Artificial passenger keeps you awake at the wheel.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Johansen-Berg.
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Learning leads to neural changes often considered to be driven by 'smart' areas of the brain. A recent study of the cellular changes that underlie perceptual learning has found that plasticity in the primary visual cortex V1 is necessary for learning and the changes that correlate with learning are more complex than one might expect.
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Counter-stimulation reduces pain perception; however, the role of attention during this process is rarely discussed despite attention itself being a well known modulator of pain perception. This study investigated the effect of attentional modulation on pain perception during counter-stimulation using fMRI. Subjects received a noxious thermal stimulus together with an innocuous vibratory counter-stimulus. Subjects directed their attention towards either pain, vibration, or a neutral visual stimulus. During painful and counter-stimulation all subjects reported a reduction in pain perception when attending to counter-stimulation compared with attending to pain. Imaging data supported this behavioural finding showing reduced activity in pain processing areas (anterior cingulate, insula, thalamus). These results suggest attention plays an important part in the pain relief experienced from counter-stimulation.
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Every neuroscientist knows that emotions are as much to do with the head as the heart, but as a number of new studies show, the heart - or rather the body - and the brain are by no means independent purveyors of feeling and emotion.
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