Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H J Spjut

Publications and source records attributed to H J Spjut.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The reliability of cytopathologists' classifications of bronchial epithelial atypias from Kodachrome slides.

The accuracy of computerized cell image analysis techniques for classification of atypical cells is determined by comparing computer-generated classifications with those made by cytopathologists. This measure of accuracy depends not only on the reliability of the computer classifications but also on the reliability of the cytopathologists' classifications. This study reports on the observed reliability of cytopathologists' classifications of squamous epithelial atypias in sputum across cytopathologists and two different classification times. Results indicated the percentage agreement among cytopathologists and computerized cell image analysis techniques. It is recommended that, in the future, all analyses of computerized classification schemes by interpreted in light of the consistency of the cytopathologists' classifications.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1987

Morphometric markers for the evaluation of preneoplastic lesions in the lung. Diagnostic evaluation by high-resolution image analysis of atypical cells in sputum specimens.

A review is presented of the Baylor College of Medicine/NASA/Lyndon Johnson Space Center high-resolution image analysis system for the detection of preneoplastic lesions of the lung in sputum specimens. For each specimen, 200 cells are graded as to their Atypia Status Index (ASI), a numerical classification based on a weighted composite of morphometric markers identified in the digitized images. The ASI values, which place individual cells within categories ranging from squamous metaplastic to carcinomatous, form the basis of the Cell Atypia Profile (CAP), which reflects the overall status of the patient's bronchial epithelium and can be used to diagnose and monitor epithelial atypias. Initial studies have shown the ASI and CAP to be accurate indices, whose application in the studies of sputum of individuals at high risk for the development of lung cancer (cigarette smokers over 45 years of age and industrially exposed workers) could lead to the early detection of preneoplastic lung lesions and to effective early clinical intervention, including the cessation of smoking or the application of beta-carotone or retinoids, which reportedly arrest the progression of bronchial epithelial atypias. Computer-assisted cell image analysis of morphometric markers in cells in sputum specimens appears to be uniquely applicable for surveillance of individuals at risk for carcinoma of the lung.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1985

Lung cancer heterogeneity: a blinded and randomized study of 100 consecutive cases.

The heterogeneity of lung carcinomas was recognized in the past, but few previous studies attempted to quantitate this heterogeneity. In the present study 100 consecutive cases of lung carcinoma (65 surgical resections and 35 autopsies) were collected, and either the entire tumor or ten blocks were examined in a blinded and randomized fashion using the revised (1981) WHO classification. At least three of five panelists agreed on the major histologic type present for 94 per cent of the slides. Agreement for the diagnosis of small cell carcinomas (at least four of five observers) was 98 per cent, but only 72 per cent agreement was attained for the subtyping of small cell carcinomas (e.g., oat cell versus intermediate). Only 34 per cent of the cases were homogeneous according to the majority of the panelists. An additional 21 per cent of the cases showed minor (subtype) heterogeneity (e.g., mixtures of acinar and papillary patterns in adenocarcinoma). Forty-five per cent of the cases showed major heterogeneity, i.e., at least one slide from the case showed a major histologic type different from that of the remainder. Seven small cell carcinomas were homogeneous, whereas in eight cases mixtures of small cell and other cell types were seen. In all but one of the cases involving bronchioloalveolar cell patterns, other patterns of adenocarcinoma were present elsewhere in the tumor. In all six cases involving giant cell carcinoma patterns, adenocarcinoma patterns were also present in some sections. Heterogeneity was identified by extensive sampling of the entire tumor and was seldom recognized in biopsy specimens.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: The significance of two histopathologic types.

A review of the pathologic material from 34 patients having bronchioloalveolar carcinoma has demonstrated two histopathologic types that have a bearing on the prognosis. Type 1 is associated with gross and microscopic mucus production, and is likely to be multicentric. Type 2 has lesser amounts of mucus, and is likely to be solitary. The 5-year survival of type 1 is 26%, and that of type 2 is 72%.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1984

Clomiphene protects against osteoporosis in the mature ovariectomized rat.

Clomiphene citrate, a mixed estrogen agonist-antagonist, protects mature ovariectomized breeder rats from changes in total body calcium and from deterioration of femur structure. Over 6 months, mature ovariectomized rats took up calcium at the rate of 0.7 +/- 0.5 mg/day, while normal controls gained 2.5 +/- 0.7 mg/day (mean +/- SEM) as measured by whole body neutron activation analysis. Injections of clomiphene (20 mg/kg/week) kept ovariectomized rats in positive calcium balance at 2.0 +/- 0.5 mg/day. Reductions in total femur calcium content, cortical thickness, and visible trabeculae of femurs in ovariectomized animals were prevented by chronic clomiphene administration. These results in animals suggest a possible new line of investigation of the use of antiestrogenic drugs as therapeutic agents for hormone-dependent osteoporosis in animals and humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Skeletal tumors in children and adolescents.

Children and adolescents are not spared any of the skeletal neoplasms. The frequency is variable: The majority of patients with osteosarcoma are less than 20 years of age, but the majority of patients with chondrosarcoma are more than 20. The differential diagnosis of tumors of bone is often difficult because of confusion of these tumors with disorderly responses to injury. The radiographic features are important in the diagnosis of these lesions and in the differentiation of these lesions from other tumors of bone. Little information about differences, if any, in biologic behavior is available. Nevertheless, pathologists, pediatricians, radiologists, and orthopedists must keep in mind the wide range of skeletal neoplasms that may occur in children and adolescents. Advances in the treatment of malignant tumors of bone, particularly osteosarcoma, have made it imperative on pathologists to provide accurate diagnoses and interpretations of the effects of treatment on these neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The morphology of ascending aortic aneurysms.

To determine the frequency of morphologic abnormalities of the aorta, especially of the media, in patients with aneurysms of the ascending aorta, tissue specimens from surgically resected ascending aortic aneurysms of 339 patients were studied. Included were 232 men and 107 women; 53 (29 men, 23 women) had clinical signs of Marfan's disease. Features evaluated and graded included fragmentation of elastic fibers, cystic medial change, medial fibrosis, medial necrosis, atherosclerosis, periaortic fibrosis, and thickening of the vasa vasorum. Both elastic fragmentation and cystic medial change were present in a high percentage of patients. Cystic medial change was inversely correlated with increasing age of patients, especially in the group of patients without clinical evidence of Marfan's syndrome. Marked changes of these types in many younger patients without Marfan's syndrome could reflect a "tissue insufficiency" in early life that causes the aortic wall to weaken and dilate. Medial necrosis, fibrosis, and atherosclerosis were directly correlated with age. Hemodynamic events are considered to initiate injury and repair within the aortic wall. Dissection was more frequently seen with medial abnormalities than with atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear segmentation of bronchial epithelial cells by minimax and thresholding techniques. A comparison.

Two nuclear segmentation methods, Baky's minimax algorithm and thresholding, were compared on a sample of 879 atypical bronchial epithelial cells in sputum. Nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratios for all cells were determined by each segmentation method and compared to a visually determined value. Cells were categorized by atypia class (from metaplastic through malignant), by staining characteristics (orangeophilic and nonorangeophilic) and by method of digitization (either scanning microphotometry or video system). The method of digitization was confounded by subject differences. The results indicated that with most classes of atypia, N/C ratios determined by minimax were closer to the visually derived values than were those of thresholding, particularly with orangeophilic cells. Both methods become progressively less accurate, as compared to the visual procedure, as the degree of atypia increases.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1983

Hamartomatous polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. A light-, histochemical, and electron-microscopic study.

Multiple hamartomatous polyps from two patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome were studied using histochemical, electron-microscopic, and light-microscopic means. Using normal intestinal mucosa as control, mucosubstances containing sulfate, hexose and glycogen, as well as neutral and acid mucins, were detected. Electron-microscopic findings in different cellular populations of hamartomatous and normal mucosa were also evaluated. The results indicated the hamartomatous nature of such polypoid formations in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Review of the literature supports the possibility of genetic predisposition of these patients to develop unusual types of neoplasms in unexpected localizations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Classification of bronchial epithelial atypias by the atypia status index.

The atypia status index (ASI) is a categorization method of classifying digitized images of atypical bronchial epithelial cells in sputum. The ASI is defined as a linear composite of features linearly related to atypia stage. Over 200 features were examined for more than 3,000 cells that had been classified by atypia stage (squamous metaplasia, mild, moderate or severe atypia and malignant) and staining characteristic (orangeophilia and nonorangeophilia). We reduced the number of features by using a selection process to minimize redundancy. The feature weights were optimized via a least-squares procedure. The 14 features selected accounted for over 60% of the variation of atypia stage and produced ASI values that were within one atypia stage of the criterion classification for over 90% of the cells. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of a progressive pattern in bronchial epithelial atypia and indicate the feasibility of using image analysis for mass screening of premalignant atypias in sputum from subjects considered to be at high risk for lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Focal lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach preceding gastric lymphoma: case report and review of the literature.

A case is reported in which focal lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) of the stomach preceded by 45 months the development of gastric diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma. Review of the literature discloses only two similar cases reported with satisfactory histopathologic documentation. Analogous cases, in other anatomic sites, of an apparent association between benign and malignant lymphoid lesions are reviewed. The cases suggest that occasionally lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach may precede lymphoma. Lymphoid hyperplasia is not yet considered a consistent precursor of lymphoma.

Female↗