Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Kaiser

Publications and source records attributed to H Kaiser.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Description of Cosmocerca longispicula sp. nov. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae), a parasite of a dendrobatid frog from Martinique, French Antilles.

Cosmocerca longispicula sp. nov. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae), a new cosmocercid nematode discovered in the intestine of a new dendrobatid frog from Martinique, French Antilles, is described and illustrated. It is unique in possessing unusually long, well-sclerotized spicules (length, 0.294-0.300 mm; length ratio of gubernaculum and spicules, 1: 2.1-2.2), a feature that necessitates emendation of the definition for the genus Cosmocerca. C. longispicula is the first known species of Cosmocerca from the Caribbean region. A new name, C. paraguayensis nom. nov., is proposed for C. uruguayensis Moravec and Barus, 1990, a homonym to C. uruguayensis Lent and Freitas, 1948.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Trichospirura amphibiophila n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) in the frog Eleutherodactylus martinicensis from La Désirade, French Antilles.

Trichospirura amphibiophila n. sp. (Nematoda) is described from the abdominal cavity (encapsulated near the liver) of the frog Eleutherodactylus martinicensis (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the island of La Désirade in the French Antilles. It is characterized by the length of its spicules (459 microns and 90 microns) and their length ratio (1:5), by the presence of deirids and 7 pairs of caudal papillae in the male (2 preanal and 5 postanal), and by the site of localization (abdominal cavity) in the host. Trichospirura amphibiophila is the first known species of the genus parasitizing amphibians.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Ropivacaine 1% versus bupivacaine 0.75% without a vasoconstrictor. A comparative study of epidural anesthesia in orthopedic surgery].

The long-acting local anaesthetic agent ropivacaine, S(-)-1-propyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidid, is characterised by lower lipid solubility and lower cardiotoxicity compared with bupivacaine. This study was designed to evaluate its clinical efficacy and motor blocking properties when using lower volumes and higher concentrations of both plain substances. METHODS. In a randomised, double-blind study plain ropivacaine (ro) 1% (150 mg) and bupivacaine (bu) 0.75% (112.5 mg) were compared in 44 patients. In the lateral position, epidural anaesthesia was performed at L2/3 or L3/4 using the loss-of-resistance technique. A test dose of 3 ml was given followed by 12 ml (total volume 15 ml). Sensory blockade was registered by the pin-prick method after 2 min at 5-min intervals up to maximal levels and after the operation at 30-min intervals. Simultaneously, the motor block was determined by means of the Bromage scale. Results are given as median values. RESULTS. The onset of analgesia was 6.0 min for both substances (L2), the time to level L5 16.0 and 17.0 min, respectively. The median maximum upper level of sensory analgesia was achieved after 24.5 min with ro (Th 5) and after 21.0 min (Th 7) with bu. The maximum durations (regression to L2) were 321.5 (ro) and 266.0 min (bu) (P < 0.05). Times for 2-segment regression were comparable at 177.5 and 176.0 min, respectively, and for 4-segment regression at 201.3 and 222.0 min. Twenty-one of the 22 patients developed a first-degree motor block (latency 15 and 12 min); 16 patients in the ro group developed a second-degree block, as did 14 in the bu group (latency 24 and 22 min). Third-degree motor block was recorded in 3 patients (latency 45 and 38 min). The duration of first-degree motor block was 233 min and 207 min, of second-degree block 150 and 155 min, and third-degree block 135 min in both groups. The mean arterial pressures and heart rates did not differ. The diastolic pressures were lower after bu (-8.3%) than after ro (-0.4%) at 30 min. No major side effects were observed. Theodrenaline and/or dihydroergotamine (1:10 diluted) was administered to 38.6% of the patients; 34.1% received atropine for the treatment of bradycardias (decrease > or = 12%) and hypotension of more than 20%. No significant differences were found in frequency of analgesia (pin-prick) between both groups. One of 22 patients in the ro group and 6 of 22 in the bu group required additional analgesics or general anaesthesia. The difference is not statistically significant, but is of clinical relevance. With 2 patients after ro and 4 patients after bu the relaxation was insufficient for good operating conditions. CONCLUSION. Ropivacaine 1% produced a longer duration of analgesia and better clinical efficacy than bupivacaine 0.75%. The clinical difference in motor blockade was not statistically significant. The Bromage scale is not representative for a substance with good analgesic effects and moderate motor blocking properties, as has been shown in sophisticated studies on ropivacaine motor blockade.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy and safety of nedocromil sodium ophthalmic solution in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

To assess the efficacy and safety of twice-daily administration of nedocromil sodium 2% ophthalmic solution, we performed a multicenter study involving 140 patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Subjects had a history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and positive results of a skin test to ragweed. The trial coincided with the peak ragweed pollen season at five treatment centers. Patients treated with nedocromil sodium had improvements in symptoms with statistically significant reductions recorded for eye itching (P less than or equal to .04), conjunctival injection (P less than or equal to .001), and overall disease severity (P less than or equal to .001) as compared to the placebo-treated group. Adverse events were minor and transient. We concluded that nedocromil sodium 2% ophthalmic solution administered twice daily is effective in relieving major symptoms associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Plasma prilocaine and mepivacaine concentrations after combined lumbosacral plexus block.

In a pharmacokinetic study of combined sciatic/3-in-1 block for lower limb surgery, the two moderate-acting local anaesthetics prilocaine and mepivacaine were compared. The mean maximum venous plasma concentrations of mepivacaine were more than twice as high as when prilocaine was used as anaesthetic (5.1 micrograms/ml vs. 2.37 micrograms/ml). When used in combination with the former, ornipressin did not reduce plasma concentrations of mepivacaine to values which were below the threshold for toxic symptoms (5-6 mg/ml). The peak plasma concentrations exceeded the threshold of 5 micrograms/ml in four of the nine patients of the mepivacaine group (maximum value 7.21 mg/ml) and in two of the nine patients of the mepivacaine+ornipressin group (maximum value 8.61 micrograms/ml).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prilocaine in lumbosacral plexus block--general efficacy and comparison of nerve stimulation amplitude.

The significance of the threshold amperage of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for the efficacy and latency of sciatic block is shown in a controlled randomized study of stimulation amplitude. In all cases the block was complete within a short time when the threshold amperage was 0.3 mA or less. Incomplete motor and sensory blocks occurred with higher stimulation amplitudes of 0.5 and 1.0 mA. In view of these results a prospective study of the clinical efficacy of 852 combined sciatic/3-in-1 blocks using prilocaine, and performed by means of peripheral nerve stimulation was carried out. No CNS or cardiovascular complications, no problems resulting from methaemoglobinaemia and, above all, no nervous lesions were observed. The limiting factor for surgery of the lower limb with this method of anaesthesia is the tolerance of the femoral tourniquet which depends mainly on the efficacy of the 3-in-1 block. Ninety-one per cent of the combined blockades were primarily successful when there was no tourniquet at all, and 87% when the tourniquet was placed on the lower leg. In the course of surgery with a femoral pneumatic tourniquet, only 55% of the blocks did not require supplement when 20 ml of 1% prilocaine was used for the 3-in-1 block, while 72% and 74% were efficacious with 30 ml and 35 ml, respectively. The efficacy of the sciatic block proved to be extremely high (> 95%), its success depending on the dosage of the local anaesthetic and correct execution of the peripheral nerve stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Double-blind study of intranasal ipratropium bromide in nonallergic perennial rhinitis.

We undertook this trial to determine whether ipratropium bromide nasal spray 0.03% (IB) reduced the nasal hypersecretion associated with nonallergic perennial rhinitis (NAPR) without causing excessive dryness or irritation of the nasal mucosa. We compared two drug doses of IB (21 micrograms and 42 micrograms per nostril) to a placebo, administered as two sprays to each nostril twice daily. The study design consisted of a 1-week screening period without treatment, a 1-week single-blind placebo period, a 4-week double-blind treatment comparison period, and a 1-week follow-up period without medication to evaluate nasal rebound. One hundred fifty-two patients were entered and 140 completed the trial. Both doses of IB reduced the severity and duration of rhinorrhea compared with placebo (P = .05 and .03, respectively). Treatment differences were noticeable during the first week of therapy, continued to widen during the second week, and then remained stable throughout the next 2 weeks. There was no evidence of nasal rebound observed during the week after treatment. The drug was well tolerated with side effects limited to infrequent nasal adverse events of nasal dryness, blood-tinged mucus, and epistaxis occurring in 2% to 6% of patients. We conclude that IB is a safe and effective therapy for control of rhinorrhea associated with NAPR.

Administration, Intranasal↗