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Biomedical subjects

H Jick

Publications and source records attributed to H Jick.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Vaginal spermicides and congenital disorders.

Among 763 liveborn infants of white women who had obtained a vaginal spermicide in the ten months before conception, the prevalence of certain major congenital anomalies was 2.2%. The prevalence of such anomalies in a comparison group of 3,902 infants was 1.0%. The difference between these groups was due to an excess of limb-reduction deformities, neoplasms, syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities, and hypospadias in the infants whose mothers are presumed to have used vaginal spermicides. Pregnancies in women who had used vaginal spermicides ended in spontaneous abortion requiring hospitalization 1.8 times more commonly than did pregnancies in those who had not. Since a well-defined syndrome among babies with congenital disorders whose mothers used spermicides was not present, these results should be considered tentative until confirmed by other data.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1981

Effects of aspirin and acetaminophen in gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Results from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program.

All patients observed in this analysis of the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program data had no known disease predisposing them to gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Major GI bleeding occurred in hospitalized patients recently exposed to ethacrynic acid (5/111; 4.5%), heparin sodium (7/575; 1.2%), corticosteroids (7/1,484; 0.5%), aspirin (6/2,081; 0.3%), and warfarin sodium (1/423; 0.2%); combinations of two or more of these drugs also resulted in substantial incidences of bleeding. The rates for minor GI bleeding in hospitalized patients varied from 8.3% for heparin to 1.6% for aspirin. In outpatients admitted because of serious GI bleeding, 14/88 (16%) had a history of heavy, regular aspirin use compared with 1,015/14,813 (6.9%) control subjects admitted for other reasons (relative risk, 2.1). No association between light regular use of aspirin and GI bleeding was noted. No association between the use of acetaminophen and GI bleeding was noted in any of the patients studied.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1981

Vasectomy and non-fatal myocardial infarction.

The incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction among 4830 vasectomised men was 0.9 cases per 1000 man-years during 24 420 man-years of observation. This was slightly lower than the rate in 24 150 non-vasectomised men, matched with a vasectomised man for calendar year of birth and duration of observation. Review of medical records for a matched sample of study subjects indicated no measurable confounding by important cardiac risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Potentiation of ampicillin skin reactions by allopurinol or hyperuricemia.

Of 4434 hospitalized medical patients who received ampicillin in the absence of allopurinol, 251 (5.9 per cent) developed a rash within 21 days of exposure. Of 252 patients who received ampicillin and allopurinol together, 35 (13.9 percent) developed a rash. The present data confirm the previously reported increase in rash frequency in patients who receive both ampicillin and allopurinol.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1981

Exogenous estrogens and breast cancer.

Rates of breast cancer at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington, a health maintenance organization, remained stable from 1972-1979 in women aged 30-44 years and in women aged 55-64 years, despite the fact that the frequency of use of estrogen-containing drugs has varied substantially. By contrast, rates of breast cancer in women aged 45-54 years appear to have fallen since 1977 in association with a substantial fall in estrogen use in women of this age group. The results are consistent with an etiologic role for current exogenous estrogen in breast cancer in middle-aged women.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acute adverse reactions attributed to allopurinol in hospitalised patients.

Of 29 524 hospitalised medical patients monitored in a drug surveillance programme 1835 (6.2%) received the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. After the exclusion of skin reactions adverse effects were attributed to this drug in 33 (1.8%) patients, the most frequent being haematological abnormalities (11 patients, 0.6%) and diarrhoea and drug fever (5 each, 0.3%). Adverse effects were dose-related. Reactions were unrelated to age, weight, reason for therapy, admission blood urea, or albumin concentrations. Acute exacerbation of gout was troublesome in 3 patients (1 in 600 exposed).

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Sedating drugs and automobile accidents leading to hospitalization.

The use of central nervous system depressant drugs among 244 people hospitalized for injuries suffered in an automobile accident was similar for drivers presumed at fault for the accident compared with other drivers and passengers. It was only slightly higher in the three groups than it was in the population at large. The absence of an important association in this population might be related to the warnings given to people filling prescriptions for these drugs.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1980

Predictors of bleeding during heparin therapy.

Among 2,656 patients receiving heparin sodium therapy, bleeding was a dose-related phenomenon that occurred most commonly among women, severely ill patients, and patients who received asprin during heparin therapy. Except for dose, factors that predisposed patients to bleeding were more strongly associated with major bleeding than with minor bleeding. Heavy alcohol drinkers were at particularly high risk for major bleeding episodes during heparinization. The seven-day cumulative risk for any bleeding was 9.1%. Risk was greatest on the third day of heparin administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Oral contraceptives and breast cancer.

The incidence of breast cancer among users and non-users of oral contraceptives (OCs) was determined at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington, a health care organization which maintains computer files of diagnoses and outpatient drug use. In women 45 years of age or younger, the incidence was nearly identical in users and non-users. In premenopausal women over 45 years of age, there was a positive association between current OC use and breast cancer, the risk ratio estimates and 90% confidence intervals being 4.0 (1.8-9.0) in women 46-50 years of age and 15.5 (5.2-46) in women 51-55 years of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Replacement estrogens and breast cancer.

The relation between replacement estrogens and breast cancer in menopausal women (age 45-64 years) was evaluated in the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Washington State, a prepaid health care organization with fully computerized information on outpatient drug use and hospital diagnoses. Little association between current estrogen use and breast cancer was noted in women with a previous hysterectomy (relative risk (RR) = 1.1; 90% confidence interval (Cl), 0.7-1.8). In women with a natural menopause there was a positive association between current estrogen use and breast cancer (RR = 3.4; 90% Cl, 2.1-5.6). This association was strong in naturally menopausal women aged 45-54 years (RR = 10.2) and weaker in the older age group (RR = 1.9).

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

The epidemic of endometrial cancer: a commentary.

Vital statistics show that a rise in incidence of endometrial cancer began in the mid-1960s on the West Coast of the United States. This rise was continuous and reached a peak in 1975. Elsewhere, incidence rates for endometrial cancer rose during the 1970s. It now seems evident that much of the rise in all areas of the country was due to replacement estrogen treatment. We estimated from data obtained from the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities-Professional Activity Study of Ann Arbor, Michigan, that over 15,000 cases of endometrial cancer were caused by replacement estrogens during the five-year period 1971--1975 alone. This represents one of the largest epidemics of serious iatrogenic disease that has ever occurred in this country. With the substantial fall in estrogen sales starting in January 1976, there has been an associated decline in the incidence rates of endometrial cancer nationwide.

Aged↗