Effects of environmental noise on the selective hearing abilities of normal and partially deaf subjects, and on experimental animals.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H J Opitz
Publications and source records attributed to H J Opitz.
[Origin and effect on tinnitus (author's transl)].
At first the essential conceptions concerning tinnitus in connection with sensorineural hearing losses are reported. Correlation of tinnitus with the pure tone threshold and spontaneous activities are proved by electrophysiologic and psychoacoustic tests. The sensation arising by the tinnitus concerning tonal quality and loudness is compared with external signals (Part I). Typical masking patterns by external signals in sensorineural hearing loss are explained. Phenomens concerning fatigue and adaption are shown up. Masking and temporal shift of tinnitus when masked where investigated for experimental generated tinnitus (part II). Using typical pathological threshold types a classification in correlation with tinnitus was conducted. Typical examples are presented (Part III). Finally the results of our investigations are discussed, especially the aspect of hearing loss, spontaneous activities and their pathological substrat. A hypothetic model as well as latest conceptions are presented. The possibilities for treatment and the cause of therapy resistance of tinnitus in cases of sensorineural hearing losses are discussed (Part IV).
Auditory Threshold↗
The time resolution of changes in short duration signal changes-psychoacoustical and electrophysiological studies.
Besides intensity and frequency analysis, time resolution ability is an important factor of auditory processing. Psychoacoustical and electrophysiological studies of peripheral and central time analysis phenomena have been performed to obtain more information as to this ability of the hearing organ. By presenting bursts of noise including short-duration intensity or frequency changes we analysed the sensation levels of these short-lasting changes in signal structure. In normally hearing subjects we derived time constants between 3 and 50 ms depending on the degree of intensity or frequency change. The re sults of psychoacoustical and electrophysiological measurements are compared. Age-dependent changes and other abnormalities are discussed.
Cochlea↗
[The origin of tinnitus and its management. III].
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Audiometry↗
[Middle ear affections with intact tympanic membrane and fluctuating hearing loss (author's transl)].
Typical cases of a fluctuating air-bone-gap (fixation and loose coupling) are reported. The possible causes are listed with those cases especially considered, whose anamnesis gives no clue to the causes. The fluctuations, normally evoked by the patient using tube function, were demonstrated by means of the tympano-audiometric method.
Ear Diseases↗
[Tinnitus: etiology and management. I].
At first the essential conceptions concerning tinnitus in connection with sensorineural hearing losses are reported. Correlation of tinnitus with the pure tone threshold and spontaneous activities are proved by electrophysiologic and psychoacoustic tests. The sensation arising by the tinnitus concerning tonal quality and loudness is compared with external signals as well as the masking tinnitus by noise and pure tones. Masking and the temporal shift of tinnitus when masked was investigated for tinnitus of experimental and sensorineural origin. A method for classifications is described and examples are presented. Possibilities for physical and medical effects on tinnitus are discussed. The difficulties of treatment are exhibited by means of a new model concerning tinnitus.
Auditory Threshold↗
[Tinnitus: etiology an management. II].
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Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
[Tinnitus-therapy by use of a tinnitus-masker (author's transl)].
Neither drugs, injections nor operative attempts tried in the past resulted in convincing success to relieve tinnitus. Since 1976 a hearing aid treatment was developed using the so called "Tinnitus-Masker". This kind of therapy and the following euphoria are reason for a thorough investigation and discussion of the possibilities and the possible success of tinnitus masking. After some general considerations on aetiology and tonotopy of tinnitus necessary aspects of tinnitus-specification (frequency, intensity, temporary threshold shift etc.) are introduced. These data contain basic information for a successful application of a Tinnitus-Masker. Different types of Tinnitus-Masker are presented and the results of several fittings are discussed including some patients with the residual inhibition effect.
Follow-Up Studies↗
[Slow cortical evoked potentials after noise exposure].
Human cortical evoked potentials under conditions of stimulation are registrated in the post-stimulatory phase of a five minutes lasting equally masking white noise (90 dB HL). Changes of the evoked potentials during to adaptation, possible analogy with high tone losses after noise representation and the origin of tinnitus are examined. Stimulation was started 3 sec after the off-effect of the noise. For five minutes periodically tone bursts were represented. Each train of stimulation consists of tone bursts of three frequencies: 2 kcs, 4 kcs, 8 kcs. The 0.5 sec lasting tones were separated by pauses of 2 sec. During the experiment stimulation and analysis were controlled by a computer. Changes in latency and amplitudes of the cortical evoked potentials were registered. Changes of the adaption patterns as a function of the poststimulatory time are discussed.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
[Acoustic evoked potentials in presbycusis].
Investigations concerning presbyacusis indicate that the ageing process of the hearing organ is mostly influenced by changes in the sensory-neural pathways. Psychoacoustic measurements give only reduced information on the peripheral and central part of the hearing organ. To verify changes of transport processes in the hearing organ caused by age we examined different evoked potentials. Occurrence probability of positive wave-complexes, input-output functions of amplitude and latency and particular changes in response pattern are analyzed. The results are controled by a signal-analyzer-system using the classical t-test. Thus we could prove data of three age groups and of sex-differences. Our examination partically confirm morphological and histological data of reduced transport processes in most regions of the auditory pathays.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
[Changes of tube ventilation after nasal septal reconstruction and turbinotomy (author's transl)].
The influence of endonasal operations on tube dysfunction was examined. Because of rhinomanometric proved reduced ventilation a nasal septal reconstruction, in some patients combined with turbinotomy, was performed. Before the operation and then up to two years after the operation tube function was registrated using tube manometry. Compared with the praeoperative results 12 patients out of 37 showed an improvement in tube function. After the operation 7 out of 28 patients were able to provide active equalization of a negative pressure in the middle ear and thus required the ability for physiological middle ear ventilation. In some cases the optimal tube manometric results were achieved not before the end of the observation period of two years. This investigation leads to the conclusion that in cases of reduced ventilation a nasal septum reconstruction should precede a tympanoplasty in order to improve tube function. An improvement of tube function only by permanent ventilation over a period of 2 years can not be obtained, as could be proved by statistic analysis.
Deglutition↗
[Effects of contraceptive pills in the field of otorhinolaryngology (author's transl)].
Besides the wellknown alterations of the Eustachian tube there will be discussed the effects of the contraceptive pills on salivarian glands and on inner ear. The influence of the gestagen and estrogen on the regulation mechanism of the above mentioned organs is demonstrated. Especially the erectile tissue of the submandibular and parotic glands and recidiving sudden deafness are discussed.
Adult↗
[Clinic and therapy of the lingual thyreoid (author's transl)].
A case of a lingual thyreoid without any orthotop thyreoideal tissue is presented. Dystopia of thyreoideal tissue is due to disturbances in the embryological development of the thyreoid gland. The clinical picture, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, therapy and prognosis are discussed in regard of cases of literature.
Choristoma↗
[The influence of aging on middle ear function (author's transl)].
Aging does not only affect the sensory-neural region of the hearing organ but as well the middle ear and its mechanic acoustic function. To determine changes in friction and elasticity of middle ear function due to growing age impedance audiometric methods were used. Alterations of middle ear impedance correlating with age and sex were proved by tympanometry, compliance measurement, reflex-activity and Eustachian tube function. The audiological results confirm morphological data of the middle ear and prove that the hearing organ may be looked at as a sensitive indicator of human physiological aging process.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
[The problems of simultaneous tympanoplasty and adeno- tonsillectomy (author's transl)].
The effect of adento-tonsillectomy on tube function and middle-ear ventilation was measured by tympanometry and manometry. It was found, that after adenotomy considerable negative pressure values may develop in the middle ear. In about one third of all cases five to six days after operation the tube function was not yet normal again. After tonsillectomy alone only a few of the operated children has slight negative pressure values. Adenotomy and tympanoplasty should not be achieved simultaneously.
Adenoidectomy↗
[Our experience, with the tube manometry in chronic otitis media. I: Equipment and methodology (author's transl)].
A simple method for clinical routine to check tube function in perforated tympanic membranes using an additional set developed by us for an impedanceaudiometer is reported. Before the possibilities to check tube function by tympanometric methods in normal tympanic membranes are discussed.
Chronic Disease↗
[Our experience with tube manometry in chronic otitis media. Part II: clinical use (author's transl)].
The appliance of tube manometry in clinical routine is reported as a simple and valuable method to judge tube function. By tube manometry treatment, conservative and operation, of both tube and middle ear, may be judged. Examples are given for the application of tube manometry in clinical routine.
Chronic Disease↗
[Continuous stapedius reflex registration in low and high intensive levels (author's transl)].
To study the whole dynamic range of the stapedius reflex the intensity of the soundstimulus with fixed frequency is continuously changed from 70 to 115 dB. Thus we get results concerning the real reflex eleciting intensity level. the gradient caused by continuous intensity change and a possible limit of contraction. To investigate time resolution phenomenons the stimulating signal is pulsated in a second trial. We used this method of stapedius reflex registration with 48 normal ears and a group of patients with sensorineural hearing loss. The results and the diagnostic possibilities of this method are discussed.
Acoustic Stimulation↗