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Biomedical subjects

H J Griffiths

Publications and source records attributed to H J Griffiths.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Granulomatous pseudotumors in total joint replacement.

Fourteen patients (15 joints) developed a foreign body reaction to methylmethacrylate, polyethylene, or metal adjacent to a total joint implant, a condition we would like to term granulomatous pseudotumors. There were eight male and six female patients. Their average age was 61 years. The hip was involved in 14 joints (femoral component 11 times, acetabulum 7, and greater trochanter once). One patient presented with granulomatous pseudotumors of the knee. The principal findings included increasing pain and radiographic evidence of loosening occurring on average 2.7 years following the implant. This was followed by a characteristic and gradually developing radiographic pattern of discrete rounded lucencies. These developed into large ovoid lytic areas, destroying both methylmethacrylate and bone. Histologically, the appearances were characterized by histiocytic infiltration and the presence of multiple foreign body giant cells. Foreign material was identified in 9 of 11 cases. The pathogenesis is unknown but appears related to micromovement or loosening of the implant.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Radiologic diagnosis of pain in the athlete.

This article provides an overview of the various radiographic procedures available today. The correct indications for the use of each of these is emphasized and illustrated.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Trauma to the ankle and foot.

Fractures and ligamentous injuries of the foot and ankle will be illustrated and discussed with respect to the normal anatomy of the region and the pathomechanics of the injury involved. Injuries to the ankle are best considered subdivided into those caused by inversion or eversion. Injuries to the foot include those caused by direct trauma to the bones of the hindfoot, as well as stress and other fractures of the forefoot. Fracture dislocations at various levels including the tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc injuries) will also be discussed. The importance of making the correct diagnosis will be emphasized and the salient radiographic features of each injury will be illustrated. The use of arthrography and CT will be mentioned.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Pyoderma gangrenosum and erosive peripheral arthritis.

We describe two patients with biopsy-proven pyoderma gangrenosum who developed a peripheral erosive arthritis resembling that seen in psoriatic arthritis. This association is discussed with particular reference to reactive arthritis.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1985

Adhesive capsulitis of the hip and ankle.

Although adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder is a common clinical syndrome, adhesive capsulitis in other joints has rarely been reported. Four patients who developed adhesive capsulitis of the hip joint after trauma and two patients with adhesive capsulitis of the ankle, also precipitated by trauma, are described. The diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis is easily made during arthrography when a joint of low volume and high intracapsular pressure is encountered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Diabetic osteopathy.

Diabetic osteoarthropathy is a common constellation of typical radiographic changes seen in the foot of about 0.15% of all diabetics. These changes are vascular calcification, bone resorption and osteoporosis, periosteal new bone formation, neuropathic joint disease, and infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography in the management of acetabular fractures.

Twenty-four patients who sustained major hip trauma received computed tomography (CT) scans as well as conventional radiographs. A comparison of plain films with the CT scans showed that CT aided the diagnosis in 23 patients (96%): that CT altered the diagnosis in 14 patients (58%) and that the CT findings altered the management in eight patients (33%). It is our conclusion that CT scanning plays an essential role in the work-up and management of patients with major hip trauma.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1984

Luxatio erecta.

Luxatio erecta or inferior dislocation of the shoulder joint is rare and is caused by a hyperabduction injury. The clinical appearance is characteristic, with the arm locked in an elevated position. Radiographically, the shaft of the humerus is directed upwards and the humeral head lies inferior to the glenoid fossa, although not in contact with it. Attention should be given to possible complication, particularly concurrent fractures, as well as injury to the brachial plexus or the axillary artery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The radiology of total hip replacement.

The radiology of total hip replacement (THR) and its complication is reviewed in conjunction with a long-term follow-up study on 402 patients with 501 prostheses. The indications, contraindications, biomechanics, and operative management of these patients is discussed. Clinical complications such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and hemorrhage are mentioned. Postoperative infections including granulomatous pseudotumors, dislocations and fractures, true loosening of the prosthesis, and heterotopic bone formation (HBF) are discussed and illustrated. The importance of differentiating the lucent line from true loosening is stressed. Mechanical and other clinical complications which are largely ignored by radiologists are also discussed. The uses of arthrography and bone scanning are included.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Complications of total knee replacement.

The records and radiographs of 162 patients with 224 total knee replacements were reviewed for evidence of complications. Early complications included cardiovascular abnormalities, in particular deep vein thrombosis (3%), and limitation of motion requiring manipulation under anesthesia (7%). Late problems included patellofemoral arthritis (11%), heterotopic bone formation (10%), loosening (7%), deformity (4%), fracture (3%), and infection (2%). Patellofemoral pain and arthritis is the most common and often the most disabling complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Efficacy of CT scanning in a group of 174 patients with orthopedic and musculoskeletal problems.

One hundred and seventy-four patients with orthopedic and musculoskeletal problems received computed tomography (CT) scans between January 1979 and July 1980. There were 34 trauma patients, 35 patients with known or suspected primary tumors, 20 patients with metastases, 18 patients with suspected spinal stenosis, 25 patients with disc problems, five patients with infections, 13 children with congenital anomalies, and 24 patients with miscellaneous problems. The CT scans proved useful in all the pediatric cases, 97% of the trauma patients, and in the majority of patients with tumors. It appears that absolute indications for CT scanning in orthopedic patients include acute trauma to the spine, pelvis, hip, and shoulder girdles as well as in children with congenital spinal anomalies. Relative indications include determining the extent of the tumor and also aiding in the correct approach for biopsying a lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A longitudinal study of bone disease after successful renal transplantation.

A retrospective study of 100 patients followed for 1-4 years after successful renal transplantation was undertaken to assess the amelioration of previously present metabolic bone disease and to determine the risk factors associated with the development of osteonecrosis. 42% of patients showed some evidence of bony abnormality. Following transplantation, there was slow but progressive resolution in the X-ray changes of hyperparathyroidism but not of osteoporosis. 14% of patients developed osteonecrosis in the posttransplant period with the femoral head the most common site involved (72% of patients). Osteonecrosis could not be related to average steroid dose, number of steroid pulses, or the preexistence of metabolic bone disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Systemic effects of the VX2 carcinoma on the osseous skeleton. A quantitative study of trabecular bone.

The skeleton of rabbits bearing the transplantable VX2 carcinoma has been studied by a combination of radiographic and histomorphometric techniques. It has previously been shown that this tumor produces and secretes large amounts of prostaglandin E2. In vivo experiments, as well as cell and organ culture studies, have led to the conclusion that the hyerpcalcemia observed in tumor-bearing rabbits is due to excessive secretion of prostaglandin E2 by the tumor and its subsequent action on bone throughout the organism. Our new findings reveal (1) no evidence of local invasion of bone by the VX2 tumor or osseous metastases; (2) radiographic evidence of generalized osteopenia; (3) histomorphometric documentation in trabecular bone of reduced volume density of bone matrix, consistent with increased resorption in trabecular bone at sites distant from tumor; and (4) a marked generalized reduction in surface density of osteoblastic layers, volume density of osteoid, osteoid seam thickness, and surface density of osteoid. These findings in trabecular bone of iliac crest and vertebra offer quantitative data in support of the conclusion that VX2 carcinoma affects skeletal metabolism systemically.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Long-term effect of low dietary calcium:phosphate ratio on the skeleton of Cebus albifrons monkeys.

Wildcaught cinnamon ringtail monkeys, Cebus albifrons, were fed diets with Ca:P ratios of 1:4 1:2.1 1:0,4, and 1:0.5 for 3 to 88 months. Monkeys fed the diet with Ca:P ratios of 1:4 and 1:21 C ratios similar to that of human diets) had minor microscopic changes suggestive of osteoporosis when compared to other species of animals. The changes were not detected by conventional or magnification radiography or by 125I photon absorptiometry. These findings are in in striking contrast to studies in other animals where similar diets resulted in significant bone resorption within 6 weeks to 6 months. This study suggests that the non-human primate may be a more appropriate animal model for the investigation of nutritional osteopenia in man in whom bone resorption appears to be a slowly progressive process. In view of our findings, studies using lower animal species must be re-evaluated with respect to the hypothesis that high dietary phosphate is a significant etiologic factor in senile osteoporosis in man.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗