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Biomedical subjects

H K Genant

Publications and source records attributed to H K Genant.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Applications and limitations of quantitative sacroiliac joint scintigraphy.

Evaluation of sacroiliac joint pathology by quantitative analysis of radionuclide bone scanning has been advocated as a useful technique. We have examined this technique in 61 patients and controls. The procedure was useful in detecting early sacroiliitis but was of limited value in patients with advanced sacroiliac joint findings radiographically. False positive values were found in patients with metabolic bone disease or structural abnormalities in the low back. Normative data must be determined for each laboratory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography of musculoskeletal disorders.

The utility of computed tomography (CT) in evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders was assessed in 55 selected patients. CT provided unique information leading to a correct diagnosis in 45% of cases. In 78% the extent of a lesion was more clearly defined than on conventional imaging procedures, and in the same percentage the CT findings were used to plan optimal therapy. CT was most useful in demonstrating absence of a suspected mass lesion and in defining the full extent of a lesion involving the soft tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Calcified bodies in popliteal cysts: a characteristic radiographic appearance.

Calcified bodies in popliteal cysts have a characteristic radiographic appearance which can be confirmed by arthrography. Calcified bodies may arise in the true joint due to trauma, arthropathy resulting in joint destruction, or synovial osteochondromatosis. These calcified loose bodies may pass into a popliteal cyst through posterior joint-bursal communications or can arise in a popliteal cyst by chondrometaplasia. Correct radiographic interpretation will exclude soft tissue tumors and vascular lesions as differential considerations. Management of these patients will be determined by the clinical circumstances since neither popliteal cysts nor synovial osteochondromatosis are necessarily symptomatic.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography. Its use in space-occupying lesions of the musculoskeletal system.

The value of computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of lesions of the musculoskeletal system is being determined. Illustrative cases including a lipoma of the thigh, osteochondroma of the hip, simple cyst of the ilium, recurrent liposarcoma of the lumbar spine, desmoid tumor in the gluteal region, and postoperative interspace infection of the lumbar spine are presented to indicate the potential value of this procedure in the diagnosis and planning of treatment of musculoskeletal lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Unifocal bone findings by scintigraphy. Clinical significance in patients with known primary cancer.

Preliminary findings suggest that in patients with known primary cancer, a large percentage of unifocal lesions seen on radionuclide bone scans are not metastatic. In a survey of radionuclide bone studies done on 861 consecutive patients, 30 patients with known primary cancer had solitary lesions. Adequate follow-up information was available on 21 of these 30 patients. In only four did the lesions prove to be caused by metastatic malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Direct radiographic magnification for skeletal radiology. An assessment of image quality and clinical application.

Recent advances in technology have made radiographic magnification of the skeleton clinically feasible. A new electron gun micro-focal tube combined with new high-resolution recording systems were used to perform magnification radiography which was then compared with conventional contact radiography. Quantitative evaluation included measurements of speed, contrast, resolution, and noise. Qualitative evaluation included an analysis of 215 clinical cases in which both techniques were used. The superior image quality of direct radiographic magnification is confirmed and the clinical areas in which it proved most helpful are defined.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1977

Mixed connective tissue disease: the spectrum of radiographic manifestations.

Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a serologically distinct entity defined by a ribonuclease-sensitive extractable nuclear antigen. This unusual overlap syndrome has clinical features of scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In order to define the radiographic changes in MCTD, radiographs of the hands of 17 patients were studied, utilizing a fine-detail technique. Diffuse and periarticular osteopenia were found in 8 and 10 patients, respectively; soft-tissue swelling in 11; erosive changes in 9; joint-space narrowing in 7; tuft resorption and soft-tissue atrophy in 6; and subluxations in 2. In individual cases radiographs may appear normal or exhibit features of scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, thereby mirroring the clinical diversity of this entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Intra-articular calcification in scleroderma.

Two patients with scleroderma demonstrated intra-articular calcification, which is rarely observed in this disease. The authors suggest that intra-articular calcification and erosion of adjacent cartilage and bone are related.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Magnification film mammography: image quality and clinical studies.

Direct radiographic magnification (1.5 X) of the breast with a microfocus x-ray tube was compared with conventional contact mammography. Measurements of modulation transfer functions, Wiener spectra, scattered radiation, and dosimetry permitted quantitative comparisons of resolution, noise, contrast, and patient exposure. Images of surgical specimens of the breast, and the breasts of 125 patients, were qualitatively compared. Magnification images were superior (increased resolution, reduced noise) to conventional mammography images, at the expense of increased radiation dose. Clinical study revealed that the superior magnification image is useful in distinguishing malignant from benign breast disease, in selected cases.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Subchondral pseudocysts in rheumatoid arthritis.

Subchondral cyst formation (geode) is a not uncommon manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis which may at times impede correct radiologic interpretation. Four patients with rheumatoid arthritis who demonstrated striking subarticular cystic erosive disease are described. These cases emphasize the nature and appearance of this interesting finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. II. Roentgenographic and scintigraphic evidence of bilaterality and of periarticular accentuation.

Patchy osteoporosis is the primary roentgenologic manifestation of the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS). As recent clinical and histologic data suggested articular changes in RSDS, fine-detail roentgenograms were obtained in eight consecutive patients. Juxta-articular and soft-tissue swelling, osteoporosis and erosions of the subchondral bone were found. 99mTcO4 and 99mTc-EHDP scintigraphy showed localization of nuclide predominantly in the juxta-articular tissues. Serial roentgenographic, scintigraphic and quantitative bone densitometric measurements showed changes that reflected the clinical course of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Radionuclide joint imaging.

Modern radionuclide techniques of joint imaging involve the use of either 99mTc-pertechnetate or 99mTc-phosphate compounds in conjunction with the Anger camera. In general, images obtained with both types of radiocompound are nonspecific--although increased uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate usually denotes the presence of synovitis. The most popular uses of the technique are in documenting the extent and severity of inflammatory joint disease, assessing the effect of therapy, and establishing the diagnoses of Legg-Perthes disease and septic arthritis. The method is also useful in judging the extent of involvement in osteoarthritis of the knee prior to surgical intervention. Radionuclide joint imaging is more sensitive than clinical or radiographic techniques in detecting early joint involvement but usually it must be supplemented by other techniques to establish a specific diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of image quality obtained with optical and radiographic magnification techniques in fine-detail skeletal radiography: effect of object thickness.

High-resolution radiography may be done using either optical or radiographic magnification. In the former technique, industrial Type M film was used without screens and the image was viewed with 4-10X optical magnification. In the latter technique, RP film was used with Detail screens and 4X geometric magnification together with a microfocus x-ray tube having a nominal focal spot size of 50 mum. The imaging properties of both techniques were evaluated by means of H & D curves, modulation transfer functions, and Wiener spectra. It was found that for thin objects such as the hand, optical magnification provides better bone images than radiographic magnification; whereas for thicker parts such as the knee, radiographic magnification is superior.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1976

Radionuclide imaging of the bones and joints of the hand. A definition of normal and a comparison of sensitivity using 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-diphosphonate.

Normal radionuclide patterns of the hand obtained with 99mTcO4 and 99mTc-Sn-EHDP are described and their validity supported by clinical, radiographic, and laboratory examinations performed to exclude articular disease in the control group. Comparison of the 99mTcO4 and 99mTc-Sn-EHDP images in patients with various articular diseases demonstrated higher sensitivity of 99mTc-Sn-EHDP in detection of involved joints; this was also true when the radionuclide images were compared with fine-detail radiographs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Adolescent↗