Radiation-induced alterations of the parenchyma of the lung were investigated in 24 rabbits before, during and after irradiation of the left lung. Of the experimental animals 12 received a surface dose of 50 Gy, the other half 40 Gy, equivalent to a focal dose of 47.5 resp. 38 Gy in the middle of the lung, with a fractionation of 10 Gy per week. By means of lung-scintigraphy (99mTc-MAA) radiation-induced obstructions to perfusion could be demonstrated in 93% of the experimental animals, only in 37% the detection of radiopneumonia was possible by computed tomography or by a roentgenogram of the thorax. In 70% of the experimental animals scintigraphic alterations could be detected already during radiotherapy, the alterations visible by computed tomography or roentgenology appeared much later. Here computed tomography allowed an earlier identification of differences in absorption than X-ray diagnostics.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

["Cold lesions" in bone scintigraphy (author's transl)].

Frequency and location of "cold lesions" has been analysed in 1000 consecutive bone scans. Among the 554 abnormal cases there were 18 (1,8% of the total) with localized diminished activity due to metastatic lesions and 5 (0,5%) secondary to radiation osteitis. 10 of the 18 patients with metastatic disease had pure defects while 8 showed a reactive margin. It is pointed out that the quality of the examination is crucial for the demonstration of such defects and that single scans of the different regions of the skeleton are superior to a whole body scan. The survey of the literature shows that "cold lesions" are predominant in malignant bone diseases, however no relation exists to a definite histology.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Radiation dose and labeling of hippuran.

Renal morphology and renal function were studied with iodine-123-hippurate in 98 patients with various renal diseases. Sequential scintigraphy with iodine-123-hippurate demonstrates much better renal blood flow, morphology and function than iodine-131-hippurate. A method of labeling hippurate in a short time (2 h) with high efficiency (95--100%) is described. Radiation exposure to various organs was calculated and significant differences in radiation exposure to the thyroid are demonstrated.

Hippurates↗

PubMed1977

[Whole body computer tomography in the planning and follow-up of radiation therapy (author's transl)].

Whole body computer tomography provides accurate transverse sections of the areas to be irradiated in the position used for irradiation. The method has been used in 167 patients with malignant tumours in various parts of the body on a routine basis. Actual-size cuts allowed accurate delineation of the tumour or of the area to be irradiated with its neighbouring organs in 135 patients; in 66 patients CT scanning probided additional information regarding the extent of the tumour. Follow-up examinations carried out in 29 patients proved effective in showing the results of treatment. The introduction of the whole body scanner into radiation therapy has improbed radiation planning when compared with conventional methods because of the more accurate delineation of the area to be irradiated and of the surrounding organs.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1977

[Computed tomography of the whole body as a means of radiation planning (author's transl)].

Computed tomography of the whole body offers the first possibility to obtain individual tomographs with high resolution and in correct scale from all regions of the body. Using the "Sicograph", large-sized copies are obtained, which are therefore particularly useful for radiation planning. The size and location of tumors relative to critical organs can be determined exactly. The efficacy of radiation therapy in every individual case may be estimated on the basis of the controlled course (radiobiological information), [2,4,6,11,16,17,18,24,30], and the necessary modifications of the therapeutic schedule can be adopted early, allowing the complete utilization of the advantages of the shrinking field technique [8,19,26]. Since ultrasonic tomographs in many cases furnish additional information, we regard the combination of computed and ultrasonic tomography as the best way to obtain an accuracy of radiation planning previously unknown.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

Scintigraphy of lymph nodes.

The basic considerations, pharmacology, techniques, and clinical results of lymphoscintigraphy performed after the interstitial application of radiocolloids or after i.v. injection of radiogallium or radiobleomycin are described. The advantages and disadvantages are summarized, and the indications are given.

Female↗

PubMed1977

Scintigraphy of the spleen.

The various radiopharmaceuticals and techniques of spleen scintigraphy are described. The indications for spleen scanning and typical examples of various diseases are given.

Gold Colloid, Radioactive↗

PubMed1977

[Comparative examination by means of radiograms and computer tomograms on body-like phantoms with equivalent tissues (author's transl)].

A comparative examination of three Alderson phantoms by means of radiograms and computer tomograms shows that there are significant differences between the individual phantoms. Phantom I, for example, is inferior to phantom II because of the bad insertion of the bones into the surrounding plastic material (covered by air bubbles) and the inclusions of air in the soft parts. All phantoms have a rather strong osteoporosis of the skeleton which is most probably due to the production method [1,2]. Furthermore, the average absorption coefficients of the soft tissues show remarkable differences from one phantom to another.

Absorption↗

PubMed1976

[Bone scintigraphy in renal osteopathy].

25 Patients with chronic renal disease are investigated. In 16 cases with conservative treatment the bone scintigram showed pathological uptake according to the creatinine level, mainly in the joints of iliosacrum, hip, knee and ankles. In three patients increased uptake in the skull was found. The bone uptake found by scintigraphy was highly pronounced in the patients treated by dialysis. The most frequently involved regions were the joints of iliosacrum and hip, facial cranium, skull, pelvis and metatarsus. The count-rate ratio of cranium to chest was significantly increased in 6 patients. The investigations 6 months later showed in 4 cases a further increase compared with the first values. Count-rates of the skull were found to be comparable to the highly increased uptake in Paget's disease. Bone scintigraphy is a suitable method to estimate semiquantitatively the bone turnover in renal disease.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1975

[99mTc-polyphosphate scintigraphy of joints, xeroradiography and radiography of hands].

Joint imaging with 99m-Tc-Polyphosphate was carried out in 21 patients having inflammatory or degenerative diseases of the joints of the hands. A comparison was made between 99m-TcPP, xeroradiography and radiography. In a total of 630 different joints 237 positive scans, 132 positive roentgenograms and 183 positive xeroradiograms were obtained. In the early stage of inflammatory joint disease only the scintigraphic results are positive, in the later stage 99mTcPP-imaging was less sensitive than xeroradiography and radiography. The reason for the increased concentration at the site of acute joint inflammation is probably the increased uptake in the soft tissues of the joints. The best time for scanning after the application of 99m-TcPP seemed to be at 3 hours.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed1975

[Clinical application of iodine 123 with special consideration of radionuclide purity, measuring accuracy and radiation dose(author's dose)].

Iodine 123 is a nearly "ideal" radionuclide for thyroid imaging. The production of Iodine 123 requires cyclotrons or accelerators. The production of multicurie amounts of Iodine 123 has been suggested through the use of high-energy accelerators (less than 60 MeV). Most of the methods for the production of Iodine 123 using a compact cyclotron result in contamination with f.e. Iodine 124 which reduces the spatial resolution af imagining procedures and increases the radiation dose to the patient. The radiation dose has been calculated for three methods of production. The various contamination with Iodine 124, Iodine 125, and Iodine 126 result in comparable radiation dose of Iodine 131, provided that the time between production and application is more than four half-live-times of Iodine 123.

Child↗

PubMed1975

[Ball and socket ankle joint and tarsal synostosis (author's transl)].

Ball and socket ankle joints in 4 patients with "tarsal coalition" have first been described by Lamb and later by others. This report deals with a further case. The boy with a congenitally short left leg and absence of the lateral two toes was seen at the age of 4 months. He was again seen at 11 years of age after a sprain of the right ankle. Roentgen-examination showed calcaneotarsal synostosis and a ball and socket ankle joint with a fatigue fracture of the lateral metatarsal. The shape of the ankle joint appears to be part of a non-inheritable congenital defect with early embryonal disturbance of cleft formation in the tarsus.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1975

[Nuclear medicine functional diagnosis using scintillation camera and electronic data processing].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Computers↗