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Biomedical subjects

H Jacobson

Publications and source records attributed to H Jacobson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[The tobacco industry's internal documents and smoking prevention in Spain].

A 1998 agreement between several states in the USA and the tobacco industry made millions of pages of internal documents available to the public. Many of these documents contain information that the industry would have preferred to keep confidential. Systematic review of these internal documents constitutes a valuable resource for international tobacco control, since they are available on the Internet and can be accessed from anywhere in the world. These documents provide relevant and useful information to antismoking activists and researchers. To facilitate their use, the present article presents the electronic archives of the tobacco industry's documents, describes methods for conducting searches, and identifies the documents with information on the industry's tactics for manipulating Spanish politics and society for its own commercial interests during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Aqueous flare in patients with monocular iris atrophy and uveitis. A laser flare and iris angiography study.

PURPOSE: To study aqueous flare longitudinally in patients with Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis (FHU) and for comparison in another group with iris atrophy (non FHU). METHODS: A new laser flare meter was used. Iris angiography was performed in most FHU patients. RESULTS: The flare values in the affected eyes in the FHU group were always higher compared to the normal eyes and rather constant over time. Cataract surgery did not permanently change the flare values. Systemic - but not local steroid therapy caused normalization of the flare. Iris angiography displayed leakage in all FHU eyes. Leakage from original vessels dominated although some newly-formed leaking vessels were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the notion that FHU is a low grade, chronic, stable disease. Leaking iris vessels, original or newly-formed, are probably the source of the increased flare. Our hypothesis is that inflammation plays a major part. Atrophy per se does not enhance flare.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Alcohol consumption and breast cancer: estrogen receptor status and histology.

Data from a case-control study conducted in New York State during 1982-1984 were used to evaluate the relation between alcohol consumption and estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers and alcohol and various histologic subtypes. The cases were women between 20 and 79 years of age with a diagnosis of primary breast cancer. A total of 794 estrogen receptor-positive and 358 estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cases were available for study. Controls (n = 1,617) were selected from driver's license files of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. Information on estrogen receptor status and histology was obtained from hospital records. The risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer was shown to increase with increasing amounts of alcohol consumption in grams per day (odds ratio (OR) = 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-1.57) for < 1.5 g/day, 1.28 (95% CI 0.91-1.80) for 1.5-4.9 g/day, 1.28 (95% CI 0.96-1.70) for 5.0-14.9 g/day, and 1.35 (95% CI 0.99-1.85) for > or = 15.0 g/day). There was no relation between alcohol consumption and estrogen receptor-negative tumors (OR = 0.92 (95% CI 0.62-1.36) for < 1.5 g/day, 1.19 (95% CI 0.77-1.83) for 1.5-4.9 g/day, 0.94 (95% CI 0.64-1.35) for 5.0-14.9 g/day, and 1.05 (95% CI 0.70-1.59) for > or = 15.0 g/day). The risk for each of the histologic subtypes studied increased with increasing daily alcohol consumption. These findings suggest that alcohol may only increase a woman's risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Protecting the back during pregnancy.

Although pregnancy is a healthy condition, anatomical changes do occur that cause poor alignment and low back pain. A pregnant worker will feel stronger and more comfortable if she maintains her pelvis in a tilted position. The occupational health nurse can instruct the pregnant worker about exercises and proper body mechanics so that she maintains good spine alignment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Arachidonic acid epoxygenase. Stereochemical analysis of the endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids of human kidney cortex.

Mass spectral and chromatographic analysis demonstrates the presence of 14,15-, 11,12- and 8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (44%, 33% and 23% of the total, respectively) in human kidney cortex. Chiral analysis of the human renal epoxyeicosatrienoic acids shows the formation of 8,9-, 11,12- and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in a 1:1, 4:1 and 2:1 ratio of antipodes, respectively. These results demonstrate the biosynthetic origin of the human kidney 11,12- and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and suggest a role for renal cytochrome P-450 in the bioactivation of endogenous pools of arachidonic acid.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMed1990

An epidemiological case-control study of breast cancer and alcohol consumption.

A case-control study of breast cancer and alcohol consumption was conducted with 1617 patients diagnosed with a primary cancer of the breast between 1982 and 1984 in 18 New York State counties. For each case, one control, matched for year of birth and county of residence, was selected from the driver's license files of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. Breast cancer risk was shown to increase as daily consumption of alcohol increased, with a risk of 1.37 (95% Cl = 1.07, 1.75) observed among women who consumed 15 or more grams of alcohol per day. Breast cancer risk did not appear to be related to the total number of years a woman drank or to be restricted to specific types of alcoholic beverages. The data suggest that this may be higher in women who began drinking at a later age. The increased risk associated with alcohol consumption, observed in the current study, persisted within strata of various breast cancer risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Reducing dietary protein intake to retard progression of diabetic nephropathy.

End-stage renal disease is a frequent complication of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have demonstrated that abnormal intrarenal hemodynamics contribute to the progression of chronic renal failure in several models of renal disease, including the diabetic rat. Restriction of dietary protein intake has been demonstrated to normalize these abnormalities and retard progression of renal failure. Limited studies in human subjects suggest a similar beneficial effect, and trials are now underway in diabetic patients with renal failure to clearly establish efficacy of this approach.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Renal microsomal cytochrome P-450 and the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid.

Arachidonic acid is oxidized by the microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases of rabbit kidney cortex and medulla to products that include W and W-1 alcohols and several epoxyacids. In vivo administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate results in a time dependent and selective induction of the arachidonic acid W/W-1 oxygenase activity of cortex and medulla microsomal fractions (145% and 220% of controls, respectively). Initial segmental analysis shows the presence of an active epoxygenase activity in the isolated rabbit pars recta and its in vitro activation by p-aminohippuric acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Smoking, body weight, and early-stage endometrial cancer.

The effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of early-stage endometrial cancer was evaluated in a population-based case-control study of women aged 40 to 69 years from upstate New York. Two hundred women with early-stage endometrial cancer diagnosed between 1979 and 1981, and 200 matched community controls were interviewed in person and asked about smoking habits and other risk factors. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decline in relative risk with increased smoking (P less than 0.05). This effect strongly modified the well-known increase in risk with body weight. Among smokers risk did not increase with body weight, whereas among nonsmokers risk increased rapidly with body weight, especially among nonsmokers in whom the peripheral conversion of androgens was the primary source of serum estrogen. Despite this apparent reduced risk for endometrial cancer, smoking remains a major health hazard for women as well as men.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Detection and measurement of alpha-fetoprotein in human breast cancer cytosol after treatment with 0.4 M potassium chloride.

The mean concentration of total alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) measured in 51 primary breast cancer cytosols from postmenopausal women by radioimmunoassay after treatment with 0.4 M KCl was 87.2 IU AFP per ml. Little or no AFP was measured in these same cytosols before KCl treatment. After labeling KCl-treated human breast cancer cytosols with 125I, double immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and autoradiography revealed that radiolabeled AFP codiffused and comigrated with alpha 1 electrophoretic mobility in a manner identical to that of added carrier cord serum AFP. These results indicate that human breast cancer cytosol contains appreciable amounts of a previously undetected AFP component that was initially nonimmunoreactive but became immunoreactive and measurable after KCl treatment. No positive correlation was found between the initial estrogen receptor content and AFP concentrations measured either before or after KCl treatment of breast cancer cytosols.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Physical characterization and activity in vivo of polymorphic forms of 7-chloro-5, 11-dihydrodibenz[b, e][1, 4]oxazepine-5-carboxamide, a potential tricyclic antidepressant.

The biological availability in dogs and humans of 7-chloro-5, 11-dihydrodibenz[b,e][1,4]oxazepine-5-carboxamide, a potential antidepressant drug, was increased when the compound was administered in capsule formulations as micronized drug coated with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate or as a lyophilate with poloxamer 407. This increase with these two formulations had been predicted by dissolution tests in vitro. The lyophilized combination with poloxamer 407 was more soluble in 0.1 N HCl than was the untreated compound. Characterization of the lyophilate by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy indicated that the increase in solubility was attributable to the formation of a polymorphic from. a polymorph of the compound designated form 8, was prepared. The solubility and dissolution characteristics of the two polymorphic forms, A and B, as well as of the lyophilized combination with poloxamer 407, were determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Experience with a hospital-based weight reduction program.

A pilot project "Nutritional Service for Weight Reduction", utilizing allied health personnel, was organized by the Departments of Medicine and Dietetics at the Calgary General Hospital. Body measurements and biochemical tests were required at the beginning and end of the 12-week program. Meetings were held at which the subjects submitted their weekly food record, received counselling by nutritionists, and attended lectures on physiology, metabolism of food, nutrition and the importance of exercise. Thirty-one subjects completed the program. All lost weight, the total for the group being 197 kg. At the first follow-up meeting, 17 subjects showed further weight loss, three maintained their weight and 11 regained some weight.

Adult↗