Biomedical subjects

H J Appell

Publications and source records attributed to H J Appell.

43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

Ultrastructural and morphometric investigations on the effects of training and administration of anabolic steroids on the myocardium of guinea pigs.

The effects on the myocardium of guinea pigs of a training program, of the administration of anabolic steroids (Dianabol), and of both combined were investigated at the ultrastructural level. Quantitative electron microscopy showed an enlargement of the sarcoplasmic space in all experimental groups and a disbalance of the mitochondrial/myofibrillar ratio in favor of the mitochondria, which was most pronounced after administration of anabolic steroids. The augmentation of the mitochondrial volume was assumed to occur by fusion, hypertrophy, and development of new mitochondria. When the administration of anabolic steroids and training were combined, some myocardial cells were pathologically altered; destructed mitochondria and aberrant myofibrils were found. Focally dehiscent intercalated discs and necrotic cells were also observed. It is suggested from these findings that the administration of anabolic steroids in competitive sports may lead to pathological alterations in the myocardium.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Structural alterations of liver parenchyma induced by anabolic steroids.

The long-term effects of an anabolic steroid (Dianabol) an the liver of motor-active mice was investigated. The pathologic changes occurring are due to cholestasis, peliosis hepatis, and diffuse hepatitis. It was assumed that a pathogenic relationship between cholestasis, peliosis, and cirrhosis exists. Neoplasms seldom occurred, but it was suggested that anabolic steroids do not primarily induce the formation of liver tumors.

Anabolic Agents↗

PubMed1980

A peculiar fibrillar pattern in the myocardial cells of trabeculae carneae in the right ventricle of the rat, mouse, and rabbit.

The cardiac muscle fibers in the trabeculae carneae of mice, rats, and rabbits show a special arrangement of densely interwoven myofibrils. They cross at various angles; however, a preferred orientation of the fibrils cannot be discerned. It is suggested that due to this arrangement the myocytes of trabeculae are not able to contract to the same extent as ventricular myocytes, but thereby gain a high rigidity during contraction. Hence, they may play a principal role as "guiding ridges" for the flow of blood, thereby improving hemodynamics.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

The fiber composition of the semitendinosus muscle of the rabbit.

The semitendinosus muscle of the rabbit is composed of a homogeneous fiber population. Fiber typing was carried out by means of light and electron microscopy according to which this muscle exhibits structural features that are either characteristic for both "red" and "white" fibers, or that do not allow for any classification according to the A-, B-, C-fiber system. Hence the long-held assumption that the semitendinosus muscle of the rabbit represents a classical paradigm of a "red" muscle should be revised in light of the present results.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Physical exercise may improve macrophage phagocytic activity of tumor bearing mice.

The influence of an endurance training on the phagocytic activity of macrophages from tumor bearing mice was studied. Female NMRI mice were trained on a treadmill. The training period differed from 3 to 6 weeks for different experimental groups and was performed either before or after tumor inoculation, or both. Either L-1210 or S-180 tumor cells were inoculated into the peritoneal cavity or the interscapular region, respectively. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal and spleen macrophages was estimated at different intervals. The trained animals' macrophages showed increased phagocytic activity especially evident in the group that had been trained before and after tumor inoculation. It was concluded that physical exercise might enhance phagocytosis of macrophages in tumor bearing animals and that this effect strongly depends on the duration and onset of the training program.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytokine stimulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) enhances cytolytic but not binding capacity of peritoneal macrophages.

Macrophages in varying states of activation differ in their ability to perform antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). To define further the activation requirements for macrophages to perform cytolytic functions, we stimulated peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages, which exhibit only a low level of ADCC, with a panel of cytokines and then assayed for the macrophages capacity to effect the rapid and slow forms of ADCC, to bind antibody-coated tumor cells, and to secrete H2O2 in response to immune complex or PMA. All four cytokine preparations, at optimal conditions, enhanced both forms of ADCC, but did not appreciably increase tumor cell binding. Three of the four cytokine preparations (Il-4, TNF and IFN-alpha/beta), however, increased the macrophages capacity to secrete H2O2 in response to either immune complex or PMA, IFN-gamma alone did not affect H2O2 secretion.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Induction of a tumor-specific immunity by re-transplantation of conditioned macrophages.

Syngenic macrophages "conditioned" in the supernatant of a S-180 sarcoma cell culture were applied to mice. When inoculating S-180 cells into these mice later, they only rarely developed a tumor of smaller size compared to control animals which had not previously received conditioned macrophages. To achieve such an adopted immunity, it is important to keep the time short between trypsinization of macrophages and their injection to the host. Since human macrophages can easily be obtained, this method may present a perspective for tumor prevention in man.

Animals↗