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Biomedical subjects

H Joshua

Publications and source records attributed to H Joshua.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Human lupus monoclonal autoantibodies bind to Raji cells.

Seven of 60 human monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies derived from 3 patients with SLE were shown to bind to Raji cells by radioimmunoassay. The binding of the lupus autoantibodies to the Raji cells in solution was not affected by prior incubation of the cells with DNase. Preincubation of the monoclonal autoantibodies with polynucleotides and cardiolipin, resulted in significant inhibition which correlated with the direct binding characteristics of these antibodies. Previous results with mouse IgG monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies supported by our results with human IgM anti-DNA autoantibodies suggest caution in interpreting analyses of immune complexes of sera containing anti-DNA antibodies entailing Raji cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Lack of correlation between human y-positive spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities and variations in intensity of fluorescence of sperm stained with quinacrine compounds.

Seminal fluid from 170 men was examined for acrosomal abnormalities of sperm (Papanicolaou procedure X 1000) and for y-positive cells (quinacrine-stained smears). No correlation was found between these parameters, suggesting that acrosomal abnormalities are similarly distributed among x- and y-bearing spermatozoa. The proportion of y-positive sperm was found to be low (23.6 + 10.7% (SD) for the oligozoospermic specimens and 23.7 +/- 9.8% for specimens with sperm counts above 40 million/ml). Three degrees of fluorescence intensity were observed--weak, moderate, and strong--the strong fluorescence being associated with the highest percentage of y-bodies (30.6 +/- 12.7%, 36.6 +/- 5.7%) and the weak fluorescence with the lowest (16.7 +/- 7.0%, 15.0 +/- 9.5%). It is suggested that structural abnormalities and/or metabolic alterations in either the DNA molecule or the chromosomal proteins may be responsible for variability in the ability to bind quinacrine compounds.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1985

Levan-induced glomerulitis in rabbits: a possible role for direct complement activation in situ.

Since high-molecular-weight levan is known to reduce capillary permeability to large molecules, an experiment was designed to investigate whether this agent may attenuate the glomerulonephritis associated with acute serum sickness in rabbits. The study, in fact, demonstrated an enhancing effect of levan, which caused increased glomerular proliferative changes and leucocyte infiltration and, possibly, increased IgG deposition in this experimental model. In addition, rabbits injected only with levan also demonstrated mild glomerulitis and C3 deposition. In one of four rabbits examined, this was accompanied by a marked fall in the serum level of total haemolysing complement. Levan was demonstrated to cause activation of complement when incubated with normal rabbit serum in vitro. We believe that these findings are best explained on the basis of complement activation in situ by levan in the glomeruli, probably via the alternative pathway, with the resulting inflammatory response. In the case of BSA-injected rabbits, this response is believed to be additive to that of the classical immune complex-mediated complement activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Plasma viscosity in ischemic heart disease.

Plasma viscosity was measured by the capillary method in 108 patients with ischemic heart disease. The highest value of plasma viscosity was found in 11 patients with severe unstable angina (1.66 +/- 0.068), while in 18 patients with less severe unstable angina plasma viscosity was lower (1.61 +/- 0.056; p less than 0.025). In 43 patients with acute myocardial infarction plasma viscosity was 1.53 +/- 0.10, significantly lower than in the two groups with unstable angina (p less than 0.005). In 36 patients with stable angina plasma viscosity was 1.42 +/- 0.089, similar to that found in 100 normal subjects. Plasma viscosity did not increase in 30 ischemic heart disease patients during exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. It is suggested that the elevated plasma viscosity in unstable angina demonstrated in this study compromises the oxygen delivery to the myocardium and coronary blood flow and therefore may possibly be a factor in the pathophysiology of this syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Association of the hemophilia A carrier state and hemorrhagic thrombocytopathy with dilatation of the platelet membrane complex.

Associations of hereditary abnormalities of the factor VIII complex and hereditary platelet disorders have previously been reported in 12 families. Another family is reported in which 6 members had a bleeding tendency and thrombocytopathy characterized by impaired platelet aggregation and dilatation of the platelet membrane complex. Apart from the platelet function abnormalities the proband had diminished levels of factor VIII clotting activity (36 U/dl) and factor VIII clotting antigen (31%) while factor VIII-related antigen and ristocetin cofactor were normal. The other affected family members had normal levels of factor VIII:C. Consequently, the proband was defined as a hemophilia A carrier manifesting also hereditary thrombocytopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Concurrent cell-mediated immunity and immediate hypersensitivity in animal model.

Drug induced allergic reactions in treated patients are sometimes accompanied by laboratory evidence of a simultaneous drug-specific humoral and cellular immunity. The relationship between the two types of immune response was studied in an experimental model. In the present studies ICR mice were sensitized with horse serum to induce an anaphylactic shock. Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) test, which is an in vitro correlate for cell-mediated immunity (CMI), was performed with the animal's lymphocytes against horse serum. A significant inhibition in the macrophage migration was observed in the sensitized mice as compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed between the migration index of the mice that suffered fatal anaphylactic shock and those with milder symptoms that survived it. The demonstration of a positive MIF in an immediate type allergic reaction does not necessarily indicate a direct involvement of the CMI system in the production of clinical manifestations, although the MIF test may be clinically useful for diagnostic purposes, even in immediate hypersensitivity cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Massive proteinuria in patients with chronic pyelonephritis.

Massive proteinuria associated with chronic pyelonephritis is reported in five patients. Two of them were known to have vesicoureteral reflux, whereas three had minor predisposing factors only. None of the patients were in severe renal failure or suffered from severe hypertension at the time of massive proteinuria. Results of histological examinations were compatible with a diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis. Electron microscopy and immunological studies did not show any primary glomerular lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Lack of suppressor T cells in renal transplant recipients and activation by aminophylline.

Immunoregulatory T-cell subsets were determined in 16 patients after renal transplantation. Suppressor and helper T lymphocytes were isolated with the aid of theophylline according to the method described by Shore et al. [1]. The system model used for assessing the function of these subsets was the local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). Lack of suppressor T cells was found in 6 out of the 16 patients, all 6 in acute steroid nonresponsive rejection crisis. Four of these patients received aminophylline per os at a dose of 1000 mg/kg per day and the T-lymphocyte subsets were retested several days afterwards. Active suppressor T cells (TS) appeared in all 4 treated patients, paralleled by disappearance of rejection crisis and a dramatic decrease of serum creatinine levels. These findings suggest that the inactivation of the immunoregulatory suppressor subset, probably by the immunosuppressive treatment, may play an important role in acute rejection and that activation of this subset of T suppressors could be of beneficial effect and prevent renal rejection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Inhibition and enhancement of macrophage migration in the presence of lymphocytes and seminal fluid of men with fertility disorders.

Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) towards autologous seminal fluid was studied in 29 infertile men, 16 of whom were also examined towards normal seminal fluid. In 10 patients, inhibition of macrophage migration was observed in the presence of 50 microgram of protein of autologous semen sonicates. Nine patients had enhanced macrophage migration in the presence of 5 microgram protein. Macrophage enhancement was more antigen dependent than the migration inhibition. In all patients seminal abnormalities were observed, being milder in the patients whose lymphocytes enhanced macrophage migration.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Suppressor, helper and immunoregulatory T cells in normal human blood as defined by theophylline sensitivity.

Two functionally distinct subpopulations of human T cells, one T suppressor and the other T-helper lymphocytes, were separated from normal donor human peripheral blood and tested for immunoregulatory properties. The separation of these two populations was performed by the aid of theophylline sensitivity as described by Shore et al. [1]. In order to assess the activity of the suppressor and helper T lymphocytes, a local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) according to the method of Shohat et al. [13] was used. These studied demonstrated that the theophylline sensitive (TS) T-suppressor cells have a suppressor effect on normal human T cells. They were further found to consist of two cell subsets, one suppressive and radiosensitive and the other radioresistant and having the ability to induce feedback help, a finding which may explain the inverse relationship found between the quantity of TS cells added and the degree of suppression obtained in the GVHR as well as the enhancement of the GVHR obtained after addition of irradiated TS cells to autologous T cells. The theophylline resistant (TR) T cells were found to have a helper action when added to autologous T cells and were radioresistant. Soluble cell-free factors from both TS and TR cells were found to mimic the function of the cells from which they were extracted.

Animals↗