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Biomedical subjects

H Johansson

Publications and source records attributed to H Johansson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Sensory nerve endings in the cat cruciate ligaments: a morphological investigation.

The histology of the cat anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments was studied using the modified Gairns gold chloride staining for neural elements. Ruffini endings, Pacinian corpuscles, Golgi tendon organ-like endings and free nerve endings were identified. All receptor types were most frequently found close to the tibial and femoral insertions. The results are consistent with our earlier findings that small increases in the tension of the ligaments can potently influence the fusimotor system to the muscles acting at the knee joint, and thereby participate in the regulation of their stiffness and the knee joint stability.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Fusimotor neurones can be reflexly influenced by activity in receptor afferents from the posterior cruciate ligament.

Recordings were made simultaneously from 2-4 primary muscle spindle afferents from triceps surae and/or posterior biceps and semitendinosus muscles in cats anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose. It was demonstrated that stretch of the posterior cruciate ligament of the ipsilateral knee could cause changes in dynamic and/or static sensitivity of these afferents to sinusoidal stretching. The changes were due to reflex actions of stretch/tension-sensitive receptors in the cruciate ligaments onto fusimotor neurones. It is concluded that the cruciate ligaments may play an important 'sensory' role and that they may participate, via reflex actions on the gamma-motor-muscle spindle system, in the regulation of muscular stiffness of the knee joint, and thereby of the knee joint stability.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

Clinical characteristics in sporadic and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. A nationwide study of 249 patients in Sweden from 1959 through 1981.

All patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) diagnosed in Sweden during 1959 through 1981 were recruited for study from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Among a total of 249 patients, 66 were diagnosed in 1959 through 1969 and 183 from 1970 through 1981. Apparently sporadic MTC was present in 186 patients, and familial MTC in 63. Twenty-seven patients with familial MTC were diagnosed from clinical symptoms and 36 by screening. In both the sporadic group and the symptomatic familial group, approximately 80% of the patients had palpable thyroid tumors. Lymph node metastases were present in 44% of the sporadic group and in 37% of the group with symptomatic familial MTC, and distant metastases in approximately 20% of the patients in each of these groups. The patients detected by screening differed significantly from the two groups of symptomatic cases by having a lower frequency of palpable thyroid lesions (50%), smaller tumors, and lower frequencies of cervical lymph node metastases (14%) and distant metastases (0%). Multivariate analyses revealed no significant differences between sporadic cases and symptomatic familial cases regarding tumor size or stage. Large tumors (greater than 3 cm) were more frequently accompanied by palpable cervical lymph nodes and were associated with an approximately four times higher risk of distant metastases than tumors smaller than 1 cm. Women had significantly smaller tumors and a more favorable stage distribution than age-related men.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Interaction of monoclonal antiparathyroid antibody with Ca2+ agonistic actions of Mn2+ in normal human parathyroid cells.

Effects of the monoclonal antiparathyroid antibodies G11 and E11 on Mn2+ interaction with individual normal human parathyroid cells were studied. At 0.5mM Ca2+, 3mM Mn2+ induced a rapid transient increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ [Ca2+i] followed by quenching of the fluorescence from the Ca2+ indicator fura-2 as Mn2+ entered into the cells. Whereas the antibody E11 had no effects, treatment with G11 abolished the Ca2+i transient and considerably delayed the entry of Mn2+. The results support the presence of a cation-sensitive receptor mechanism on parathyroid cells and indicate that the antibody G11 not only blocks the interaction between Ca2+ and this receptor mechanism but also that of Mn2+.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Effects of electrical and natural stimulation of skin afferents on the gamma-spindle system of the triceps surae muscle.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which skin receptors might influence the responses of primary muscle spindle afferents via reflex actions on the fusimotor system. The experiments were performed on 43 cats anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose. The alterations in fusimotor activity were assessed from changes in the responses of the muscle spindle afferents to sinusoidal stretching of their parent muscles (triceps surae and plantaris). The mean rate of firing and the modulation of the afferent response were determined. Control measurements were made in absence of any cutaneous stimulation. Tests were made (a) during physiological stimulation of skin afferents of the ipsilateral pad or of the contralateral hindlimb, or (b) during repetitive electrical stimulation of the sural nerve in the ipsilateral hindlimb, or of sural or superficial peroneal nerve in the contralateral hindlimb. Of the total number of 113 units tested with repetitive electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral sural nerve (at 20 Hz), 24.8% exhibited predominantly dynamic fusimotor reflexes, 5.3% mixed or predominantly static fusimotor reflexes. One unit studied in a preparation with intact spinal cord exhibited static reflexes at low stimulation intensities and dynamic ones at higher stimulation strengths. The remaining units (69%) were uninfluenced. When the receptor-bearing muscle was held at constant length and a train of stimuli (at 20 Hz) was applied to the ipsilateral sural nerve, the action potentials in the primary muscle spindle afferent could be stimulus-locked to the 3rd or 4th pulse in the train (and to the pulses following thereafter), with a latency of about 24 ms from the effective pulse. This 1:1 pattern of driving seemed to be mediated via static and/or dynamic fusimotor neurons. Natural stimulation influenced comparatively few units (3 of 65 units tested from the ipsilateral pad and 10 of 98 tested from the contralateral hindlimb), but when the effects were present they were quite large. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies on reflex control of fusimotor neurones from cutaneous afferents. It is suggested that the wide range of fusimotor effects from cutaneous afferent fibres observed in this study (from complete absence of any effect, via moderate excitatory and inhibitory effects, to the 'driving pattern', i.e. pulse-to-pulse response) may reflect that different gamma-motoneurones have individualized reflex profiles, and it may also indicate that groups of fusimotor neurones and spindle afferents play specific roles in different motor acts.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tamoxifen as adjuncts to surgery in early breast cancer: a summary of three randomized trials.

The paper summarizes up-dated results of three randomized adjuvant trials from the Stockholm Breast Cancer Group. The objective of all studies included an evaluation of the role of megavoltage radiation in the primary management of patients with early breast cancer. The first trial was started in 1971 and included 960 pre- and postmenopausal patients with operable disease. The study compared adjuvant radiotherapy with surgery alone. All patients were treated with a modified radical mastectomy. There was a sustained improvement of the recurrence-free survival with radiotherapy (p less than 0.001). Among node positive cases radiation reduced the frequency of both loco-regional recurrence (p less than 0.001) and distant metastasis (p less than 0.01). This observation indicates that distant dissemination in subgroups of patients can originate from uncontrolled local deposits of tumor cells, for instance in the regional lymph nodes. No adverse effect from radiation on long-term survival was observed. The second study was started in 1976 and compared postmastectomy radiation with adjuvant chemotherapy in pre- and postmenopausal high-risk patients. At a mean follow-up of 6 1/2 years there was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two treatments. However, postmenopausal patients fared better with radiotherapy (p less than 0.01). In this subgroup, radiation was more effective than adjuvant chemotherapy in reducing both distant metastases (p less than 0.01) and loco-regional recurrences (p less than 0.001). In the third trial--which only included postmenopausal patients--2 years of adjuvant tamoxifen was compared with no adjuvant endocrine treatment. The number of treatment failures was significantly reduced with tamoxifen (p less than 0.01) but there was no significant overall survival benefit. Subset analysis indicated that tamoxifen improved the recurrence-free survival among patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (p less than 0.01) but only to a level close to that achieved with radiotherapy alone. Addition of tamoxifen to radiotherapy failed to further increase the recurrence-free survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The relationship between hormone receptor content and the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen in operable breast cancer.

The relationship between hormone receptor status and the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen in early breast cancer remains controversial. This article presents the results of a randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen (40 mg daily for 2 years) versus no adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal patients. During 1976 to 1984, 1,407 patients were included in the study. Of these, 427 (30%) had high-risk tumors (pN + or pT greater than 30 mm) and were included in a concurrent randomized comparison of postoperative radiotherapy versus adjuvant polychemotherapy. The mean follow-up time was 61/2 years. Tamoxifen improved the recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P less than .01), but the overall survival difference in favor of the tamoxifen-allocated patients was not significant. Data on estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) content were available in 750 patients. Their mean follow-up time was 41/2 years. The effect of tamoxifen was significantly related to ER level (P less than .01). No benefit with tamoxifen was observed among ER-negative patients. The relation to PgR level was of borderline significance (P = .06). Multivariate analysis indicated that most of the interaction between treatment and receptor content was explained by the interaction with ER (P less than .01). The PgR status appeared to modify the effect of tamoxifen among the ER-positive patients and the greatest effect was observed among patients who were positive for both receptors. However, the additional predictive information provided by the PgR assay did not help to identify an unresponsive subgroup of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Tissue calcium in uraemia.

The content of calcium in the thoracic aorta, the heart and the kidney was determined in rats with moderate renal failure treated with 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1.25-DHCC) 100 ng/kg/day and Verapamil 20 mg/kg/day. In the aorta the content of calcium was significantly increased in uraemic rats and this increase was significantly augmented after administration of 1.25-DHCC. In the kidney no increase in calcium was seen in rats with uraemia, but treatment with 1.25-DHCC increased the calcium content significantly. This increase was not correlated to the serum calcium x phosphate product, which was almost normal. In the heart no changes in the content of calcium were observed. Verapamil did not influence the effect of 1.25-DHCC. It is concluded that administration of 1.25-DHCC per se may increase the content of calcium in the aorta and kidney in rats with moderate uraemia and possibly in this way sensitize the tissue to the development of tissue calcification.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Monoclonal B-cells in blood in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Correlation with clinical features and prognoses.

Presence of monoclonal B-cells in peripheral blood (MBCB) was studied in 132 previously untreated patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma classified according to the Kiel classification. Detection of B-cells was performed by immunofluorescence microscopy, using antibodies against immunoglobulin light chains. Thirty-six patients (27%) were found to have MBCB. In the subgroup of low grade lymphomas 25/75 (33%) and in high grade lymphomas, 11/57 (19%) had MBCB. Presence of MBCB was correlated to clinical stage and 81% of the patients with MBCB were in stage IV. Twenty-two out of 36 (61%) patients with MBCB had normal lymphocyte counts (less than 5.0 X 10(9]. MBCB indicated a less favourable prognosis, mainly due to the close association with stage IV. It was concluded that studies of MBCB by this simple method are useful in detecting 'subclinical' blood involvement and valuable in the initial staging procedure as well as in the follow-up of the patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

The effect of vitamin D treatment on decreased levels of ATP and energy charge in the thoracic aorta of uraemic rats.

The contents of ATP, ADP, AMP and calcium in the thoracic aorta were determined in rats with moderate uraemia, and in rats with the same degree of uraemia following treatment with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC). The contents of ATP, ADP and total nucleotides were decreased in the thoracic aorta in the uraemic rats but not in uraemic rats following 1,25-DHCC treatment. The content of calcium in the aorta increased substantially in uraemic rats given 1,25-DHCC. The results indicate that the development of arterial calcifications in uraemic rats following vitamin D treatment is dissociated from an impaired energy metabolism, since vitamin D may simultaneously restore impaired energy metabolism and accumulate calcium in the aortic wall.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1989

Antibiotic consumption in Sweden 1975 to 1987: changes in prescription patterns.

The antibiotic consumption in Sweden was evaluated during the period 1975 to 1987. Consumption was measured in terms of defined daily doses (DDDs), that is, the normally prescribed daily adult doses. During the study period the total consumption varied between 49 and 51 million DDD, indicating a considerable over-use of antibiotics in Sweden. In the various groups of antibiotics, considerable fluctuations were seen. The cephalosporin use increased from 477000 DDDs 1975 to 1795000 DDDs in 1987, which can be explained by an increased use of cefaclor for treatment of respiratory tract infections and by the fact that cefuroxime is the dominant injectable antibiotic in Sweden. Markedly increased usage during the study period was also seen for erythromycin and penicillinase resistant penicillins. There were no obvious medical reasons for those increases. Among the folate inhibitors, sulphonamide usage has been almost completely abandoned during the period and the sulphonamides have been replaced by pivmecillinam, trimethoprim and, lately, norfloxacin for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Reduced usage was also seen for sulphonamide/trimethoprim combinations, probably due to an increased awareness of the risk for side effects to these antibiotics. During the entire period the use of tetracyclines, and especially doxycycline, was extensive--almost 10 million DDDs in 1987. The reason for that remains unclear but there are reasons to assume that these antibiotics are prescribed too frequently.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Microfluorometric measurements of cytoplasmic calcium in chief and oxyphil parathyroid cells of adenomatous and hyperplastic glands and of normal-sized glands associated with adenomas.

The effects of extracellular calcium on the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+i) were studied by dual-wavelength microfluorometry in individual human parathyroid cells obtained from adenomatous glands and normal-sized glands associated with adenomas in hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism (HPT), as well as from enlarged glands of patients with uremia with HPT. In comparison with the normal parathyroid tissue, chief cells of the adenomatous and hyperplastic glands showed significantly lower Ca2+, and also right-shifted responses of Ca2+i to increases in the extracellular calcium concentration within the 0.5 to 3.0 mmol/L range. This pathophysiologic disturbance apparently was independent of the cell size. Oxyphil cells of nodules from the hyperplastic glands had lower Ca2+i and responded less to increments in extracellular Ca2+ than the chief cells from the surrounding parts of the same glands. Also the chief cells from the normal-sized glands associated with single adenomas exhibited a disturbance of the regulation of Ca2+i, which was less pronounced than that in the cells of the adenomas. These findings support the presence of relative calcium insensitivity of Ca2+i in chief and oxyphil parathyroid cells from adenomatous and hyperplastic glands. This derangement may also be found in all parathyroid glands of individuals with adenomatous HPT.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Kinetic evidence for cytoplasmic calcium as an inhibitory messenger in parathyroid hormone release.

A sudden change of extracellular Ca2+ from 0.5 to 3.0 mM resulted in a transient rise of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+i) followed by a sustained increase in parathyroid cells loaded with the Ca2+-indicator fura-2. The initial transient could be eliminated by increasing the Ca2+ buffering capacity of the cytoplasm. Under such conditions the rise of Ca2+i exhibited kinetics reminiscent of those for 45Ca uptake and cell depolarization. Addition of 0.5 mM Mn2+ mimicked the effect of raising the extracellular Ca2+ concentration, since there was an initial Ca2+i transient followed by a slower entry of Mn2+ into the cells. This reaction pattern was different from that of pancreatic alpha 2-cells in which there was no substantial influx of Mn2+ before depolarization with arginine. When measuring the kinetics of parathyroid hormone (PTH) release it was apparent that Ca2+ inhibition of secretion followed Ca2+i and thus became substantially delayed after eliminating the initial transient. The results support the concept of a depolarizing Ca2+ permeability in the parathyroid cell membrane which can be activated by external Ca2+, and indicate that Ca2+i is an inhibitory messenger of importance for the physiological regulation of PTH release.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Modulation of the Ca2+-sensing function of parathyroid cells in vitro and in hyperparathyroidism.

When raising the extracellular Ca2+ concentration stepwise from 0.5 to 3.0 mM, bovine parathyroid cells reacted with initial transient and sustained elevations of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+i), as well as more than 50% inhibition of parathyroid hormone (PTH) release. Human parathyroid adenoma cells and bovine cells cultured for 1 day or exposed to a low concentration of a monoclonal antiparathyroid antibody exhibited right-shifted dependencies of PTH release and Ca2+i on extracellular Ca2+ and reduced Ca2+i transients. The protein kinase C activator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) further right-shifted the dose response relationship for Ca2+ regulated Ca2+i of the adenoma cells, whereas the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7) tended to normalize it, without affecting Ca2+i of normal bovine cells. In cells from an oxyphil adenoma and a parathyroid carcinoma as well as in bovine cells cultured 4 days or exposed to a high concentration of the antiparathyroid antibody, there were no Ca2+i transients, very small increases in steady-state Ca2+i and nonsuppressible PTH release. The results suggest that reduced availability of a putative Ca2+-receptor and increased protein kinase C activity may be important factors in the decreased Ca2+ sensitivity of abnormal parathyroid cells.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1988

Changes in intravesical pressure during irrigating fluid absorption in transurethral prostatic surgery.

Continuous recording of intravesical pressure (IVP) and incremental volumetric measurements of irrigating fluid absorption were performed during 37 transurethral resections of the prostate (TUR). Absorption which resulted in concomitant dilutional changes in peripheral blood, indicating intravascular absorption, was associated with prolongation of the time required to increase the IVP. There was an inverse relation between the change in maximum IVP and the rate of irrigating fluid absorption. Absorption that did not result in concomitant dilutional changes in peripheral blood, indicating extravascular absorption, was associated with similar changes in IVP parameters but the critical pressure for absorption was lower.

Absorption↗