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Biomedical subjects

H Jalanko

Publications and source records attributed to H Jalanko.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Tumour marker CA 125 in patients with digestive tract malignancies.

The serum levels of tumour marker CA 125 were measured in 162 patients with various digestive tract malignancies and in 155 patients with benign digestive tract diseases. The highest frequency of elevated CA 125 values (greater than 35 U ml-1) was found in patients with liver cancer (78%), but the level was equally often elevated in liver cirrhosis (78%). Two-thirds of the patients with biliary tract cancer had an increased CA 125 concentration, while four patients with benign biliary diseases had an elevated value. The serum level of CA 125 was elevated in only 20% of 60 patients with primary colorectal cancer, and in none of those with local disease (Dukes A or B). The CA 125 concentration seldom increased in patients with recurrent colorectal carcinoma. Twenty-three per cent of 44 patients with gastric cancer had an elevated CA 125 value. Two of 33 patients with benign colorectal and one of 68 patients with benign gastric diseases had an increased CA 125 concentration. The serum values of CA 125 showed no correlation with those of tumour markers alphafetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or CA 19-9. AFP was superior to the other markers in the diagnosis of liver diseases, while CA 19-9 showed the greatest accuracy in gastric diseases. In colorectal diseases, CEA had a higher sensitivity, but a lower specificity than CA 125 and CA 19-9. CA 125 and CA 19-9 had similar sensitivities for biliary tract cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1991

Characteristics and outcome of acute infection with hepatitis B virus in children with cancer.

After an outbreak of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a unit of pediatric oncology, the clinical outcome and HBV markers were followed in 1 child with chronic and 10 children with acute HBV infection for 12 months. Four children had acute hepatitis with jaundice whereas 7 of the infections were subclinical. Ten children had antecedent malignancies and 1 had aplastic anemia. Four patients died of causes unrelated to the hepatitis after periods of 2, 4, 8 and 10 months. All 3 children who were not immunosuppressed at the time of contracting the HBV infection quickly turned negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), whereas only 2 of 8 patients who were immunosuppressed by chemotherapy eventually became HBsAg-negative. The latter 8 patients were also hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive. Two of them quickly cleared HBeAg, but 6 remained HBeAg-positive throughout the follow-up. In 6 of 9 patients HBsAg was also detected in saliva. These results suggest that children who are receiving anticancer chemotherapy have an increased risk of remaining HBeAg-positive and secreting HBsAg and possibly HBV in their saliva, which makes them particularly infective.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the monitoring of liver allografts. Different cellular findings during rejection and cytomegalovirus infection.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsies were used for clinical monitoring of liver allografts; 21 patients with an inflammatory episode of acute rejection (12.0 +/- 3.3 CIU at the peak) were studied; all episodes were reversible. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted mainly of lymphoid cells, including lymphoid blasts, with increased numbers of class II and IL-2-receptor expressing lymphocytes. No lymphoid activation was seen in corresponding blood specimens. A rapid response to antirejection therapy with high-dose steroids was recorded by FNAB. Another group of 7 recipients without rejection developed a severe CMV disease. The CMV disease was associated with mild inflammation in the FNAB (3.2 +/- 0.9 CIU at the peak), but fewer blast cells and activated cell types were recorded in the graft, and blast cells and lymphocyte activation were seen in the blood specimens, as well. The inflammation disappeared from the FNABs during successful antiviral treatment. The cellular findings of rejection and CMV infection were significantly different, and the presence or absence of rejection could be firmly established by FNAB.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1987

Serum CA 50 as a tumor marker in pancreatic cancer: a comparison with CA 19-9.

CA 50 is a new tumor marker based on a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against a human colorectal carcinoma cell line. The CA 50 antigen is similar, but not identical, to the tumor marker CA 19-9. The serum concentrations of CA 50 were measured by an immunoradiometric assay (CA 50 IRMA) in 95 patients with pancreatic cancer and in 94 patients with benign pancreatic, biliary and hepatocellular diseases. The CA 50 concentration was above the cut-off limit of 17 U/ml in 71% of the patients with pancreatic cancer. Elevated CA 50 levels were also seen in 29% of the patients with benign diseases (up to 250 U/ml), especially in patients with extra-hepatic cholestasis (34%) and hepatocellular jaundice (46%). The results of the immunoradiometric assay were compared to those of the commercially available CA 50 RIA inhibition test. The sensitivities of the two CA 50 assays for pancreatic cancer were similar, but the specificity of the IRMA assay was higher. The CA 50 and CA 19-9 values showed a strong positive correlation and the assay parameters of the tests were almost similar. CA 50 seems a promising tumor marker in the detection and follow-up of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of CA-50, a new tumour marker, with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in patients with gastrointestinal diseases.

Serum levels were determined in 434 patients with benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases and compared with the serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The highest proportion of elevated CA-50 levels (greater than 17 U ml-1) was found in patients with pancreatic cancer (73%). High levels were mainly associated with advanced cancer, but also half of the patients with a resectable pancreatic tumour had an increased CA-50 concentration. The CA-50 level was elevated in 37-58% of patients with colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular and biliary tract cancers. In all gastrointestinal cancers, CA-50 gave additional information compared with CEA and AFP, except in hepatocellular carcinoma where AFP was the best marker.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor from human amniotic fluid and fetal and neonatal urine: concentrations and physicochemical characterization.

The levels and physicochemical properties of the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, also known as Kazal type trypsin inhibitor, were studied in human amniotic fluid. In the second trimester, the median concentration was 160 ng/ml, which exceeds the maternal serum levels 20-fold. Towards term, the amniotic fluid levels declined about 5-fold, whereas the maternal serum values remained constant. In fetal urine, the concentration of the trypsin inhibitor was similar to that in amniotic fluid in early gestation, whereas in newborn urine, the median level was 4-to 5-fold higher than in term amniotic fluid. The physiochemical characteristics of the trypsin inhibitor in amniotic fluid, neonatal urine and cancer urine from an ovarian cancer patient were similar, as studied by gel filtration, high performance reverse phase liquid chromatography, and complete immunological identity in immunodiffusion. The physicochemical similarity and levels in various compartments suggest fetal contribution to amniotic fluid levels of the trypsin inhibitor.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of CA 19-9 as a serum tumour marker in pancreatic cancer.

Serum concentrations of the CA 19-9 antigen were determined in 91 patients with pancreatic cancer and in 111 patients with benign pancreatic, biliary and hepatocellular diseases. The CA 19-9 concentration was above the cut-off limit (37 U ml-1) in 78% of the patients with pancreatic cancer and high levels (greater than 500 U ml-1) were seen in 56% of these patients. Elevated levels were also seen in benign diseases (22%), especially in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis (up to 440 U ml-1). Hepatocellular jaundice and pancreatitis were associated with normal values (84% of the patients), or with only slightly elevated CA 19-9 levels (up to 88 U ml-1). The CA 19-9 test can be useful as an additional diagnostic tool for the detection of pancreatic cancer. Preliminary results suggest that the CA 19-9 assay can be used in the monitoring of surgically treated patients.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Tumour markers in pancreatic cancer.

The serum levels of three new tumour markers defined by monoclonal antibodies, CA 19-9, CA 50 and CA 125, were analysed and compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in samples from 91 patients with pancreatic cancer and from 111 patients with benign pancreatic, biliary tract and hepatocellular diseases. High serum concentrations of CA 19-9 and CA 50 were found in most patients with pancreatic cancer, 78% and 72%, respectively. The serum levels of these two markers showed a positive correlation, while no other correlation was found between the markers. Benign extrahepatic cholestasis was often associated with moderately elevated CA 19-9 and CA 50 levels. The CA 125 and CEA levels were elevated in about half of the patients with pancreatic cancer. Both CA 19-9 and CA 50 seem promising in the follow-up of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and gastrointestinal cancer associated antigen CA 19-9 in bronchioloalveolar carcinomas and pulmonary adenocarcinomas.

The concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the gastrointestinal cancer associated antigen CA 19-9 were studied by radioimmunoassay in serum samples from patients with malignant and benign pulmonary tumours. Elevated levels of either markers were found in 14% of patients with malignant tumours and in none of the cases with benign lesions. Following removal of the tumour, a decline in high CA 19-9 levels was found. The advanced tumours produced the highest serum CA 19-9 concentrations but elevated values were also found in small bronchioloalveolar carcinomas and pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining for CEA and CA 19-9 was performed on routine histopathological specimens. About half of the cases of bronchioloalveolar carcinomas and pulmonary adenocarcinomas were CA 19-9 positive and about 90% were CEA positive. No correlation between intensity of tissue expression and serum levels of CA 19-9 could be demonstrated. However, the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas and pulmonary adenocarcinomas which produced high serum levels of CA 19-9 also stained positively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Zinc and alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid from early pregnancies with fetal malformations.

Zinc and alpha-fetoprotein concentrations were quantitated in second-trimester amniotic fluid from 111 normal pregnancies and 29 pregnancies with various fetal malformations. The zinc level varied between 0.3 and 4.0 mumol/L (median 1.3) in the normal samples and between 1.8 and 17.9 mumol/L (median 5.0) in cases with malformations. The level was above 2.5 times the normal median in 23 of the 29 (79%) gestations with the malformations. Amniotic fluid zinc and alpha-fetoprotein levels showed a positive correlation (r = 0.78), and the alpha-fetoprotein level was elevated in all gestations with fetal disorders and elevated zinc levels, as well as in five of the six cases with fetal defects but normal zinc concentrations. The elevation of zinc was more marked than that of alpha-fetoprotein in three cases of fetal malformations. Five samples were false positive on alpha-fetoprotein assay but contained normal zinc levels. Removal of alpha-fetoprotein from amniotic fluid had no effect on the zinc concentration, indicating that zinc is not bound to amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Particulate fraction in amniotic fluid at second trimester.

Amniotic fluid at 15-20 weeks contains high concentrations of microvillar enzymes which serve as markers for the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. We found that these enzymes were mostly bound to amniotic fluid particulate fraction which eluted in the void volume on Sepharose 6B chromatography and precipitated in ultracentrifugation at 100,000g. Electron microscopy showed that the particulate fraction comprised membrane fragments and small vesicles. It represented less than 1% of the total protein in cell free amniotic fluid. Sorbitol gradient centrifugation showed heterogeneity in the particulate fraction. The enzyme patterns of amniotic fluid and meconium particulate fractions resembled each other. Antiserum against particulate fraction in amniotic fluid strongly reacted with early meconium and fetal small intestine in immunodiffusion, enzyme immunoassay, and staining with immunoperoxidase. The results suggest that most of the enzyme rich particulate fraction in early amniotic fluid originates in the fetal intestine.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of CA 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the serum of patients with colorectal diseases.

The serum levels of CA 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were determined in 37 patients with benign colorectal diseases and in 111 patients with newly discovered colorectal carcinomas or clinically verified relapses. In cancer patients, the CA 19-9 level ranged from normal (0-37 U ml-1) to 77,500 U ml-1 whereas all samples but one from patients with benign colorectal diseases had a normal value. CA 19-9 was increased in 46% and 45% of patients with an advanced (Dukes C or D) carcinoma or a verified recidive, respectively. Only one out of 26 patients (4%) with a localized (Dukes A or B) carcinoma displayed an elevated CA 19-9 level (greater than 37 U ml-1). No clear correlation was found between the CA 19-9 and CEA levels. The sensitivity of the CA 19-9 test (36%) was poorer than that of the CEA assay (69%), but the new test was markedly more specific (97% vs 70%) than the CEA assay.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of a new tumour marker, CA 19-9, with alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases.

Serum CA 19-9 antigen concentrations were measured in 246 patients with benign and histologically confirmed malignant gastrointestinal diseases. The CA 19-9 concentration was above the upper limit of the normal range (0-37 U/ml) in 76% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 73% of patients with cholangiocarcinoma, 42% of patients with gastric carcinoma, and 22% of patients with hepatoma. High CA 19-9 concentrations were found mainly in patients with a metastasised cancer, whereas 71% of patients with a localised carcinoma had normal CA 19-9 concentrations. All of the patients with benign gastric diseases had normal CA 19-9 values. Moderately increased concentrations were found in 15-36% of the patients with benign pancreatic, liver, and biliary tract diseases. alpha-fetoprotein was a better marker for hepatomas than CA 19-9. CA 19-9 was better than carcinoembryonic antigen in differentiating malignant from benign diseases. The results indicate that the CA 19-9 assay is not completely specific for cancer but serves as a valuable adjunct, especially in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗