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Biomedical subjects

H Janisch

Publications and source records attributed to H Janisch.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Diagnostic versus therapeutic second-look surgery in patients with ovarian cancer.

Between August 1982 and January 1988, 82 patient with epithelial ovarian cancer underwent second-look laparotomy. Before second-look surgery, 37 patients (45%) were in clinical complete remission. Eleven of these women who had previously received complete surgery received a diagnostic second-look operation. Whereas the clinical diagnosis of a complete response was confirmed by second-look procedure in eight of these patients, positive tumour findings were still evident in four women. The other 26 women who did not have clinical evidence of disease underwent staging second-look laparatomy to complete primary surgery. However, 11 patients revealed macroscopic evidence of tumour. In addition, the second-look operation was classified as a staging procedure in two women despite progressive disease classified preoperatively, but with negative intra-abdominal tumour findings. A therapeutic second-look laparotomy was performed in 37 patients with clinical evidence of disease to remove as much tumour as possible. Second-look laparatomy as a palliative procedure was necessary in six patients. Considering the type of second-look procedure, the 39 patients (48%) who underwent a diagnostic or staging procedure revealed a significantly longer median survival time of 62 months compared with the 43 women (52%) who underwent therapeutic or palliative second-look surgery and had a median survival of 19 months (P less than 0.0003, Log Rank Test). In patients with positive tumour findings at the time of second-look surgery, therapeutic cytoreduction was not associated with an improved survival time. We conclude that second-look surgery should be performed only in patients who are clinically free of disease to evaluate their intraperitoneal tumour status.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Wertheim radical hysterectomy 1921-1986: changes in urologic complications.

In order to assess the incidence and type of urologic complications associated with Wertheim's radical hysterectomy we studied all 154 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy at our department between 1980 and 1986. More than 2/3 of patients had stage I carcinoma of the cervix, the mean age was 46.9 years (range 27-73 years). Various intraoperative reconstructive procedures were required in 5%. A comparison with the experience of Wertheim (before 1919) and that of a subsequent time period (1952-1967) showed that while the incidence of intraoperative injury to the lower urinary tract remained stable, the incidence of postoperative fistula formation decreased significantly (from 6.4% to 0.6%), possibly due to changes in the operative technique. We conclude that Wertheim's radical hysterectomy now involves only a very low risk of injury to the bladder or to the ureter.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Comparison of vaginosonographic, transabdominal sonographic and laparoscopic follicle puncture for the retrieval of oocytes within the scope of an in vitro fertilization program].

For follicular aspiration and oocyte retrieval for in-vitro-fertilization (IVF) laparoscopy, laparotomy and different ultrasound guided methods like transvesical and transvaginal puncture can be used. Sonographically guided follicular aspiration has become more important because this procedure is less invasive. In this study we compared the results of 28 laparoscopical, 35 transabdominal and 21 transvaginal follicle puncture after successful cycle stimulation. Performing transvaginal puncture 4.7, using laparoscopy 3.4 and performing transvesical puncture 2.0 oocytes per attempt were retrieved. The advantages of transvaginal follicle aspiration were a shorter operation time, a superficial anesthesia and compared to laparoscopy a less invasive and simple technique. Therefore this method is now commonly used for routine IVF procedures in our institution.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between the steroid and prolactin concentration in follicular fluid and the maturation and fertilization of human oocytes.

Seventy-eight follicles and their follicular fluid were aspirated from 46 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures after stimulation of the ovaries with a low-dose human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation regimen. The concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and prolactin (PRL) were measured in follicular fluid and related to the maturation of the oocyte-corona-cumulus complex (OCCC) and the fertilization of oocytes. Follicles containing mature oocytes had significantly higher follicular fluid E2 and P levels than follicles with intermediate and immature oocytes. A constant decrease in PRL and T values with advancing follicular maturation was observed. Similar results were obtained when the fertilizing ability of the oocytes was examined. The gradual decline in follicular fluid PRL and T levels during follicular development was connected with increasing E2 and P biosynthesis and therefore seems to be an important precondition for normal follicular and oocyte maturation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Hormonal parameters in follicular fluid and the fertilization rate of in vitro cultured oocytes.

Oocytes and matched samples of follicular fluid were obtained from 52 preovulatory follicles aspirated laparoscopically for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Follicular fluid concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), prolactin (HPRL), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), prostaglandin E (PGE), protein content, and collagenolytic activity were measured and related to the fertilization rate of oocytes cultured in vitro. High concentrations of P and low levels of T and HPRL were associated with mature, fertilizable oocytes. Levels of PGF2 alpha, PGE, and follicular fluid protein concentrations were similar in both groups. Mean collagenolytic activity was increased in the fertilized oocytes, although no significant difference could be observed. Our data demonstrate a close association between follicular fluid steroid and HPRL concentrations and successful fertilization of oocytes.

Dinoprost↗
PubMed1987

Scalp heat flux and its relationship to scalp blood pH of the fetus.

A method for directly assessing the metabolic rate of the fetus for optimal management of labor and delivery is still being studied. Since heat, an end product of metabolism, is dissipated from the fetal surface, we measured the heat flux from the fetal scalp and related it to the pH of fetal scalp blood, a measure of metabolism. In 25 human fetuses at risk of intrapartum hypoxia, after the membranes had ruptured and the cervix dilated to greater than 3 cm, we attached a heat flux transducer, a platelet of 2.5 cm diameter and 1 mm thickness, to the fetal scalp and recorded continuously the heat flux from then until delivery. We also obtained one sample of fetal scalp blood in all patients and two such samples in 13 patients for the analysis of pH. We found a significant correlation between heat flux measured immediately before the scalp blood sampling (presampling values) and the pH of fetal scalp blood (r = 0.736; n = 18 presampling values; p less than 0.001). Out of 13 fetuses with two scalp blood samples, the changes in the scalp heat flux paralleled changes in scalp blood pH in 11. We conclude that fetal scalp heat flux is related to the metabolic condition of the fetus. Measuring scalp heat flux during labor could be developed into a noninvasive method for a continuous and more direct assessment of the fetal metabolic rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of serum prolactin on cycle stimulation and fertilization of human oocytes].

During cycle stimulation for in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) some patients develop hyperprolactinaemia. Since prolactin (PRL), being an aromatase inhibitor, can interfere with follicular fluid steroid metabolism, we examined the influence of high serum PRL levels on the endocrine response and fertilisation rate of oocytes. 33 consecutive patients stimulated by hMG/hCG for IVF were included in this study. Two groups of patients were established: Group 1 consisting of 18 patients with serum PRL levels less than or equal to 25 ng/ml, and group 2 containing 15 patients, who developed PRL levels greater than 25 ng/ml during cycle stimulation. The serum oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and PRL levels 3, 2 and 1 day before and at the day of follicle puncture were evaluated. The decrease of E2 levels at the day of oocyte retrieval was significantly steeper in group 1. The P levels 2 days before oocyte retrieval were significantly higher in group 1 indicating the onset of preovulatory luteinization. Luteinization after the hCG injection was more effective in group 1 resulting in significantly higher P levels. Fertilisation and cleavage rates were significantly higher in patients with normal PRL levels. High serum PRL levels therefore might indicate an interference in follicular and oocyte development leading to oocytes of inferior quality.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1987

[Early second-look laparoscopy following surgical sterility interventions with the CO2 laser].

10 (48%) bilateral, 5 (24%) unilateral tubostomies, 1 (5%) unilateral and 1 (5%) bilateral fimbrioplastic were performed in 21 sterility patients. 21 female sterility patients underwent short-interval second-look-laparoscopy 8 days after reconstructive surgery (salpingostomy-10 bilateral/5 unilateral, fimbrioplasty-1 bilateral/1 unilateral, adhaesiolysis--16 bilateral/3 uni-lateral). The occurrence of postoperative adhesions was judged by the use of an adhesions-score. Compared to fertility surgery the initial median adhesion-score significantly decreased (p less than 0.0003--Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test). A further reduction of the median adhesions-score could be achieved by short-interval-second-look-laparoscopy (p less than 0.0001). Within an observation time of 11 +/- 3.8 months one (5%) ectopic and 4 intrauterine pregnancies (19%) were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Intrauterine pregnancy following intratubal gamete transfer--a case report].

Since the beginning of 1986 gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) has been used in the treatment of infertile couples. Only patients in whom tubal patency has been ascertained are included in the programme. After hormonal stimulation of the ovaries and laparoscopic follicular aspiration oocytes and semen are transferred by means of catheterisation into the fallopian tubes. The first pregnancy in our department established by gamete intrafallopian transfer--and the first in Austria to our knowledge--is reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Experiences with an organ-saving and adjuvant-therapy concept in stage 1 breast cancers after 6 years of use within the scope of a controlled clinical study].

Between 1979 and 1983 56 women with stage I breast cancer underwent tumorectomy plus lymphadenectomy, postoperative irradiation and adjuvant antioestrogen therapy in cases of hormone receptor positive tumours. All patients with hormone receptor negative tumours received 6 cycles of combined CMF chemotherapy instead of antioestrogen therapy. It was possible to complete optimal dosage of CMF or tamoxifen in more than 85% of our patients. Leukopenia occurred in only 3 patients given chemotherapy, whilst intolerable gastrointestinal side effects occurred in 4 patients given antioestrogen therapy. No interference was detected between irradiation and chemo- or hormone therapy and no serious local complications with functional impairment were registered. 23% of the women had positive axillary nodes at the time of operation. The preoperative staging proved incorrect in 16% of cases, the tumour size exceeding 2 cm. After a mean follow-up period of 36 months the local recurrence rate was 3.6% and distant metastases appeared in 9% of patients, whereby there was a significant dependence on lymph node status. No patient died of cancer during the observation period. In view of the hypothesis that breast cancer is a systemic disease more attention should be paid to local cosmetic results and to systemic adjuvant therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Endosonographic staging of carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The advantages of a new endosonic technique for staging carcinoma of the cervix are demonstrated. Using this method virtually all palpable findings can be objectified, and in most cases, assessing the size of the tumor inside the cervix seems to allow further differentiation in stage Ib. By imaging the parametrium, rectal sonography provides an important diagnostic aid for making the differentiation between stages Ib, IIb and IIIb. For assessment of the extent of vaginal infiltration, rectal ultrasound diagnosis and in particular vaginosonography can be used. Rectal and especially transurethral sonography are useful for detecting an infiltration of the bladder wall and for further evaluation of cystoscopically visible vesiculated oedema.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Pregnancy-specific parameters in early pregnancies after in vitro fertilization: prediction of the course of pregnancy.

The plasma concentrations of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), pregnancy-specific glycoprotein, and progesterone were measured in 37 pregnancies after in vitro fertilization. Twenty-one pregnancies ended with delivery, 9 as clinical abortions, and 7 as biochemical abortions. To predict the pregnancy outcome as early as possible, we designed a prediction graph by calculating a "cutoff line" using discriminant analysis and prediction bands up to 95% probability. This prediction graph can help in the estimation of the probability of pregnancy outcome with satisfactory reliability by determination of beta-hCG only.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗