Cerebellar haemorrhage complicating resection of a cervical intramedullary tumour.
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Cerebellum↗
Biomedical subjects
H Iwata
Publications and source records attributed to H Iwata.
Immunomodulation by 8-week voluntary exercise in mice.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of voluntary exercise on macrophage and lymphocyte functions in mice. Male A/He inbred mice aged 19 weeks were divided into two groups: a group given voluntary exercise and a control group (n = 10 in each group). Exercise consisted of spontaneous running in wheels for 8 weeks (3 days week-1). Glucose consumption of peritoneal macrophages in the exercise group during incubation up to 72 h was significantly higher than that in the control group (70 and 13%, respectively). Also, activities of acid phosphatase (APH) (10.75 +/- 0.37 IU), beta-glucuronidase (GLU) (1.55 +/- 0.07 IU) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (43.3 +/- 0.7 IU) in the peritoneal macrophages in the exercise group was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the exercise group had a significant increase of about twofold in macrophage production of nitric oxide (NO2-) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (11.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.9 +/- 0.1 microM mL-1 in exercise and control groups, respectively; P < 0.01). Stimulation indices both by concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin were also significantly higher in the exercise group (P < 0.01). A significant increase in the splenocyte production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulated by Con A was noticed in the exercise group (354.1 +/- 28.8 vs. 218.9 +/- 23.5 pg mL-1 in exercise and control groups, respectively; P < 0.01). These findings suggest that voluntary exercise enhances not only macrophage function but also lymphocyte responsiveness in mice. In the studies of voluntary exercise, evaluation of NO2- production, as an indicator of macrophage function, is recommended.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Development of microsatellite markers in the tropical tree Neobalanocarpus heimii (Dipterocarpaceae).
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Heterozygote↗
Inhibitory effect of calcium phosphate-associated proteins on calcium oxalate crystallization: alpha2-HS-glycoprotein, prothrombin-F1 and osteopontin.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse urinary calcium phosphate- associated proteins and assess their inhibitory effects on calcium oxalate crystallization. Materials and methods Urine samples were collected over 24 h from five healthy men and calcium phosphate crystallization induced with NaOH solution. The bound proteins were separated on a cellulose column. To examine the effect of urinary calcium phosphate-associated proteins on calcium oxalate crystallization, 60 L of urine was collected from the healthy men. The effect of the separated fractions was studied in a mixed suspension/mixed product removal system. RESULTS: The separated proteins were identified as alpha2-HS-glycoprotein, prothrombin fragment 1 and osteopontin. Prothrombin fragment 1 and osteopontin strongly inhibited the growth of calcium oxalate crystals in artificial urine. CONCLUSION: alpha2-HS-glycoprotein, prothrombin fragment 1 and osteopontin selectively bound with calcium phosphate crystals in urine. Prothrombin fragment 1 and osteopontin in urine may strongly influence stone formation.
Adult↗
Intestinal permeability is increased in patients with intermittent claudication.
PURPOSE: Intermittent claudication can be regarded as repeated ischemia reperfusion injury, which can induce a generalized increase in vascular permeability, including in intestine. The lactulose mannitol test (L/M test) was performed in patients with intermittent claudication to evaluate the change in intestinal permeability when they were forced to walk. METHODS: The L/M test was performed in 11 patients with intermittent claudication and 11 control subjects without intermittent claudication. The test was performed at rest and after exercise. Patients walked on a treadmill until they stopped because of pain. The control subjects were forced to walk as far as 200 m on a treadmill. The L/M test was repeated in the patients after successful arterial reconstruction. Then the patients were instructed to walk the same distance at the same speed as they had before surgery. RESULTS: In patients, the mean L/M ratio after exercise was significantly higher than the mean L/M ratio when they were at rest (0.068 +/- 0.053 vs 0.022 +/- 0.009, P <.05). In control subjects, however, no significant difference was observed between the mean L/M ratios after exercise and at rest. The mean L/M ratio after exercise, decreased from 0.068 +/- 0.053 to 0.018 +/- 0. 016 after successful arterial reconstruction (P <.05) in patients. CONCLUSION: Intestinal permeability, determined by means of the L/M test, significantly increased in patients with intermittent claudication after exercise, and it diminished after arterial reconstruction. The L/M test is, consequently, a new noninvasive method to reflect ischemia in lower limbs during exercise.
Aged↗
Postnatal weight of calves derived from in vitro matured and in vitro fertilized embryos developed under various oxygen concentrations.
In the present study, weights of calves (14 days after birth) derived from embryos of a homogeneous line (Tajima line) of Japanese Black Cow, cultured in vitro under various oxygen conditions was examined. In vitro matured and fertilized oocytes were incubated for 48 h in modified synthetic oviduct fluid medium under 5% CO2 in air and embryos reaching at least the 5-cell stage were selected for further culture under various gas conditions (high oxygen tension: 5% CO, in air; low oxygen tension: 5% O2, 5% CO2, 90% N2) for 5 days. Embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage were transferred to Holstein cows or cryopreserved until transfer. When embryos were cultured under high oxygen tension and cryopreserved, the weights of male calves (at 14 days) were significantly heavier than in the other groups. However, there was no significant difference in gestation lengths of male calves. In female calves, no difference was observed in either the weight or gestation length of calves irrespective of oxygen tension during the culture period or embryo conditions (fresh or frozen). From the results of the present study, it is suggested that the oxygen concentration during culture and cryopreservation synergistically induced the production of overweight male calves without influencing gestation length.
Animals↗
Transmission electron microscopic study of hepatocytes in bioartificial liver.
A bioartificial liver (BAL) was prepared by simple inoculation of hepatocytes into the inner space of hollow fibers of a hemodialyzer and it was maintained in a closed circuit for in vitro culture. Morphology of hepatocytes in the hollow fibers was studied in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hepatocytes formed three-dimensional, rod-shaped aggregates of 200 microm in diameter throughout the whole dimension of the hollow fibers after 1 day of culture. Approximately five hepatocyte layers existed from the surface to the center of the aggregate. The hepatocytes in the aggregate displayed mostly polygonal shapes and were surrounded by five to six cells. Abundant bile canaliculi were formed between the hepatocytes and were sealed by tight junctions. The distance between the adjacent hepatocytes except the bile canaliculus domain was approximately 20 nm, and interdigitation was observed between some hepatocytes. These observations indicate that the hepatocytes formed functionally associated aggregates, that is, organoids. Although the cells facing the inner surface of the hollow fiber lost their polygonal shape and became flattened during the following several-day culture, no drastic change was observed in the morphology of the hepatocytes located inside the aggregate. After 14 days of culture, the number of living cells decreased and most of these had a deformed nucleus, few numbers of organelles, and intermittent lipid droplets.
Animals↗
Correlation between Bcl-2 overexpression and H-ras mutation in naturally occurring hepatocellular proliferative lesions of the B6C3F1 mouse.
The correlation between the mutation at codon 61 of the H-ras gene and the expression of the Bcl-2 protein was investigated in naturally occurring hepatocellular proliferative lesions in B6C3F1 mice. Specimens of histologically diagnosed neoplastic or preneoplastic lesions of the liver, obtained from the control mice used for 2-year carcinogenicity studies, were examined by immunohistochemical techniques. All of 25 lesions confirmed to be hepatocellular carcinomas stained positive for the Bcl-2 protein. Three of 12 foci of cellular alterations, as well as 24 of 42 hepatocellular adenomas, stained weakly positive. Bcl-2 protein was expressed to a greater degree in hepatocellular carcinomas as opposed to adenomas and confirmed by Western blot analysis. Seven of 18 hepatocellular adenomas that stained positive for Bcl-2 and three of 16 hepatocellular adenomas that stained negative had a mutation at codon 61 of the H-ras gene. Overexpression of Bcl-2 protein is likely to enhance the malignant turnover of the neoplastic cells, following a mutation at codon 61 of the H-ras gene particularly. These findings suggest that Bcl-2 overexpression and the mutation at codon 61 of the H-ras gene may be critical factors in the development of naturally occurring hepatocellular tumors in B6C3F1 mice.
Animals↗
Arthrodiatasis for chondrolysis with hinge abduction: a case report.
A 13-year-old boy with bilateral chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis was referred to the Nagoya University Hospital. Chondrolysis occurred on the left side 3 months after a subcapital wedge osteotomy and a concavity of the femoral head appeared, which formed hinge abduction. Increase of the joint space and resolution of the hinge were achieved by arthrodiatasis. As arthrodiatasis can resolve hinge abduction by distraction and reduce mechanical stress, it may be taken into consideration as an option for diseases with hinge abduction.
Adolescent↗
No association of the 5' promoter region polymorphism of CYP17 with breast cancer risk in Japan.
To examine the association between breast cancer risk and a T-to-C substitution polymorphism at the 5' promoter region of CYP17, a case-control study was conducted at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital in Japan. Subjects were 144 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients diagnosed in the past 4 years and 166 hospital controls without cancer. Allele frequency among controls was 44.9% (95% confidence interval; 39.5 - 50.2) for C allele. Odds ratio (OR) of the polymorphism relative to TT-genotype was 0.97 (0.58 - 1.64) for TC-genotype and 0.81 (0.39 - 1.68) for CC-genotype. Subgroup analyses revealed that the OR was not statistically significant for the subgroups stratified by interval after diagnosis, age at menarche, age at first birth, menopausal status, body mass index, and mother / sisters' history of breast cancer. Consistent with previous studies conducted in other countries, the 5' promoter region polymorphism of CYP17 affected breast cancer risk of Japanese women to a limited extent. Although this is not a large-scale case-control study with population controls, these findings provide enough information to discourage further studies on the association between this polymorphism and breast cancer risk in Japan at large, and suggest that this polymorphism is useless for breast cancer risk estimation.
Adult↗
Electroclinical picture of autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy in a Japanese family.
PURPOSE: Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is the first described partial epilepsy syndrome known to be due to a single gene mutation. We found a first Japanese ADNFLE family with a novel mutation of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha4 subunit (CHRNA4) gene. The aim of this report is precisely to describe the electroclinical manifestations of ADNFLE in this family and to compare these findings with those of other families reported previously in the literature. METHODS: Three affected family members were investigated electroclinically by close clinical observation, interictal EEG, video-EEG monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging, and single-photon-emission tomography. Information about other affected family members was obtained from either the spouse or the parents. Mutations within the CHRNA4 gene were examined in seven family members. RESULTS: The clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings in the members of this family were consistent with ADNFLE. However, there were intrafamilial and interfamilial variations in clinical features. The seizures of the patients were brief tonic seizures, with hyperventilation in children and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic convulsions in adults. The onset of the children's seizures began in infancy and early childhood. The children's seizures were sometimes provoked by movement and sound stimulation, and did not respond to antiepileptic drugs. On the other hand, the adults' seizures disappeared spontaneously or were easily controlled with carbamazepine. Three children showed hyperactivity, and two children had mild mental retardation. All patients had impaired consciousness during their seizures and no auras. A novel missense mutation (c755C>T) in exon 5 of the CHRNA4 gene was found in four affected family members. CONCLUSIONS: The electroclinical pictures of a Japanese family with ADNFLE were basically the same as those of other families reported, but with slight differences. ADNFLE is probably not uncommon, and it is very likely that there are unidentified patients with this inherited disorder in Japan.
Adult↗
Purification and characterization of a catalase from the facultatively psychrophilic bacterium Vibrio rumoiensis S-1(T) exhibiting high catalase activity.
Catalase from the facultatively psychrophilic bacterium Vibrio rumoiensis S-1(T), which was isolated from an environment exposed to H(2)O(2) and exhibited high catalase activity, was purified and characterized, and its localization in the cell was determined. Its molecular mass was 230 kDa, and the molecule consisted of four identical subunits. The enzyme, which was not apparently reduced by dithionite, showed a Soret peak at 406 nm in a resting state. The catalytic activity was 527,500 U. mg of protein(-1) under standard reaction conditions at 40 degrees C, 1.5 and 4.3 times faster, respectively, than those of the Micrococcus luteus and bovine catalases examined under the same reaction conditions, and showed a broad optimum pH range (pH 6 to 10). The catalase from strain S-1(T) is located not only in the cytoplasmic space but also in the periplasmic space. There is little difference in the activation energy for the activity between strain S-1(T) catalase and M. luteus and bovine liver catalases. The thermoinstability of the activity of the former catalase were significantly higher than those of the latter catalases. The thermoinstability suggests that the catalase from strain S-1(T) should be categorized as a psychrophilic enzyme. Although the catalase from strain S-1(T) is classified as a mammal type catalase, it exhibits the unique enzymatic properties of high intensity of enzymatic activity and thermoinstability. The results obtained suggest that these unique properties of the enzyme are in accordance with the environmental conditions under which the microorganism lives.
Amino Acids↗
Soft tissue adhesive composed of modified gelatin and polysaccharides.
Although fibrin glue has been clinically used as a surgical adhesive, hemostatic agent, and sealant, it has the risk of virus infection because its components, fibrinogen and thrombin, are obtained from human blood. To circumvent this problem, we employed bioabsorbable gelatin and polysaccharides to prepare a safer hemostatic glue. Gelatin was modified with ethylenediamine using water-soluble carbodiimide to introduce additional amino groups into the original gelatin, while dextran and hydroxyethyl-starch were oxidized by sodium periodate to convert 1,2-hydroxyl groups into dialdehyde groups. Upon mixing of the two polymer components in aqueous solution, Schiff base was formed between the amino groups in the modified gelatin and the aldehyde groups in the modified polysaccharides, which thus resulted in intermolecular cross-linking and gel formation. The fastest gel formation took place within 2 s, and its bonding strength to porcine skin was about 225 gf cm(-2) when 20 wt% of an amino-gelatin (55% amino) and 10 wt% of aldehyde-HES (>84% dialdehyde) aqueous solutions were mixed. In contrast, the gelation time and bonding strength of fibrin glue was 5 s and 120 gf cm(-2), respectively.
Adhesives↗
Focal cerebral ischemia-induced escape deficit in rats is ameliorated by a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-a: implications for a novel animal model of post-stroke depression.
The present investigation was conducted to examine whether a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A, T-794, affects the shuttle-box escape deficit induced by transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAO). MCA-occluded and sham-operated rats (surgery on day 0) were subjected to daily shuttle-box session from day 7 to 9 (training series) and from day 13 to 15 (test series) and received twice daily administration of T-794 (10 mg/kg p.o., b.i.d.) or vehicle from the evening of day 9. In the final shuttle-box session of test series (day 15), while MCA-occluded-vehicle-treated rats showed significantly more escape failures than sham-operated-vehicle-treated rats, the failures made by MCA-occluded rats were significantly decreased by T-794 to the level of the sham-operated group. Additionally, biochemical examination was conducted after behavioral evaluation to examine possible involvement of the brain monoamine system in the observed behavioral syndrome. In occluded hemisphere of MCA-occluded rats, catecholamine levels were decreased and ratios of deaminated metabolite to corresponding monoamine were increased compared with the respective values of the sham-operated group, and these changes were reversed by T-794. Results are discussed in terms of possible relevance of the MCAO-induced escape deficit to post-stroke depression.
Animals↗
[A 5 year follow-up study on the relationship between changes in serum lipids and blood pressure, and changes in exercise habits in subjects 30 years of age].
A 5 year follow-up study was conducted to investigate the relationships between %changes in serum lipids and blood pressure and corresponding changes in exercise habits in the middle-aged. The subjects were 152 males and 169 females who received a health check-up at 30-years-old during the period between 1990-1992 and then at 35-years-old during the period between 1995-1997. The results are as follows: 1. In multiple regression analysis, % delta toriglyceroid (TG) and % delta AI(atherogenic index) ratio were associated significantly with changes in exercise habits in males (P < 0.05) and % delta high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) was associated with changes in exercise habits in females (P < 0.05). % delta TG and % delta HDLC were affected by changes in exercise habits adjusted for BMI, smoking, and drinking. But changes in TC and blood pressure were not affected by changes in exercise habits. 2. In males, % delta TG was significantly lower in those subjects who started their exercise habit than in the no exercise group and than in those within the ceased exercise group who ceased their exercise during the study period (P < 0.05). % delta AI was significantly lower in the started exercise group than in the no exercise group. Also, the continued exercise group had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower % delta AI as compared to the ceased exercise group. In females, % delta TG was significantly lower in the started exercise group than in the no exercise group (P < 0.05). % delta HDLC was higher significantly in the continued exercise group than in the ceased exercise group (P < 0.05). From the results obtained, it is recommended that the no exercise subjects should have exercise more than once time per week and those with more than 1 time per week maintain their exercise habits.
Adult↗
Monoclonal antibody against bovine alpha1-acid glycoprotein.
Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against bovine alpha1-acid glycoprotein (alpha1AGP) were prepared from mouse hybridoma cell line. Bovine alpha1AGP as antigen was purified by using ion exchange column chromatography and the yield from 500 ml serum was about 10 mg. Immunoglobulin isotypes of 3 Mabs obtained were IgM and light chain types were kappa. The Mabs reacted with bovine alpha1AGP on immunoblot analysis, but not with alpha1AGP digested with N-glycosidase, suggesting that an epitope recognized by these Mabs may be associated with a glycan side chain of bovine alpha1AGP.
Amidohydrolases↗
Expression of porcine interleukin-2 in Escherichia coli.
A mature form of porcine interleukin-2 (IL-2) protein without signal peptides was expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins in Escherichia coli using pGEX vector. Since most of GST-IL-2 fusion protein was detected in an insoluble fraction on SDS-PAGE analysis, the insoluble fusion protein was solubilized by refolding procedure using urea. The recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) was purified by a batch method using Glutathione Sepharose 4B and factor Xa digestion and used for preparation of antisera in mice. The antisera reacted with rIL-2 expressed in baculovirus system on immunoblot analysis. In addition, the purified rIL-2 showed a high biological activity on CTLL-2 proliferative response.
Animals↗
Cloning and expression of the M5 RNA segment encoding outer capsid VP5 of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Japan serotype 2, Ibaraki virus.
The complete nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone representing the M5 RNA segment of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Japan serotype 2 (EHDV-2), Ibaraki virus, was determined. The M5 segment is 1641 base pairs long with the single open reading frame which predicts a polypeptide of 527 amino acids. The comparison of the amino acid sequence of the VP5 with those of EHDV-1, bluetongue virus serotype 10, and African horse sickness virus serotype 4 revealed that the protein shared 67%, 57% and 42% homologies, respectively. In addition, the VP5 protein was expressed in insect cells by recombinant baculovirus, which could be recognized by the mouse anti-EHDV-2 sera at a position of the expected 59 kDa on immunoblot analysis.
Amino Acid Sequence↗