCC-IT cell line was composed of developmentally pluripotent cells capable of somatic and extraembryonic differentiation. Nude mouse-xenografts of NCC-IT contained foci of embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, immature somatic tissues, and trophoblastic giant cells indicating that this cell line is indeed developmentally pluripotent. We conclude that human embryonal carcinoma cell lines may be developmentally nullipotent, show restricted capacity for differentiation, or be developmentally pluripotent.

Animals↗