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Biomedical subjects

H Jones

Publications and source records attributed to H Jones.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgery for parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia: relationship of histology to outcome.

Recent histopathologic evidence challenges the teaching that enlargement of a solitary parathyroid gland is invariably caused by an adenoma, whereas multiple gland enlargement results from hyperplasia. We have re-examined the parathyroid tissue obtained from 152 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism and compared it with their clinical outcome. Our approach was to excise enlarged glands and biopsy the remainder. In 124 patients (82%) at least three glands were biopsied or removed. The ratio of adenoma to hyperplasia was reversed by our histologic re-examination; adenomas were found in only 27 patients (25 single, two double), whereas hyperplasia was found in 117 patients (one gland, 87 patients; two glands, 16 patients; three glands, five patients; four glands, nine patients). Normal tissue only was reported in eight patients. During a 2-year follow-up, five patients (3%) developed hypocalcemia and none developed recurrent hypercalcemia. Our results indicate that a full neck exploration with removal of all enlarged glands is more important than the histologic diagnosis in planning a successful surgical strategy for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of daytime ingestion of melatonin on short-term athletic performance.

The immediate effects of ingesting melatonin in the daytime include decreased alertness and body temperature. To date, no researcher has examined whether daytime ingestion of melatonin leads to impairments in variables relevant to short-term (<10 min) athletic performance. Twelve physically active participants (mean +/- s age = 25.2 +/- 5.0 years, body mass = 81.4 +/- 12.1 kg and chronotype = 33.8 +/- 6.3 units) ingested 5 mg of melatonin or placebo at 11:45 hours in a double-blind experiment. At 13:00 and 17:00 hours, subjective alertness was measured, together with intra-aural temperature, reaction time (two-, four- and eight-choice), short-term memory recall and grip strength. Performance, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate were also recorded during a 4-km cycling time trial. At 13:00 hours, the mean +/- s intra-aural temperature was 0.49 +/- 0.79 degrees C lower after ingestion of melatonin than after placebo (p = 0.015), but this difference was not apparent at 17:00 hours. At both 13:00 and 17:00 hours, melatonin reduced (p < 0.05) alertness, short-term memory and exercise heart rate by 1.5 +/- 1.8 units, 1 +/- 1 digits and 6 +/- 9 beats.min(-1), respectively (mean +/- s). Eight-choice reaction time was also slower at both times of day after ingesting melatonin. Melatonin did not influence time trial performance or RPE (p > 0.05). The effects of 5 mg of melatonin seem more pronounced for mental rather than physical components of short-term athletic performance, although the cardiovascular responses to exercise are affected. Some effects of melatonin were apparent 5 h after ingestion when the hypothermic effects of melatonin had dissipated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diabetes educators international: third time lucky?

Three attempts have been made to establish an international diabetes educators network (1984, 1988, 1991). This paper outlines the early meetings, and reports on the most recent 1991 initiative and the recommendations of three education workshops held during the International Diabetes Federation Congress (IDF) in Washington, DC, 1991. As a result of the workshops, a Steering Committee was formed to determine a structure and funding for an international diabetes educators network, to foster international networking, to establish communication with the IDF, and to plan another workshop during the 15th IDF Congress in Kobe, Japan.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomy and paternalism: partners or rivals?

This article is concerned with the ethical relationship between autonomy and paternalism. In the health care setting both clients and professionals can be profoundly affected by the way in which this relationship is interpreted and this article sets out to explore this phenomenon. It began by offering some well established definitions of autonomy and paternalism and goes on to examine the two principles in detail as they relate to persons in good health and to those in ill health. Finally an attempt made to answer the question of whether the two concepts are in conflict or partnership.

Ethics, Nursing↗