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Biomedical subjects

H Kanai

Publications and source records attributed to H Kanai.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Spontaneous subcapital femoral neck fracture complicating a healed intertrochanteric fracture.

A spontaneous subcapital femoral neck fracture is an uncommon complication of a healed intertrochanteric hip fracture. To determine the etiology of this complication, 274 patients who had been treated for intertrochanteric hip fractures were followed up over an 8-year period from June 1988 to June 1996. We found 7 fractures of the subcapital femoral neck without a history of a trauma. The remaining 267 patients were defined as the control group. All seven patients with fractures of the subcapital femoral neck were women, and their average age at the time of compression hip screw (CHS) fixation was 83 years (range 74-92 years). The subcapital fractures occurred between 4 and 36 months after CHS fixation. The difference in the Singh index between the patient and control groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). However, with regard to the position of the screw, spinal score, age, ambulatory ability, height, weight, and intertrochanteric fracture type (Jensen type), the differences between the patient and control groups were not statistically significant. Based on our findings, we conclude that a high grade of osteoporosis is the most important predisposing factor in the spontaneous development of a subcapital femoral neck fracture after a healed intertrochanteric hip fracture.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Rotational acetabular osteotomy for the treatment of dysplastic hips with end-stage osteoarthrosis--a biological alternative to total hip arthroplasty?

We evaluated the results of rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) for the treatment of dysplastic hips with end-stage osteoarthrosis. Sixteen patients, aged 15-45 years at the time of surgery, were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 8 years (range 3-17 years). Remodeling of the hip joint occurred in half of the patients, with significant clinical improvement. A subsequent total hip arthroplasty, however, was done within 2 years after RAO in two other patients who had had large bone cysts in the femoral head and acetabulum. We suggest that RAO may be the procedure of choice for selected young patients, especially teenage patients, to postpone total hip arthroplasty.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1999

Study of the cause of the temperature rise at the muscle-bone interface during ultrasound hyperthermia.

Undesirable temperature rise at the muscle-bone interface has been one of the major problems during ultrasound hyperthermia treatment. In this study, we examined by both computer calculation and phantom experiment the cause of this problem. Ultrasound penetrates a bone in two different waveforms, longitudinal and transversal. The transmission coefficient of these two waves vary greatly with the incident angle. From both theoretical and experimental results, the incident angle dependency of the interface heat was confirmed. When the incident angle is less than the critical angle of the longitudinal wave, the main cause of the temperature elevation is the absorption of the longitudinal wave in the bone. When the incident angle is larger than the critical angle of the longitudinal wave, the transversal wave becomes the major cause of the heat generation. At the incident angles larger than the critical angle of the transversal wave, no temperature rise is produced by the absorption of the ultrasound at the bone; the incident longitudinal wave, strengthened by the reflected wave, is absorbed in the muscle just in front of the bone. The heat generated in the muscle is transported to the interface so that the temperature of the interface and bone increases slightly.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1999

Adenovirus strains of subgenus D associated with nosocomial infection as new etiological agents of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in Japan.

Adenovirus strains of a new type were isolated from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. They were not completely neutralized by any antiserum against adenovirus prototypes. PCR followed by restriction endonuclease analysis demonstrated that they were type 8. PCR followed by sequencing revealed a high homology rate between them and type 9.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1999

The increase of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and cytokine levels in synovial fluid of elderly rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

We simultaneously measured the concentrations of parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) and cytokines in synovial fluid (SF) to clarify the relationship between PTHrP and cytokine network in the SF of elderly patients with arthritis. SF was collected from knee joints of five RA patients aged 66+/-11 years old and nine osteoarthritis (OA) patients aged 80+/-9 years old. PTHrP in SF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in SF were all measured by ELISA. The PTHrP levels in the SF of RA patients (2.56+/-0.89 pmol/l) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of OA patients (1.66+/-0.17 pmol/l). TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2 and IL-6 concentrations in SF of RA were also significantly higher than those in SF of OA (TNF-alpha 22.5+/-14.8 vs 4.8+/-3.0 pg/ml, p<0.01; IL-1beta 11.8+/-11.4 vs 1.4+/-1.3, p<0.05; IL-2 59.9+/-46.6 vs 12.5+/-8.0 pg/ml, p<0.05; IL-6 18424+/-8901 vs 3547+/-2948 pg/ml, p<0.01). The concentrations of IL-4 and IL-8 in SF of RA were similar to those of OA. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of immunoreactive PTHrP in synovial fibroblasts from RA and OA. Among cytokines, only IL-6 was positively correlated with PTHrP levels in SF (r=0.685, p<0.01). In the culture of synovial cells from RA and OA, PTHrP was produced in RA more than OA after phorbol 12-mysistate 13-acetate (TPA) stimulation. These results indicate that PTHrP and cytokines, especially IL-6, might be involved in the inflammatory processes of elderly RA and OA. This is the first study in which PTHrP and cytokine levels were simultaneously examined in synovial fluid of elderly RA and OA.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Genome analysis with restriction endonucleases recognizing 4- or 5-base pair sequences of adenovirus type 4].

PURPOSE: To ascertain the chronological change of subgenome types of adenovirus type 4 (Ad 4) through DNA analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated sixteen Ad 4 strains from patients with acute viral conjunctivitis at four eye clinics in Sapporo, northern Japan. Seven strains were obtained from December 1993 through March 1994 (first period). Nine strains were obtained from March through May in 1995 (second period). These strains were analysed using DNA restriction endonucleases recognizing 4- or 5-base-pair sequences, Taq I and Hin f I. RESULTS: The genome type of sixteen strains was Ad 4 a. Seven strains in the first period showed the same subgenome type. Nine strains in the second period showed two subgenome types: five strains showing the same subgenome type as in the first period, and four showing a different subgenome type. The two subgenome types were similar in DNA pattern, suggesting that both were derivatives of a common subgenome type. All the sixteen strains were a new subgenome type which was different from those previously isolated during 1985-1989. CONCLUSION: The subgenome types of Ad 4 in 1993-1995 have changed from those in 1985-1989.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1998

Non-invasive estimation of human left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

Sato et al. (Electronic Letters 32, 949-950, 1996) reported that one can obtain a non-invasive estimate of left ventricular (LV) pressure at around end-diastole in an isolated canine preparation. In this study we examined whether this method can be applied to humans. Using the method proposed by Kanai et al. (IEEE. Trans. UFFC, 43, 791-810,1996), we detected small amplitude LV vibration from an ultrasonic pulse Doppler signal reflected from the interventricular septum in five patients (44-63 y.o., male;4, female;1). We measured the oscillation frequency of the LV wall through the wavelet transform of small amplitude LV vibration, and calculated LV pressure at around end-diastole from the values of oscillation frequency, internal radius and wall thickness using Mirsky's equation. The estimated LV pressures at around end-diastole were similar to end-diastolic pressure measured directly by cardiac catheterization. These results show the possibility that this method allows for the non-invasive estimate of LV pressure at around end-diastole, and furthermore provides the basis for future clinical applicability of this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

An unusual course of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia.

A case is reported of idiopathic CD4+T lymphocytopenia with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cervical lymph node tuberculosis. A 57 year old Japanese man presented with cervical lymphadenopathy and progressive neurological deficits, and six months later he developed akinetic mutism. He had a persistent severely depressed number of circulating CD4+T lymphocytes in the absence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. T1 weighted MRI showed a diffuse decreased signal intensity limited to the white matter without mass effect. A brain biopsy specimen had a morphology similar to that of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Polyomavirus antigen was detected in the brain lesion, and viral DNA was identified in nucleated blood cells and urine. Unusually this serious medical condition has lasted for more than three years without remission. To our knowledge this is the first patient with CD4+T lymphocytopenia with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, suggesting that similar opportunistic infections should be considered even in previously normal people.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1998

A serpin gene cluster on human chromosome 6p25 contains PI6, PI9 and ELANH2 which have a common structure almost identical to the 18q21 ovalbumin serpin genes.

The human genes encoding the "ovalbumin" subgroup of closely related serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) are located at 18q21.3 and 6p25. Those at 6p25 include proteinase inhibitor 6 (PI-6; gene symbol PI6), proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI-9; gene symbol PI9) and monocyte neutrophil elastase inhibitor (M/NEI; gene symbol ELANH2). Here we describe the fine mapping of these genes to a 200-kb region of chromosome 6 that includes the markers WI-8835 and D6S1338, and the establishment of the gene order: tel-PI6-PI9-ELANH2-cen. PI6 and ELANH2 are transcribed towards the telomere, and structural analysis shows that PI6 and PI9 are organized identically, having seven exons and six introns. PI6 and PI9 are almost identical in structure to the ovalbumin serpin genes at 18q21.3. The 18q21.3 genes have an extra exon and intron, otherwise all the other exon/intron boundaries are conserved between the two groups. These results represent the first detailed map of the chromosome 6 serpin gene cluster, and demonstrate that although they are very closely related, the 6p25 and 18q21-->q23 ovalbumin serpin genes form two structurally distinct groups. These findings do not support a previously proposed model for evolution of the clusters which invoked an inter-chromosomal duplication of the entire 6p25 group to 18q21.3.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1998

Visual disturbance by lymphocytic hypophysitis in a non-pregnant woman with systemic lupus erythematosus.

The authors present the case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed visual disturbance and amenorrhea. Though the clinical and radiological findings resembled those of pituitary adenoma, the patient was finally diagnosed as having lymphocytic hypophysitis after the operation. We briefly describe this relatively rare entity in relation to its autoimmune pathogenesis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1998

Association of cerebral venous malformation with glioblastoma--case report.

A 73-year-old male was admitted with right-sided motor weakness and presented with a rare association of incidental venous malformation in the right frontal lobe and a glioblastoma in the left frontal lobe. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging failed to demonstrate typical appearance of venous malformation and showed atypical findings surrounding the suspected vascular lesion. Angiography was needed to obtain the diagnosis of venous malformation. The patient underwent subtotal resection of the glioblastoma and received radiation therapy. The venous malformation was followed up conservatively because it was asymptomatic. Correct diagnosis of coexisting venous malformation is important for the treatment of an associated brain tumor, especially when both lesions are closely located.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Metabolism of transforming growth factor-beta in patients receiving hemodialysis especially those with renal osteodystrophy.

We evaluated the intraplatelet and plasma levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in patients with or without renal osteodystrophy (ROD) who were undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Intraplatelet and plasma levels of TGF-beta were examined before and after HD, and compared with those from healthy controls. Patients undergoing HD had significantly higher mean intraplatelet levels of TGF-beta before and after HD than did the healthy subjects (22.7 +/- 7.8 and 29.5 +/- 15.8 vs. 18.7 +/- 7.9 ng/10(5) platelets; p < .05). The mean intraplatelet and plasma levels of TGF-beta in patients after HD were significantly increased than those before HD and in healthy subjects (p < .05). Moreover, patients with ROD showed a significantly higher mean intraplatelet and plasma levels of TGF-beta than that without ROD (p < .05). To investigate the effects of TGF-beta on ROD in HD patients, we evaluated such parameters as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which reflect the lesions of ROD. The mean intraplatelet level of TGF-beta was not correlated with either para-meter. Meanwhile, no correlation was observed between the intraplatelet level of TGF-beta and the hematocrit (Hct). Similarly, no correlation was observed between the intraplatelet levels of TGF-beta and the dose of erythropoietin (EPO) administered. These findings indicate that metabolism of TGF-beta occurs during HD and overproduction of TGF-beta may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ROD.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical study on 17 cases of genitourinary tuberculosis].

Between 1987 and 1995, 17 patients with genitourinary tuberculosis were treated at Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital. The incidence of newly diagnosed genitourinary tuberculosis was 17 out of 16,363 outpatients (0.1%) during the 9-year period. Twelve patients had urinary tuberculosis and genital as well as urinary organs were affected in 5. Six (35%) patients presented in their fifties and 5 (29%) each in their forties and sixties. Nine (53%) patients had irritative voiding symptoms as the chief complaint. Only 29% had a known history of extra-genitourinaty tuberculosis. In addition to the standard multidrug chemotherapy, nephrectomy was performed in 5 patients and orchiectomy in 2 with epididymal tuberculosis. The incidence of tuberculosis has recently increased in many parts of our country and more attention should be paid to genitourinary tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Clinical-pathological varieties of gliosarcoma: report of two cases.

The authors present two tumour cases, in both of which the diagnosis of gliosarcoma was made. The two cases differ histologically, one being a tumour clearly consisting of two different parts, the other being a tumour seemingly composed of cells with multipotential differentiation. Pathological and radiological studies are shown as well as the clinical course of the cases.

Adult↗