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Biomedical subjects

H J Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to H J Shaw.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Plasma renin activity in patients after a subarachnoid hemorrhage--a possible predictor of outcome.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) was estimated in 23 patients during the 1st week after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and in a control group of 6 postlaminectomy patients. Patients with altered levels of consciousness and neurological deficits had significantly higher levels of PRA than did patients who were alert and neurologically intact. The SAH patients were divided into three groups: (a) low renin (13 patients with a PRA of less than 1.77 pmol/ml/hour), (b) normal renin (2 patients with normal renin levels), and (c) high renin (8 patients with a PRA of greater than 2.5 pmol/ml/hour). Patients with high renin levels had a significantly higher incidence of morbidity and mortality than did those with low renin levels. There were also higher levels of urinary catecholamines in the high renin group of patients. The combination of altered consciousness, high levels of urinary catecholamines, particularly adrenaline; and a high PRA in the 1st week after a SAH indicates a poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Luteal LH receptors during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the pig.

The concentration, affinity constant and occupancy of the LH receptor have been measured in corpora lutea, from 29 pigs at Days 6--16 of the oestrous cycle, and from 25 pigs at Days 12--30 of pregnancy, by using 125I-labelled porcine LH tracer. Investigation of the specificity of the receptor showed that cross-reactions of other pituitary hormones were accounted for by their contamination with LH. Luteal concentration of unoccupied receptors doubled between Days 6 and 10 of the cycle, and decreased between Days 12 and 14; it increased 3-fold between Days 20 and 30 pregnancy, but was lower on Day 12 of pregnancy than at a comparable stage of the cycle. Concentrations of receptors occupied by LH increased early in the oestrous cycle, in parallel with the total receptor concentration; in pregnancy the percentage occupancy dropped dramatically as total receptor concentration increased between Days 20 and 30. Receptor affinity constants increased towards the end of the cycle and decreased between Days 20 and 30 of pregnancy. It is suggested that (1) the lower concentration of receptors in early pregnancy may reflect down regulation by circulating LH, concentrations of which are higher in early pregnancy than during the cycle; (2) the increase in receptor concentration between Days 20 and 30 or pregnancy may be due to a rise in circulating oestrogen levels; and (3) the decrease in occupancy at this time may be caused either by a decrease in affinity constant or by placental production of a chorionic gonadogrophin-like compound.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Perineural spread in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: a clinicopathological study.

Perineural spread of tumour has been demonstrated in 24% of an unselected series of 70 patients with squamous carcinomas of the head and neck treated by surgery. Slightly more than half the patients had primary tumours arising within the buccal cavity. Clinical features suggesting perineural infiltration were found in about two thirds of the cases; the symptoms and signs were usually sensory and occurred early in the disease. The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve was most commonly affected. Perineural spread was more likely to occur with large carcinomas, moderate or poorly differentiated, showing local invasion and lymph node metastases. The associated pathological changes are described and a high incidence of damage to nerve fibres is recorded. The practical implications of perineural spread of tumour are discussed with reference to indications for more radical surgery or for more conservative measures supplemented with other modes of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Partial laryngectomy for recurrent cancer after irradiation.

Attention is drawn to the problems of surgical resection by partial laryngectomy after full therapeutic dosage of Telecobalt irradiation. Material is presented from 2 main treatment centres to indicate trends in surgical treatment and the complications experienced. End results are given which confirm a reasonable expectation of cure and functional conservation by vertical partial laryngectomy for recurrence of glottic cancer after irradiation. However, the results of treatment of recurrent supraglottic cancer by horizontal partial laryngectomy gave much cause for concern in terms of complications and survival. In conclusion an attempt is made, based on the quoted experience, to define the position of conservation surgery after full dosage irradiation of the larynx.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Improved results in combination chemotherapy of head and neck cancer using a kinetically-based approach: a randomised study with and without adriamycin.

One hundred and seventeen patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomised between two combination schedules, one with and the other without adramycin. Responses (more than 50% tumor regression) were 67% overall with 63% responding to the combination without adriamycin and 82% responding to the schedule containing it. The increase in response rate seen with the addition of adriamycin is not statistically significant. Prior radiotherapy reduced the likelihood of response to chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1977

A visit to Nepal.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1977

The styloid process syndrome: aetiological factors and surgical management.

The literature on the syndromes associated with the styloid process is reviewed. The anatomy and embryology of the styloid apparatus are then discussed in relation to the development of these conditions; attention is drawn to the significance of elongation of the process. Eighty styloids measured at post-mortem examination enabled a mean length to be determined as well as a range of normals. The possible aetiological factors are then listed. Four cases of elongated styloid process are described, three treated by excision via an external approach and the fourth presenting as an asymptomatic lump in the neck, not requiring treatment. The authors' preference for the external approach is explained.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1977

Cancer of the floor of the mouth: surgical management.

After discussing the changing incidence and known difficulties in the management of mouth floor cancer, reasons are given for the increased use of surgery in treating the more extensive lesions. The significance of the topographic anatomy, patterns of lymph drainage and surgical pathology is emphasized. Principles of treatment, indications and types of operation are discussed for the main lesions encountered. Following this the preparation of patients for surgery, the methods of anaesthesia and certain technical details of surgical treatment are given. The importance of after-care and particular measures to avoid complications are stressed and conclusions reached. The paper is based on experience in the Head and Neck Unit of the Royal Marsden Hospital, London, mainly since 1965. It also derives from an extensive report on 189 cases of floor of mouth cancer seen and treated at the Hospital from 1950-1974.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1976

[Reconstruction following surgical removal of extensive malignant tumors of the mouth and pharynx].

Large tumors in the oral and hypopharyngeal areas require wide surgical excision with closure either by simple direct means or with replacement of soft tissue and the use of local mucosal flaps, regional skin flaps or visceral transplantation. Five examples have been chosen to explain the proposed methods of treatment with special emphasis on the use of the Bakamjian flap. A detailed description of a combined procedure using part of the colon as an oesophageal replacement is given.

Colon↗