Dental materials: 1978 literature review. Part I.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H J Wilson.
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During the period 1965-1976 44 patients at our institution underwent open repair of ruptured or lacerated Achilles tendons. Patients were evaluated as to delay to surgery, type of repair, wound complications, incidence of rerupture, symptoms, and postoperative range of motion, mobility, and strength. Average followup was 3 years. Functional results were generally good. Rerupture (2.8%) and wound complications (6.8%) were infrequent. We conclude that the benefits of surgical repair appear to outweigh the potential complications, when compared with the reported incidence of rerupture and loss of strength and endurance following conservative management of these injuries.
Thermal changes occurring during the setting of restorative materials have been measured accurately using a differential scanning calorimeter. The results were used to evaluate setting characteristics. The heat of reaction and rate of heat output may be significant in determining thermal damage to the pulp. The heat capacity is related to thermal insulation properties. These properties have been determined and their effect on the efficacy of restorative materials discussed.
The presence of thermal transitions within the working range of denture base polymers may have a drastic effect on the dimensional stability of the material. The glass transition temperatures of fifteen denture base polymers have been measured and their significance discussed. The effect of thermal contraction and polymerization contraction on dimensional stability is not fully understood at the present time. An attempt has been made to explain the dimensional changes which occur in denture bases with the aid of transition temperatures and inferred thermal contraction and polymerization contraction values.
During the period 1957 to 1976, 1,015 Jewett nails were inserted for intertrochanteric hip fractures. This is one of the largest series of intertrochanteric fractures studied at one institution using one method of treatment. Anatomic reduction was attempted in almost all cases regardless of comminution. Medial or valgus displacement was rarely carried out on purpose. The average delay to surgery was 2.1 days after admission. Most parients were on bed-chair status on the first postoperative day and began toe-touching ambulation 10 to 14 days after surgery. Routine anticoagulation was not employed. The reduction and nail placement were critical factors for fracture healing. Only 3.3% of patients with satisfactory nailings had nail-related complications, such as penetration or cutting out. Eighty-seven per cent of patients with poor nailings had these problems. Ninety-eight and seven-tenths per cent of fractures united, 1.3% went to nonunion, and necrosis was seen in 2 united fractures (0.4%).
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A method of measuring torsional shear modulus and rigidity of elastomeric impression materials has been developed and is described. In addition, the changes in viscoelastic properties of these materials during setting are discussed.
The variation of torsional shear modulus with time for several commercial elastomeric impression materials has been determined. The effects of mixing proportions and temperature on rheological properties are presented. The relevance of these properties to the actual use of these materials are discussed.
A method of measuring the elastic recovery of impression materials after the application of a strain applied at the setting time is described. The results obtained using this method for a representative selection of impression materials are presented and discussed.
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