Questionnaire measures of dream recall frequency, number of sensory qualities in dreams and emotion in dreams were correlated with several imaginal ability and personality variables in male and female college students. Absorption (i.e., subjects' degree of involvement in such activities as daydreaming, watching a movie, etc.) was the most important predictor of dream variables in females. In males sex-role orientation contrary to stereotype (i.e., femininity) was the only variable significantly related to a dream variable (i.e., frequency of dream recall). The implications of these sex differences for research on dream recall are discussed.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1980

Effects of social-physiological variables on hypnotic amnesia.

Three experiments assessed the hypothesis that suggested amnesia for a previously learned word list is a function of subjects' interpretations of the ambigous aspects of the amnesia testing situation. By manipulating preliminary instructions concerning interpretations of this situation, subjects who were unselected with respect to hypnotic susceptibility were induced to show either substantial increments or decrements in amnesia. However, subjects high on hypnotic susceptibility ignored preliminary instructions and therefore could not be induced to show decrements in amnesia. Previous findings of more amnesia in hypnotic than in task-motivated subjects were both replicated and reversed by varying subjects' interpretations of the amnesia task. Analyses on the combined data from the three experiments confirmed earlier findings that partial amnesics tend to recall list items in a relatively disorganized fashion. All of these findings are consistent with an inattention hypothesis of suggested amnesia. Theoretical implications for hypnosis research are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Hypnotic age regression and eidetic imagery: a failure to replicate.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

The elicitation of visual hallucinations via brief instructions in a normal sample.

College students tested in groups were given brief suggestions either to "see" or to "imagine" a kitten. Subjects responded twice, once with eyes open and once with eyes closed. They rated the duration, transparency, and vividness of their imagery, and also their involvement in and belief in the reality of their imaginings under both eye closure conditions. "Imagine" suggestions elicited imagery of longer duration than "see" suggestions. Although subjects reported longer, more vivid, and less transparent imagery with their eyes closed, this effect was dependent on the order of eye closure (i.e., whether the eyes closed instruction preceded or followed the eyes open instruction). The three dimensions of imagery intercorrelated, and each dimension also correlated with subjects' degree of involvement in and belief in their imaginings. A minority of subjects given both the "see" and "imagine" suggestions reported believing that their imaginings were real events during the suggestion period. Furthermore, belief in imaginings was the only variable that correlated with hypnotic susceptibility. These data indicate that hallucinations (i.e., believed-in imaginings) can be elicited from a minority of "norman" subjects with brief instructions.

Female↗

PubMed1979

Lateral eye-movements and indices of nonanalytic attending in right-handed females.

24 right-handed females were assessed on left-moving after participating in a study wherein they were presented on hypnotic susceptibility and absorption and then attended "nonanalytically" for 20 sessions. Although no significant correlations were found between left-moving and other variables, further analyses indicated a non-linear relationship between left-moving and susceptibility, absorption and self-rated "depth" of attending.

Attention↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Strength measurements of the lumbrical muscles.

This study was designed to measure the strength of the lumbrical muscles in the index and long fingers in patients with ulnar nerve paralysis. A hand-held dynamometer was used. The results show that in ulnar nerve damage the index and long fingers have a mean metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint flexion strength of 0.8 kg (range 0.3-1.5), compared with 6.4 kg (range 4.6-7.9) in the noninvolved hand. Thus, the damaged fingers have only about 12% of the strength of those of the noninvolved hand. In the hand with ulnar paralysis, the loss of intrinsic strength (dorsal and palmar interosseous muscles) is considerable (almost 90%). The contribution of the interosseous muscles in maintaining the intrinsic position is considerably greater than that of the lumbricals. Comparing the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale (0-5) with the dynamometry measurements shows that MRC grade 3 correlates with about 0.8 kg, while grade 5 correlates with about 6.5 kg of MCP joint flexion strength.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Training of muscle excursion after tendon transfer.

In tendon transfer (TT) surgery there is usually a discrepancy in excursion between the muscle(s) to be replaced and the transferred muscle(s). For example, in patients with radial palsy the pronator terres (PT) muscle is frequently used to replace the wrist extensors. However, the excursion of the PT is less than the extensor of the wrist and therefore needs to double its length to allow for full wrist movement. Questions arise about whether or not the PT will increase its fiber length after transfer for wrist extension and how therapy can positively influence usable excursion of the transferred muscle-tendon unit. Most classifications of results accept the flexion of the wrist will remain limited after TT of the PT. This article presents a patient with TT of the PT who accomplished a wrist total active range of motion (TAM) of 125 degrees (wrist extension 0-60 degrees, flexion 0-65 degrees). Based on this observation, the authors assume that the PT muscle has indeed increased its excursion after TT. The authors conclude that limited wrist excursion should not be accepted too soon, but therapists have to familiarize themselves with methods for "excursion training" and possibly change the existing methods of evaluating the results of TT of the PT.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program on temporo-mandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome.

Sixty-one patients clearly diagnosed as suffering from Temporo-Mandibular Pain and Dysfunction Syndrome (TMPDS) were randomly assigned to one of three groups, 1) hypnosis and cognitive coping skills, 2) relaxation and cognitive coping skills, or 3) a no-treatment control group. All patients were evaluated with a standard hypnotic susceptibility scale before treatment. The two treatment groups received four weekly sessions of their respective treatments. Patients in the hypnosis and relaxation groups reported equivalent decrements in pain, abnormal sounds in the temporomandibular joint, and limitations of jaw mobility. Hypnotic susceptibility was significantly correlated with reductions in reported pain for the treatment groups. Patients' age and the duration of pain before treatment were not related to treatment outcome. Patients who dropped out of treatment had fewer limitations in jaw movement but did not differ in any other variable from patients who remained in treatment. These findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that Temporo-Mandibular Pain and Dysfunction Syndrome is stress-related muscular pain and dysfunction.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychosocial problems and interventions in a referred sample of cancer patients.

Estimates of the psychosocial problems of cancer patients vary widely, depending on the nature of the assessment (e.g., psychologic testing, psychiatric interviews) and on the manner of assessment (prospective screening vs. retrospective chart reviews). This study examines the nature of psychosocial problems when these are referred by primary health care staff to a psychosocial service in a large outpatient cancer centre. Both problems and interventions were assessed for a 1-year period. These indicate a referral rate of approximately 20% of patients seen in the centre. The most frequent problem categories centered around family/significant others and personal concerns, whereas the most frequent interventions were educational, psychotherapy oriented (broadly conceived), and assessment oriented. There were differences in several problem and intervention categories on the basis of sex, age, and diagnosis. These data are discussed in terms of psychosocial assessment strategies for cancer patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Goals in rehabilitation teamwork.

'Goal setting' is used in rehabilitation team management as a tool to improve the quality of the rehabilitation process. In general, goals must be relevant, expressing what should be accomplished, positively defined, put in behavioural terms, easily and clearly understood by all the team members, attainable, allow planning, and they must be measurable. Goals should be set in terms of activities of value to the patient, to be realized in a planned timespan.

Communication↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health behaviours in a Canadian community college sample: prevalence of drug use and interrelationships among behaviours.

This study investigated the prevalence of drug use among a Canadian college sample and the covariation of drug taking and other health-related behaviours. A representative sample of students at a community college in Alberta were interviewed using telephone surveys, mail-in questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Data was collected on drug, alcohol and caffeine use, cigarette smoking, eating habits, sleep habits and exercise. While use of illicit drugs did not appear to be widespread, alcohol appeared to be a primary substance abuse problem for a minority of subjects. Factor analysis indicated that the various health habits did not form one dimension of health-related behaviours. Four separate factors emerged: abusive drinking, eating habits, a drug use factor (caffeine intake, smoking, cannabis and hallucinogen use), and exercise levels. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research, treatment and intervention.

Adolescent↗